Федеральное агентство по образованию рф

Московский государственный технический университет «МАМИ»

Кафедра иностранных языков

Савицкая Т.П.

Contract. What do we know about it?

(Основные статьи контракта. Методические указания и задания для студентов 3 семестра экономического факультета для развития навыков чтения и понимания материалов делового характера)

Москва 2007

САВИЦКАЯ Т.П.

CONTRACT. WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT IT?

(Основные статьи контракта. Методические указания и задания для студентов 3 семестра экономического факультета с целью развития навыков чтения и понимания материалов делового характера)

Настоящие методические указания и задания предназначены для развития навыков чтения и понимания деловой документации. Рассматриваются наиболее важные статьи делового соглашения (контракта), такие как «Платеж», «Претензии и санкции», «Страхование» и др., предлагаются тексты и задания для активизации наиболее употребляемой лексики и грамматических структур, характерных для документов данного типа.

МГТУ «МАМИ», 2007

UNIT I

Subject for Study: Further Business Contacts and their Development. Making Contracts. The Main Clauses of Contract. (Дальнейшие деловые контакты. Заключение контракта. Основные статьи контракта)

Grammar: Conditional Clauses (Условные предложения)

Упр.1 Прочитайте и запомните слова. Найдите предложения с данными словами в тексте и переведите их.

business agreement – деловое соглашение

to conclude (make) a contract – заключить контракт

a standard contract – типовой контракт

a clause (subclause) of the contract –статья контракта

the terms of the contract – условия контракта

to include – включать

obligatory (necessary) - обязательный

the subject matter – предмет (контракта)

denomination – перечисление

duration – длительность

a claim (complaint) –жалоба

a letter of claim (complaint) –письмо-претензия

to settle a claim (amicably) –урегулировать жалобу (мирно)

to take to the court – обратиться в суд

to negotiate a contract – вести переговоры

to refer to (a clause) –ссылаться на …

as specified by the clause – как указано в статье …

according to – в соответствии с

to specify – указывать, уточнять

shipper –отправитель, перевозчик

forwarder – экспедитор

consignee – отправитель груза

tramp vessel (charter party) – чартерное судно

cargo (freight) – груз (в пути)

charging (discharging) expenses – затраты

amount of the contract – стоимость контракта

Making a Contract.

A contract is a business agreement on work to be done, rates to be paid, goods to be sold or bought. It is also a document of an agreement.

Contracts are concluded between companies in one and the same country or between organizations of different countries. Each international contract has standard parts which are obligatory. Contracts are to be made in writing. Most frequently these necessary parts of the contract include the following:

-legal addresses of the contracting parties,

-the subject matter of the contract; it also includes the total amount of money involved and the denomination of the goods bought or sold under the contract,

-a more detailed description of goods; their price, quality and quantity, packing and marking ,etc.,

-the terms of delivery (the most usual ones are FOB, FOR, CIF and others),

-the length of duration of the contract,

-the terms and procedure of payment, banking details,

-arbitration,

-claims and their settlement,

-guarantee period (if any),

-other conditions.

All contracts consist of clauses which are numbered, and sometimes of

subclauses. For example, every contract to contains a clause defining transport conditions. The clause is to specify the terms of delivery (CIF, FOB, FAS, C& F, and others), mode of shipment (by sea, rail, air, road or pipeline) and responsibilities of each party. Sometimes transshipment is practiced.

Transport by sea is essential to many contracts. As a rule, it involves: shipper, shipowner, forwarder, stevedore, port authorities, consignee and others.

Freight services are provided by liners and tramp ships. Liners provide services over definite routes, operate in accordance with schedules and call at different ports. Tramp vessels go anywhere as long as cargo is offered in sufficient quantity. They are called charter parties. Either shipper or consignee, depending on the terms of the contract, pays freight, loading, discharging and other expenses, if any.

In negotiations or correspondence one can refer to the specific clause, e.g. “according to the clause 7.5 of contract number …”, or “as specified by clause 5.4.3 of the present contract … “.

It quite often occurs that one of the parties of the contract believes that the other party is not fulfilling its terms. In this case a letter of complaint will be probably sent, containing a claim for damages. This claim may be settled amicably or taken to the court which is more common. Disputes between Russian and foreign companies are usually settled by the Foreign Trade Arbitration Commission at the Russian Chamber of Commerce and Industry.

Упр. 2. Расскажите, что Вы узнали о:

- the subject matter of the contract;

• the clauses of the contract;

• the reasons for complaint.

Упр. 3. Ответьте на вопросы:

1. Why do you think contracts are to be made in writing?

2. Which clauses of contract do you think to be important?

3. Why do the contracting parties sometimes refer to the Arbitration Commission?

4. When are letters of complaint sent? How can they be settled?

Упр. 4. Переведите абзацы текста, в которых говорится об обязательных статьях контракта.

Упр. 5. Вставьте артикли или притяжательные местоимения.

Dear Sirs,

We thank for your enquiry of 5^th May for … typewriters …Model “Midget”. We are enclosing … catalogues with all technical characteristics of … model. … price of each typewriter is $ … CIF Tallin. … price includes … packing. … payment is to be made by … Letter of credit which you are to open with … Moscow Narodny Bank. We are glad to inform you that on … orders for 200 typewriters and more we can give you … special discount of 5%.

Since we have taken … very large orders at … exhibition we are sorry to say that we cannot promise … prompt delivery.

Упр. 6 Вставьте предлоги там, где они необходимы.

1. The guarantee period which the company offered … their computers was 12 months … the date … putting them … operation and 15 months … the date … delivery. The Buyer found it rather short and wanted it to be extended … two and four months respectively. But the company agreed to extend it only … 13 and 17 months.

2. The new model … the pump was introduced … the world market six months ago. It is … the latest design and has excellent technical characteristics. The customers are very pleased … its performance.

3. As the Seller was responsible … the defects which were found … equipment, they had to correct them … their expense.

4. The machines were put … operation … a delay … the Seller’s fault.

Упр. 7 Раскройте скобки и поставьте глагол в правильной форме.

а)

1. If any defects (to appear) in the machines before the end of the year, they (to correct) at the Sellers expense.

2. If the two companies (to establish) business relations, they (to be able) to conclude some mutually profitable transactions.

3. If the customers (to authorize) the visit of the Sellers’s specialists to Moscow, they (to come) in two weeks and (to help) them to correct the defects.

б)

Dear Sirs,

I (to visit) your stand at the Exhibition in Melbourne and (to be interested) in your display of VS-Refrigerator units.

I (to be very pleased) if you (can) send me your leaflet and your export price-list. Perhaps at the same time you (to let) me know your terms of payment and the time which (to require) for delivery after you (to receive) the order. If the terms and delivery dates (to be) acceptable we (to be prepared) to place an order.

Yours faithfully,

Mark Pollet

Import -Export Manager

Note: shipper – usually a manufacturer who sells goods;

forwarder –an agent specializing in the transportation of goods;

stevedore – a firm employed in loading and unloading vessels.

Упр.8 Обратите внимание на структуру словосочетаний, данную ниже. Руководствуясь образцом, переведите словосочетания.

Образец: goods to be bought – товары, которые надо купить

Work to be done, rates to be paid, goods to be sold, price to be discussed, claims to be settled, terms to be specified, services to be provided, money to be paid, contract to be signed, marking to be made.

Упр. 9 Обратите внимание на использование структуры goods to be bought в предложении. The goods are to be bought in August – Товары должны быть закуплены в августе. Переведите предложения, данные ниже.

A contract is to be made in writing.

The clauses of the contract are to be numbered.

The terms of delivery are to be specified.

The duration of the contract is to be taken into consideration.

The claim is to be settled amicably.

Freight services are to be provided.

The matter is to be taken to the court.

Disputes between Russian and foreign companies are to be settled by the Foreign Trade Arbitration Commission at the Russian Chamber of Commerce and Industry.

Упр. 10. Прочитайте отрывок из контракта, найдите предложения, в которых используются грамматические структуры, аналогичные структурам упр. 8, 9.

Выпишите их и переведите на русский язык.

Messrs______, hereinafter referred to as "the Sellers" on the one part, and _____, hereinafter referred to as "the Buyers", on the other part, have concluded the present Contract for the following:

I. Subject of the Contract

The Sellers have sold and the Buyers have bought the equipment hereinafter referred to as "goods" on terms FOB. stowed port Lnd.

The Sellers will deliver to the Buyers F.O.B. port Moscow the equipment complete with standard spare parts, required technical documentation and corresponding accessories:

2. Prices and Total Amount of the Contract.

The total amount of the Contract is $ 50000 . The prices are firm for the duration of the Contract, not subject to any alterations, and understood to be FOB. including: export sea packing, marking, port and dock due's on the cargo, attendance to custom formalities, loading into holds, carnage, stevedoring, stowing of the cargo in the bold and/or on deck, lashing and securing as well as the cost of materials used for this purpose.

3. Delivery Dates.

The equipment specified in Clause 1 of the present Contract is to be delivered complete as follows:

By the time stipulated the equipment is to be manufactured in ac­cordance with the Contract conditions, tested, packed, marked and delivered FOB Moscow.

All the questions connected with shipment of the goods are to be settled in accordance with the Buyers' instructions or instructions of the Buyers' Forwarding Agent ________.

By the first of the month preceding the month of shipment the Sellers are to notify the Buyers by cable about the date of the readiness of all the equipment for shipment from the port stating the weight and cubic volume of the cargo. The same notification is to be sent to the Buyers' Forwarding Agent.

The delivery date is understood to be the date of the “clean-on-board” Bill of Lading issued in the name of the Buyers, destination port.

If the expiration of 30 days from the date of the readiness of the goods for shipment the shipping facilities are not available and so the goods cannot be shipped from the port of Lnd. The Sellers have the right to hand over the goods to the Buyers’ Forwarding Agent. In this case the date of the Forwarding Agent’s receipt is considered to be the date of delivery.

After handing over the goods to the Buyers’ Forwarding Agent all the expenses connected with the storage of the goods up to the moment of loading them on board a ship are to be covered by the Buyers.

If the goods are not ready for shipment by the date of arrival of the vessel the Sellers are to cover the losses the Buyers may sustain in connection with demurrage and/or unloading of the vessel.

Упр. 11. Используя словарь, прочитайте и переведите текст. Найдите английские эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний:

ко времени, оговоренному в контракте; все расходы, связанные с отгрузкой товаров; должны быть урегулированы; должны уведомить; затраты, связанные с…; оборудование, которое указано; материалы, использованные…; в связи с простоем судна, чистый коносамент, условия отгрузки/перевозки

Упр. 12. Найдите в тексте абзац, где говорится о затратах сторон. Каковы эти затраты? Переведите данный абзац письменно.

Ответьте на вопросы по тексту.

1. What points of the contract are specified in the abstract?

2. What does the total amount of the contract include?

3. What is to be done before shipment of goods?

4. Who (the Buyer or the Seller) covers the expenses of shipment?

Упр. 13. Прочитайте письмо. Выпишите предложения с «due». Переведите их на русский язык.

Rosimport May 17, 2002

Dear Sirs,

Re: Contract for the Pulp and Paper Mill

We refer to our letters dated 7^th January 2002 and the 26^th February 2002 to which we have not received any reply concerning the sums due to us on the above contract for the Pulp and Paper Mill.

We wish to draw your attention to the Deed of Acceptance which was signed during November 2002, a copy of which we enclose for your records.

Since that date we have been due to receive 5% of the accepted equipment to a total of $ 2000. We, therefore, have pleasure in enclosing, in duplicate, our claim for the amount of $2500.

Under the terms of agreement reached between us we were due to supply sufficient equipment to eliminate the problems with the Vacuum System. We have now supplied all the equipment, and it was intended that start-up would commence in April, 2002. It was proposed that our engineer, Mr. Dean, visit the mill in the week outstanding 25^th April, to start up equipment. However, in your telex No. T3018, dated 5^th April 2002, you indefinitely cancelled this visit.

You will definitely appreciate that considerable time and money has been expended supplying equipment. We are now confident that with the addition

of the equipment supplied the contract requirements of this machine will be met. It would, therefore, seem reasonable for you to now pay the final 5% due.

In view of our confidence in the equipment supplied and in your delay in start-up, we now enclose our claim for the remainder of the 5% due on acceptance, being $1000 and our claim of $500 penalty for delay in payment.

I remain

Faithfully yours,

Упр. 14. Составьте письмо на основе данной информации.

1. It / now / almost / month / since / you agreed / install / the equipment / we /

purchased / you / April. We regret / unless / the equipment / installed / two

weeks / we / obliged / report / Head Office. Please / treat / matter / urgent.

2. … more / three months /…you / expressed / interest /setting up / joint venture

/ we … awaiting / your comments / draft scheme. We … you / prepared / let

us know these / near future / we / obliged / seek / other arrangements. Please

treat… .

3. … letter … regret / delay / enclosed contract. Our Board director / ill / number of days / result / we / been / unable / get approval / until now. We apologize … .

Упр. 15. Переведите на английский язык.

1.Сообщаем, что вторая партия товара готова к отправке. Судно, зафрахтованное (зафрахтовать – to charter) нами для транспортировки, уже прибыло в порт. Оборудование, подготовленное к отправке, соответствует документам и будет отгружено в срок, указанный в контракте.

2.Высылаем вам литературу с описанием оборудования, изготавливаемого на нашем заводе. Высылаем вам также предложение на это оборудование. Цена, назначенная нами, включает стоимость оборудования, упакованного и доставленного в любой порт Англии. Дата отгрузки будет зависеть от количества требующихся машин.

б)

Уважаемые господа!

О Вашей фирме мы узнали от наших деловых партнёров, которые сообщили нам о том, что они имеют с Вами деловые отношения около 15 лет. Мы спросили их о том, не знают ли они фирму- изготовителя, которая могла бы поставить нам незамедлительно товары, названные в прилагаемом списке. Они порекомендовали нам обратиться к вам.

Конфиденциально сообщаем Вам, что наш обычный поставщик оказался в этом году не в состоянии соблюдать сроки поставки и из-за этого, мы можем сорвать сроки выполнения внешних договоров.

Если вы сможете поставить нам необходимые товары, пожалуйста, считайте это нашим заказом. Оплата будет произведена в соответствии с Вашими обычными условиями сделки.

Надеемся, что Вы сможете помочь нам в данном случае. И если Ваши изделия и сроки их поставки окажутся конкурентоспособными, то мы намереваемся заключить с Вами долгосрочный контракт.

Мы были бы Вам чрезвычайно признательны, если бы Вы прислали ответ телексом.

С уважением …

UNIT II