Topic The profession of a lawyer. The job of a field-criminalist

In English an operative may be called a “detective”, a “plain-clothes man”, a “sleuth”, a “CID man”.

The main task of an operative is to prevent crimes and to solve them by using special means, methods and forms of fighting crimes.

The detective activity includes overt and covert functions.

An operative works in plain clothes in his undercover work. Sometimes his lays an ambush. He conducts surveillance of persons, places and objects, penetrates the underworld and comes to know their distinctive marks, their friends, relatives and close associates. He knows that the informants are of great importance in his job, that’s why he chooses and cultivates them. They give him confidential information. He understands that an operative must possess – common sense to be a good judge of human nature.

As for his overt job an operative often takes part in crime scene search. He usually defines the crime quickly and accurately. He tries not to touch and disturb anything. He performs a lot of professional duties there. He deals with evidence of guilt against a person responsible for a crime. His duties are to find, to interview and to interrogate witnesses, eyewitnesses, a victim and a suspect. It’s necessary to do that to analyse the happening and to take immediate measures to detect the criminal, that is to identify, locate and apprehend him.

Topic The profession of a lawyer. The Militia

The Russian Militia was established on November 10^th, 1917. the Militia is the name of the institution that is to maintain law and order, to provide security for the society and its citizens, to enforce the law and to combat crime, namely, to prevent, to investigate and to solve crimes.

The Militia is divided into the Service of Criminal Militia and the Service of Public Security.

The Militia is to deal with to deal many problems. It is effective law enforcement, educational and preventive work that are to be in the centre of activities of militia agencies at our time. One of the main tasks of our Militia is to improve militia-public relations; to increase public’s trust and sense of security.

Constant support of all organisations can help the Militia greatly.

Another problem of our Militia now is to combat modern crime, i.e. spread of drugs, drug-related crimes, crimes relating to money and terrorism. That is why our country joined Interpol as its 151^st member in September 1990.

A man in a militia uniform is to give positive image of the Militia with social and humanitarian orientation and to put love into his life, his work and his contacts with people.

Topic The work of a Prosecutor’s Office

The Prosecutor’s Office was established in our country in May 1922.

Its main functions is to see that all laws are correctly and uniformly applied throughout the country.

It tasks are also strengthening legality and law and order as well as protecting personal rights and freedom of citizens, rights and interests of organizations, etc.

In performing their duties public prosecutors must be free and independent of any local bodies.

The Prosecutor’s Office is headed by the Prosecutor-General who appoints prosecutors of oblasts, cities, towns, and districts. The lower prosecutors are subordinated to the higher ones.

Any citizens can complain to the Prosecutor’s Office against violability of his/her rights. The Prosecutor’s Office protects the inviolability of a person. No person may be arrested without an order of a public prosecutor or a court.

All public prosecutors are appointed for a term of five years. A public prosecutors can be a person not younger than 25 years old, who has the higher legal education and possesses necessary moral and professional qualities.

The Prosecutor’s Office institutes criminal proceedings. Investigators ascertain the circumstances under which crimes were committed, collect evidence against the perpetrators of crimes and their accomplices. Then courts try the cases submitted to them by the Prosecutor’s Office. The public prosecutor brings a charge before the court in the name of the state. At the trial his task is to assist the court to pass a just sentence.

After the trial the public prosecutor checks the sentences and judgements handed down by the court as to their legality. He has the right to enter any appeal if in his opinion the sentence or judgement is erroneous. The public prosecutor has also the right to appeal against unlawful decisions and actions of state organs and officials.