Семестр 2 Модуль1

2 Семестр

Module 1. Global community

Theme: GEOGRAPHIC LOCATIONS OF KAZAKHSTAN AND ENGLISH

SPEAKING COUNTIES.

Task 1.1. Read the text and try to translate it using new words and phrases given on the lexical introduction

Kazakhstan

Part I

The Republic of Kazakhstan lies right in between Europe and Asia. It stretches from the east of the Caspian Sea and Volga plains to the mountainous Altay and from the foothills of Tien Shan in the south and southeast to the WestSiberian lowland in the north. The size of the territory places Kazakhstan ninth in the world, after Russia, Canada, China, USA, Brasil, Australia, India and Argentina. The capital of Kazakhstan is Astana.

More than a quarter of the land consists of a portion of the gentle steppes that stretch from central Europe to Siberia. The rest of the republic reflects the beauty of forests, mountains, rivers, lakes and reservoirs.

Kazakhstan has the sharp continental climate. In separate years spring stretches from the south to the north during 1,5-2 months. When it is spring in the south, the north area is covered with snow and severe storm. July is the hottest season, and February is the coldest month.

Part II

The land of Kazakhstan is rich by different soils and natural resources. Kazakhstan's population includes many ethnic groups with their own language and culture brought together through their history. The largest ethnic groups are Kazakhs and Russians. The main religions are Islam and Christianity. The official language of Kazakhstan is Kazakh, a Turkic language. State organizations and local governmental bodies also use Russian. The government encourages citizens to study and speak several languages. Everybody has the right to use their native language and the right to choose their language for communica-

tion, study and work.

The Kazakhs are an extremely hospitable people. If you come to a Kazakh home unexpected you will be received as if you had been invited. Since early childhood principles of respect of guests and older people as well as peacefulness and tolerance are instilled in every Kazakh and these are the national features of Kazakh culture and tradition.

Since ancient times the Kazakhs have carefully preserved and passed down the generations their tradition of hospitality, respect for the elders, peace and tolerance.

Kazakh national cuisine reflects the nature of its people, its history, customs and traditions. Since old times hospitality has been the most distinctive feature of the Kazakh people.

Kazakhstan is a market-economy state. The national economic policy aims to create the conditions for the socio-economic development of the country. The currency is the Tenge which is equal to 100 tyins. It was introduced on 15th November 1993.

Task 1.2. Set several topics to make a plan according to the importance of the information given in each reasonable paragraph (approx. 5-6 paragraphs)

Task 1.3. Add some more information of your own. Work in groups of 3-4, and tell the whole class.

Task 1.4. Decide if the following is true (T) or false (F).

1.Kazakhstan has the largest territory in the world. 2.Spring is warm and winner is not so cold in Kazakhstan. 3.Kazakh and Russian are the largest ethnic groups.

4.Peacefulness and tolerance are the national features of Kazakh culture. 5.Kazakhstani people aim to create the conditions for the socio-economic development of the country.

Task 1.5. Make a short report using the plan you already have, or try to follow these questions:

1.Which place does Kazakhstan take with its territory?

2.What does its land consist of?

3.What can you say about its climate?

4.What kind of groups does its population include?

5.What are its official language and the language of communication?

6.How can you describe Kazakh people? (their distinctive features)

7.What can you tell about its economy?

Task 1.6. Read the text.

The United Kingdom.

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the official name of the British Kingdom. It is situated on the British Isles. The British Isles consist of two large islands, Great Britain and Ireland, and about five thousand small islands. Their total area is over 244,000 square kilometres. Many years ago the British Isles formed a part of the continent. Now Great Britain is separated, from the continent by the English Channel and the North Sea. The narrowest part of the English Channel is called the Stait of Dover.

The UK is made up of four countries. They are England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Their capitals are London, Cardiff, Edinburgh and Belfast. The capital of the UK is London. Great Britain consists of England, Scotland and Wales and does not include Northern Ireland.

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The UK is washed by the Atlantic Ocean in the north and the North Sea in the west. The two islands are separated by the Irish Sea.

The surface of the British Isles varies very much. The north of Scotland is mountainous. It's called the Highlands. Ben Nevis in Scotland is the highest mountain (1343 m). The south of Scotland has beautiful valleys and plains. It is called the Lowlands.

Scotland is a land of famous lakes. They are called "lochs" there. The beautiful Loch Lomond is the largest one. Loch Ness attracts millions of tourists by its legendary monster.

The north and west of England are mountainous. Mountains aren't very high. The east, center and south-east of England is a vast plain.

There are a lot of rivers in Great Britain, but they aren't very long. The largest of them are the Severn (350 km), the Clyde, the Mersey, the Thames (346 km), the Trent (274 km) and the Оuse. The Thames is the deepest river. London stands on the Thames.

The climate of Great Britain is temperate and mild. The warm waters of the Gulf Stream influence the climate of the British Isles.

The population of the UK is over 57 million people.

The UK is a highly developed industrial country. It is the largest producer and exporter of machinery, electronics, textile, aircraft and navigation equipment. One of the chief industries of the country is shipbuilding.

Vocabulary

to consist of — состоять из total area — общая площадь

to form — формировать, образовывать to separate — разделять

narrow — узкий

to make up — составлять to wash — омывать surface — поверхность

to vary — меняться, разнообразить valley — долина. plain — равнина temperate — умеренный

mild — мягкий, умеренный to influence — влиять

highly developed – высокоразвитый.

Task 1.7. Answer the questions.

1.What is the official name of the British Kingdom? 2.Where is the UK situated?

3. What do the British Isles consist of? 4.What is the total area of the British Isles?

5.What did the British Isles form many years ago? 6.How is Great Britain separated from the continent?

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7.What is the narrowest part of the English Channel called? 8.How many countries is the UK made up? What are they? 9.What are their capitals? "

10.What parts does Great Britain consist of?

Task 1.8. Read the first part of the sentence in A and find the second part in B.

единенное королевство состоит из четырех стран. 3. На юге Шотландии есть красивые долины и равнины. 4. Много лет назад Британские Острова образовывали часть континента.

3. The climate of Great Britain is …. and … .

4.Loch Ness attracts millions of tourists by its legendary …. .

5.The UK is a …. Developed industrial country.

Task 1.11. Read the text and translate.

The United Staes of America (The USA)

The United States of America is the fourth largest country in the world (after Russia, Canada and China). The USA lies in the central part of North America. The total area of the country is about nine and a half million square kilometres. Its western coast is washed by the Pacific Ocean. Its eastern coast is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico. The USA borders on Canada in the north and on Mexico in the south. It has a sea-boarder with Russia.

The climate of the country varies greatly from arctic in Alaska through continental in the central part to subtropical in the south.

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The USA is a federal republic. It consists of fifty states and the District of Columbia. The capital of the country is Washington D. C. The population of the USA is about 250 million people.

The USA is one of the greatest industrial and leading agricultural nations in the world. The USA produces around 25% of the world's industrial products, agricultural goods and services.

The USA is rich in coal, iron and oil. Many rivers cross the country. The most important are the Mississippi, the Missouri, the Colorado, the Sacramento. The main lakes are the Great Lakes in the north.

The largest cities are New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, Philadelphia, Detroit, San Francisco, Washington and others. The highest mountains are the Rocky Mountains, the Cordillera and the Sierra Nevada.

The USA is one of the most powerful and highly developed countries in the world. It is the leader of the western world.

Vocabulary notes total — весь, целый coast — морской берег

to border on — граничить с to produce – выпускать

agriculturalсельскохозяйственный. goods — товар

service — обслуживание, сервис coal — каменный уголь

iron — железо oil - масло, нефть

to cross — пересекать

Task 1.12. Match the two parts of the sentences.

Task 1.13. Choose the correct verb for each blank.

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varies, produces, lies, cross, is washed,

1.Its western coast ... by the Pacific Ocean.

2.The climate of the country ... greatly from arctic in Alaska through contitental in the central part to subtropical in the south.

3.Many rivers ... the country.

4.The USA ... in the central part of North America

5. The USA ….. around 25% of the world's industrial products, agricultural goods and services.

Task 1.14. Read and learn by heart the dialogue. Then act it out. Alice: Hi! Glad to meet you. You look wonderful.

Mary: Hi! Thanks. Alice: Had good holidays?

Mary: Yes, I travelled about USA. Alice: Oh? What was it like? Mary: It was great!

Alice: What cities did you visit?

Mary: A lot. New York, Los Angeles, San-Francisco and Washington.

Alice: You are lucky! I’m going to Washington next holidays, too. What would you advise me to see in Washington in the first place?

Mary: Oh! Washington is one of the most beautiful and unusual cities in the United States.

Alice: Unusual! Why?

Mary: First, it’s the capital of the country. Washington is very green and you can hardly find a park, a square or an open area in Washington without a monument or a memorial.

Alice: I see. I’m looking forward to my holidays and visiting Washington.

Task 1.15. Read the text and make up your own questions. Astana - the north capital of Kazakhstan.

For some cities it takes centuries to grow up, for others - thousands of years, but there are cities that can grow up in several decades only. Astana, the capital of Kazakhstan, is one of the “champions”. In the 19th century it grew from a small fortress to the regional center. And having received in 1997 the status of the capital, for 10 years has increased more than 3 times, both in area and in population.

Today’s Astana is a large modern metropolis with a fully developed infrastructure, transport network, the social sphere. In 1999 on the initiative of UNESCO, it was awarded the title of the City of Peace. Due to the special economic zone the city became the center of the construction of modern architectural complexes involving such famous architects as Kisho Kurokawa, and Norman Foster. Astana has become the face of the country and is among the top 30 cities of the world.

Geographically Astana is located in the north of Kazakhstan and connects the main transport routes: automobile, rail, and air. The climate of the city can be characterized

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as sharply continental: winters are cold, long with little snow; summers are hot and dry.

In Astana there are 14 higher educational institutions, Akmola regional philharmonic society, museums of history and arts, theaters, libraries, etc. Of course, Astana has its own attractions. The most important are Ak-Orda the residence of the President, Baiterek the symbol of the capital, the Palace of Independence for a variety of international events, and the Palace of Peace and Accord - a unique structure designed for the Congress of Leaders of World Religions.

The city has changed during the 10 years of bearing the status of the capital and keeps on growing. Beautiful modern buildings decorate Astana, and at night - the lights and spotlights, garlands, colorful fountains, brightly lit shop windows. Just like Baiterek has become the symbol of Astana, the city itself has become the symbol of Kazakhstan – the symbol of the 21st-century Kazakhstan.

Task 1.16. Decide if the following is true (T) or false (F).

1. In Astana there are 24 higher educational institutions.

2. In 1998 on the initiative of UNISEF, it was awarded the title of the City of Peace.

3.Astana has become the face of the country and is among the top 30 cities of the world.

4.Geographically Astana is located in the south of Kazakhstan.

5.The climate of the city can be characterized as sharply continental: winters are warm, long with little snow; summers are hot and dry.

6.Ak-Orda the symbol of the capital.

Task 1.17. Read the end of the sentence and find its beginning in the text.

1.…. is a large modern metropolis with a fully developed infrastructure, transport network, the social sphere.

2.… Ak-Orda the residence of the President, Baiterek the symbol of the capital, the Palace of Independence for a variety of international events

3.…. Astana, and at night - the lights and spotlights, garlands, colorful fountains, brightly lit shop windows.

4.… has become the symbol of Astana.

5.… century it grew from a small fortress to the regional center.

Task 1.18. Read the text.

London.

London is the capital of the UK, it's political, economic and commercial centre. London is one of the largest cities in the world and the largest city in Europe. Its population is about 8 million.

London is one of the oldest and most interesting cities in the world.

London was founded by the Romans in 43 AD. It was called Londinium. They built a town on the River Thames. In 61 AD the town was burnt down. Then Londinium was rebuilt by the Romans and surrounded by a wall. This wall is now called the City of London.

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Sometimes there were fires in the city. On Saturday, 2nd September, 1666 the Great Fire of London took place. It started in the house of the king's baker, near London Bridge. The fire burnt for four days and destroyed 80% of the city. After the Great Fire people built a new city.

Traditionally London is divided into several parts. They are the City, Westminster, the West End and the East End.

The City is the heart of London. It is a financial and business centre of London. There are a lot of banks, offices and firms there. For example, the Bank of England, the Stock Exchange and the Old Bailey. Few people live here but over a mil-lion people come to the City to work. There are some interesting places in the City. They are the Tower Of London and one of the greatest English Churches St. Paul's Cathedral.

Westminster is the historical and political centre of London. There you can see Westminster Abbey, Westminster Palace or the Houses of Parliament and Buckingham Palace. Buckingham Palace is the official residence of the Queen. The British Prime Minister lives at number 10, Downing Street.

The West End is the richest and most beautiful part of London. It is the symbol of wealth and luxury. The best hotels, shops, restaurants, clubs and theatres are situated there.

Trafalgar Square is the centre of London. The East End is the poorest district of London. There are a lot of factories, workshops and docks there. The streets are narrow, the buildings are unimpressive. The East End is densely populated by working class families.

Vocabulary notes

commercial — торговый, коммерческий. population — население.

to found — основывать.

to burn(burnt, burnt) — гореть.

to rebuild (rebuilt, rebuilt) – восстановить. to surround— окружать.

to destroy — разрушать. to divide — делить. densely — густо, плотно

Task 1.19. Answer the questions.

1.What is the capital of the UK? 2.What is the population of London? - 3.When was London founded? 4.Who founded London?

5.What was the first name of London? 6.Where did the Romans build Londinium? 7.When was Londinium burnt down?:

8.Who rebuilt and surrounded the town by a wall after the fire? 9.What is this wall called now?

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10.When did the Great Fire of London take place?

Task 1. 20. Put in the missing words according to the text.

1.Buckingham Palace is the official ... of the Queen. 2.The West End is the symbol of ... and ...

3.The streets in the East End are .... the buildings are ....

4.The City is the ... of London

5.London is political, economic and ... centre of the country. 6.The East End is ... populated by working class families.

Task 1. 21. Work in pairs. Read and learn by heart the dialogue. Kelly: Oh! Is this Trafalgar Square?

Liz: Yes, certainly. The centre of London is beautiful, isn't it? Kelly: Yes, you are right. What's that, Liz?

Liz: That big column with statue on top of it? It's a memorial to Admiral Nelson. Kelly: ОҺ, I see. It's very impressive. Look at the fountains, aren't they lovely? And what are those birds, all over the square, Liz?

Liz: They are pigeons. They are one of the sights of London.

Kelly: What is that long building in front of us? Liz: That is the National Galery. It has got the best collection of pictures in it.

Kelly: Let's go and see it, Liz.

Liz: All right, let's. The Gallery is open now.

Theme: POLITICAL AND ECONOMICAL SYSTEM OF STATES

Task 1. 23. Read the text.

Political system of the USA. Part I

The United States of America is a parliamentary republic. The people rule the country through the representatives they elect. Today any citizen who is at least 18 years old can vote. The Constitution of the USA was written in 1787. It is the basis for its laws.

The United States has a federalist system. There are fifty states in the USA. Each state has its own government and. there is a federal or national government. Each state has its own constitution and can collect taxes. But only the national government can print money.

The national government is divided into three branches. They are the legislative branch, the executive branch and the judicial branch.

The legislative branch is represented by the US Congress. The US Congress consists of two parts. They are the House of Representatives and the Senate. The congress's main function is to make laws. There are 100 senators (two from each state) and 435 representatives. The number of the representatives from each state depends on the size of the state's population.

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Senators are chosen for six years. But one-third is re-elected or retired every two years.

Part II

The executive branch is headed by the President and his Administration. The president of the USA is the head of the country. The executive branch administers the laws. The executive branch consists of departments and agencies. The US President is elected for a 4-year term. The US President commands the armed forces, conducts foreign affairs, recommends laws to the Congress.

The judicial branch is headed by the US Supreme Court. The US Supreme Court has nine members. They are Chief Justice and 8 Associate Justices. They are appointed for life. The judicial branch interprets the laws and makes sure that new laws are in keeping with the Constitution.

Each branch has certain controls over "other branches. The US Congress makes laws, but the President can veto a law, and the Supreme Court can decide that the law is unconstitutional.

There-are two main political parties in the USA. They are the Democtatic Party and the Republican Party. The Democratic Party is symbolized by a "donkey." The Republican Party is symbolized by an "elephant." There are no clear differences between these parties. The Republicans are more conservative. They have more support among the upper classes. The Democrats are more liberal. They have more support among the working class and the poor.

POLITICAL SYSTEM OF THE USA

Vocabulary

the US Congress — Конгресс Соединенных Штатов Америки the Senate — Сенат

the US Supreme Court — Верховный Суд Соединенных Штатов Chief Justice — председатель суда

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