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CIA - The World Factbook -- Norway

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In general, information available as of 1 January, 2004

was used in the preparation of The World Factbook 2004.

This page was last updated on 19 October, 2004

Legend: Definition Field Listing Rank Order    Introduction    Norway Top of Page Background:

Two centuries of Viking raids into Europe tapered off following the adoption of Christianity by King Olav TRYGGVASON in 994. Conversion of the Norwegian kingdom occurred over the next several decades. In 1397, Norway was absorbed into a union with Denmark that was to last for more than four centuries. In 1814, Norwegians resisted the cession of their country to Sweden and adopted a new constitution. Sweden then invaded Norway but agreed to let Norway keep its constitution in return for accepting the union under a Swedish king. Rising nationalism throughout the 19th century led to a 1905 referendum granting Norway independence. Norway remained neutral in World War I and proclaimed its neutrality at the outset of World War II. Nevertheless, it was not able to avoid a five-year occupation by Nazi Germany (1940-45). In 1949, neutrality was abandoned and Norway became a member of NATO. Discovery of oil and gas in adjacent waters in the late 1960s boosted Norway's economic fortunes. The current focus is on containing spending on the extensive welfare system and planning for the time when petroleum reserves are depleted. In referenda held in 1972 and 1994, Norway rejected joining the EU.    Geography    Norway Top of Page Location:

Northern Europe, bordering the North Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Sweden Geographic coordinates:

62 00 N, 10 00 E Map references:

Europe Area:

total: 324,220 sq km

land: 307,860 sq km

water: 16,360 sq km Area - comparative:

slightly larger than New Mexico Land boundaries:

total: 2,551 km

border countries: Finland 736 km, Sweden 1,619 km, Russia 196 km Coastline:

21,925 km (includes mainland 3,419 km, large islands 2,413 km, long fjords, numerous small islands, and minor indentations 16,093 km) Maritime claims:

territorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 10 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200 nm Climate:

temperate along coast, modified by North Atlantic Current; colder interior with increased precipitation and colder summers; rainy year-round on west coast Terrain:

glaciated; mostly high plateaus and rugged mountains broken by fertile valleys; small, scattered plains; coastline deeply indented by fjords; arctic tundra in north Elevation extremes:

lowest point: Norwegian Sea 0 m

highest point: Galdhopiggen 2,469 m Natural resources:

petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, titanium, pyrites, nickel, fish, timber, hydropower Land use:

arable land: 2.87%

permanent crops: 0%

other: 97.13% (2001) Irrigated land:

1,270 sq km (1998 est.) Natural hazards:

rockslides, avalanches Environment - current issues:

water pollution; acid rain damaging forests and adversely affecting lakes, threatening fish stocks; air pollution from vehicle emissions Environment - international agreements:

party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling

signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements Geography - note:

about two-thirds mountains; some 50,000 islands off its much indented coastline; strategic location adjacent to sea lanes and air routes in North Atlantic; one of most rugged and longest coastlines in world    People    Norway Top of Page Population:

4,574,560 (July 2004 est.) Age structure:

0-14 years: 19.8% (male 462,899; female 440,725)

15-64 years: 65.4% (male 1,520,481; female 1,473,101)

65 years and over: 14.8% (male 284,170; female 393,184) (2004 est.) Median age:

total: 37.9 years

male: 37 years

female: 38.8 years (2004 est.) Population growth rate:

0.41% (2004 est.) Birth rate:

11.89 births/1,000 population (2004 est.) Death rate:

9.51 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) Net migration rate:

1.74 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.) Sex ratio:

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female

15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.72 male(s)/female

total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2004 est.) Infant mortality rate:

total: 3.73 deaths/1,000 live births

male: 4.11 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 3.34 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.) Life expectancy at birth:

total population: 79.25 years

male: 76.64 years

female: 82.01 years (2004 est.) Total fertility rate:

1.78 children born/woman (2004 est.) HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:

0.1% (2001 est.) HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:

1,800 (2001 est.) HIV/AIDS - deaths:

less than 100 (2001 est.) Nationality:

noun: Norwegian(s)

adjective: Norwegian Ethnic groups:

Norwegian, Sami 20,000 Religions:

Evangelical Lutheran 86% (state church), other Protestant and Roman Catholic 3%, other 1%, none and unknown 10% (1997) Languages:

Bokmal Norwegian (official), Nynorsk Norwegian (official)

note: small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities Literacy:

definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 100%

male: NA

female: NA    Government    Norway Top of Page Country name:

conventional long form: Kingdom of Norway

conventional short form: Norway

local long form: Kongeriket Norge

local short form: Norge Government type:

constitutional monarchy Capital:

Oslo Administrative divisions:

19 counties (fylker, singular - fylke); Akershus, Aust-Agder, Buskerud, Finnmark, Hedmark, Hordaland, More og Romsdal, Nordland, Nord-Trondelag, Oppland, Oslo, Ostfold, Rogaland, Sogn og Fjordane, Sor-Trondelag, Telemark, Troms, Vest-Agder, Vestfold Dependent areas:

Bouvet Island, Jan Mayen, Svalbard Independence:

7 June 1905 Norway declared the union with Sweden dissolved; 26 October 1905 Sweden agreed to the repeal of the union National holiday:

Constitution Day, 17 May (1814) Constitution:

17 May 1814, modified in 1884 Legal system:

mixture of customary law, civil law system, and common law traditions; Supreme Court renders advisory opinions to legislature when asked; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Suffrage:

18 years of age; universal Executive branch:

chief of state: King HARALD V (since 17 January 1991); Heir Apparent Crown Prince HAAKON MAGNUS, son of the monarch (born 20 July 1973)

head of government: Prime Minister Kjell Magne BONDEVIK (since 19 October 2001)

cabinet: State Council appointed by the monarch with the approval of Parliament

elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; following parliamentary elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the monarch with the approval of the Parliament Legislative branch:

modified unicameral Parliament or Storting (165 seats; members are elected by popular vote by proportional representation to serve four-year terms)

elections: last held 10 September 2001 (next to be held NA September 2005)

election results: percent of vote by party - Labor Party 24.3%, Conservative Party 21.2%, Progress Party 14.6%, Socialist Left Party 12.5%, Christian People's Party 12.4%, Center Party 5.6%, Liberal Party 3.9%, Coastal Party 1.7%, other 3.8%; seats by party - Labor Party 43, Conservative Party 38, Progress Party 26, Socialist Left Party 23, Christian People's Party 22, Center Party 10, Liberal Party 2, Coastal Party 1

note: for certain purposes, the Parliament divides itself into two chambers and elects one-fourth of its membership to an upper house or Lagting Judicial branch:

Supreme Court or Hoyesterett (justices appointed by the monarch) Political parties and leaders:

Center Party [Aslaug Marie HAGA]; Christian People's Party [Dagfinn HOYBRATEN]; Coastal Party [Steinar BASTESEN]; Conservative Party [Jan PETERSEN]; Labor Party [Jens STOLTENBERG]; Liberal Party [Lars SPONHEIM]; Progress Party [Carl I. HAGEN]; Socialist Left Party [Kristin HALVORSEN] Political pressure groups and leaders:

NA International organization participation:

AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EFTA, ESA, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MONUC, NAM (guest), NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIK, UNMIL, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WEU (associate), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO, ZC Diplomatic representation in the US:

chief of mission: Ambassador Knut VOLLEBAEK

chancery: 2720 34th Street NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone: [1] (202) 333-6000

FAX: [1] (202) 337-0870

consulate(s) general: Houston, Miami, Minneapolis, New York, and San Francisco Diplomatic representation from the US:

chief of mission: Ambassador John D. ONG

embassy: Drammensveien 18, 0244 Oslo

mailing address: PSC 69, Box 1000, APO AE 09707

telephone: [47] (22) 44 85 50

FAX: [47] (22) 44 33 63 Flag description:

red with a blue cross outlined in white that extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag)    Economy    Norway Top of Page Economy - overview:

The Norwegian economy is a prosperous bastion of welfare capitalism, featuring a combination of free market activity and government intervention. The government controls key areas, such as the vital petroleum sector (through large-scale state enterprises). The country is richly endowed with natural resources - petroleum, hydropower, fish, forests, and minerals - and is highly dependent on its oil production and international oil prices, with oil and gas accounting for one-third of exports. Only Saudi Arabia and Russia export more oil than Norway. Norway opted to stay out of the EU during a referendum in November 1994. The government has moved ahead with privatization. With arguably the highest quality of life worldwide, Norwegians still worry about that time in the next two decades when the oil and gas begin to run out. Accordingly, Norway has been saving its oil-boosted budget surpluses in a Government Petroleum Fund, which is invested abroad and now is valued at more than $43 billion. GDP growth was a lackluster 1% in 2002 and 0.5% in 2003 against the background of a faltering European economy. GDP:

purchasing power parity - $171.7 billion (2003 est.) GDP - real growth rate:

0.6% (2003 est.) GDP - per capita:

purchasing power parity - $37,800 (2003 est.) GDP - composition by sector:

agriculture: 2.5%

industry: 36.2%

services: 61.2% (2003) Investment (gross fixed):

17.8% of GDP (2003) Population below poverty line:

NA Household income or consumption by percentage share:

lowest 10%: 4.1%

highest 10%: 21.8% (1995) Distribution of family income - Gini index:

25.8 (1995) Inflation rate (consumer prices):

2.5% (2003 est.) Labor force:

2.38 million (2003 est.) Labor force - by occupation:

agriculture, forestry, and fishing 4%, industry 22%, services 74% (1995) Unemployment rate:

4.7% (2003 est.) Budget:

revenues: $129.8 billion

expenditures: $105.5 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2003 est.) Public debt:

22.1% of GDP (2003) Agriculture - products:

barley, wheat, potatoes; pork, beef, veal, milk; fish Industries:

petroleum and gas, food processing, shipbuilding, pulp and paper products, metals, chemicals, timber, mining, textiles, fishing Industrial production growth rate:

-3.5% (2003 est.) Electricity - production:

120.1 billion kWh (2001) Electricity - consumption:

115.3 billion kWh (2001) Electricity - exports:

7.162 billion kWh (2001) Electricity - imports:

10.76 billion kWh (2001) Oil - production:

3.408 million bbl/day (2001 est.) Oil - consumption:

171,100 bbl/day (2001 est.) Oil - exports:

3.466 million bbl/day (2001) Oil - imports:

88,870 bbl/day (2001) Oil - proved reserves:

9.859 billion bbl (1 January 2002) Natural gas - production:

54.6 billion cu m (2001 est.) Natural gas - consumption:

4.1 billion cu m (2001 est.) Natural gas - exports:

50.5 billion cu m (2001 est.) Natural gas - imports:

0 cu m (2001 est.) Natural gas - proved reserves: