Indefinite pronouns

Each is used:

1. When we think of things separately, one by one, one at a time

Study each sentence carefully.

2. It is more usual for a small number or 2 people or things.

Each book was a different colour.

The structures each can be used:

Each+ noun

Each+ one

Each of (us, these, etc)

Every is used:

1. When we think of things as a group.(= all)

Every sentence must have a verb.

2. It is more usual for a large number(3 or more) people or things (= all)

John loves reading. He has read every book in the library.

3. To show how often something happens (=repeated regularly)

I have to attend a meeting every 2 months.

4. The greatest possible or that can be imaged. (= the greatest)

I’d like to wish you every success in your new job.

The structures every can be used:

Every + noun

Every + one

Every + one of

Almost, nearly, practically + every

Both each & every take a singular verb, but we/you/they each is plural.

Each of us has a map. We each have a map.

Some & any mean ‘’a certain number or amount’’. They are used with or instead of plural or uncountable nouns. Some is a possible plural form of a/an & one.

Have a biscuit/some biscuits.

Some is used:

1. With affirmative verbs.

They bought some honey.

2. In questions where the answer ‘’yes’’ is expected.

Did some of you sleep on the floor? (I expect so.)

3. In offers & requests.

Would you like some wine?

Could you do some typing for me?

Any is used:

1. With negative verbs.

I haven’t any matches.

2. With hardly, barely, scarcely.

I have hardly any spare time.

3. With without when without any = with no.

He crossed the frontier without any difficulty/with no difficulty.

4. With questions except the types mentioned above.

Have you got any money? Did he catch any fish?

5. After if/whether & in expressions of doubt.

If you need any more money, please let me know.

I don’t think there is any petrol in the tank.

Exercises

Ex. 1. Put in some or any.

1. Go and ask him for … more paper. I haven’t … in my desk. 2. Have you got … sugar? – I expect we have. Yes, there’s … sugar in this bowl. 3. Shall I help you to … fruit? 4. … people just don’t know how to mind their own business. 5. Were there … objections? 6. I think we’ve run out of sugar. Is there … sugar in that bowl? – No, there isn’t 7. … doctor will tell you that it is harmful for you. 8. What book shall I bring you? – … you like. 9. There aren’t … buses after 12.30. 10. There isn’t … explanation for this.

Ex. 2. Supply the appropriate pronoun out of those given in brackets.

1. You can find him (some, any, no) time between six and nine. 2. Is there (any, no) other choice? 3. He can answer (some, any, no) question on the subject. 4. I can answer now only (some, any, no) questions on the subject. 5. She has a perfect complexion and (some, any) colour becomes her. 6. Can we have (some, any) milk? 7. Is (some, any) additional proof necessary? 8. Will you have (some, any, no) more tea? – Thank you. 9. What material do you need? – (Some, any) that is available. 10. Don’t bother about the colour. You can buy her a blouse of (some, any) colour. 11. If you have (some, any, no) news, call me back. 12. They understood each other without (some, any, no) words.

Ex. 3. Supply some, any or no for the following sentences.

1. I don’t want … money. 2. She helped to borrow … more money. 3. There is hardly … place in this house where we can talk alone. 4. I am … accountant but these figures are wrong. 5. My mother hoped that perhaps the school had … funds to give me a grant. 6. Don’t let us have … nonsense about it. 7. You have … fine flowers in your garden. 8. He wants … more pudding. You can take it away. 9. … time ago I read his story in a magazine. 10. I don’t think there is … milk left in the jug.

Ex. 4. Fill in the blanks with some, any, no making the appropriate compounds if necessary.

1. Is there … here who speaks English? 2. Do you have … idea where I can borrow … money there? 3. … tells me you have got bad news for me. 4. He had … idea what to do next. 5. I am sorry, but the practical experience shows that his work is of … value. 6. Our professor wanted to make up … exercises to teach the pupils how to use a dictionary. 7. I am sorry but there is … message for you. 8. Hardly … understood what he meant. 9. I can’t find my glasses …. 10. If there is … message for me, please send it to me. 11. I don’t know … about it. He said … about it in his last letter. 12. He is Mr. Know-All. He can give you … information you need. 13. Where can I find … here who can give me … advice on this question? 14. I don’t like that every evening you go …. 15. We didn’t think he’d succeed, but he managed ….

Ex. 5. Choose between no one and none to use it in the following sentences.

1. I invited all of them but … has come. 2. … of us is perfect; we all make mistakes. 3. … of us knew how ill she was. 4. That is … of your business. 5. … had anything to gain by his death. 6. He could find … in the village who could tell him what had gone wrong. 7. … was able to understand what he meant. 8. We had … to give us accurate information. 9. Philip slowly mounted the stairs. … of his family was yet up. 10. … answered his question, silence fell in the room. 11. … of the new men have been able to pass the test. 12. … of us were sure of the facts.

Ex. 6. Translate into English.

1. Дайте мне хлеба. 2. Налейте мне воды. 3. Хотите кофе? 4. У вас есть какие-нибудь интересные английские книги? 5. Любой студент знает это. 6. Возьмите любую книгу. 7. В ящике около доски есть мел? 8. Нет смысла волноваться об этом. 9. У меня нет чая, но есть кофе. 10. У нас здесь нет рек, но есть несколько озер. 11. Я хочу прочесть газеты, у тебя есть какие-нибудь газеты? 12. Никто из вас не знает, как много он работал в молодости.

Ex. 7. Complete the following sentences by choosing no/every + body/thing/where.

1. … wanted to help me & I was thankful to them. 2. I could find this book … & was very disappointed. 3. There was … strange in his behavior. 4. The weather was nice & there were many people …. 5. … could do this for you. 6. … looks so nice under the shining moon & stars. 7. I was looking for him …, but all was in vain. 8. … except Ann enjoyed the party. 9. … tells me anything. 10. … was tired & went to bed early. 11. Is … clear to you? – I am sorry, but I understand …. 12. When I came home there was … there. 13. He who praises … praises …. 14. What did you say? – …. 15. I’ve lost my keys. I’ve looked … for them.

Ex. 8. Supply anybody/anyone, nothing, anything, nobody/no one, somebody/ someone or something, somewhere, anywhere, nowhere.

1. I want to tell you …. 2. Is there … in the basket? – No, it’s empty. 3. Can … translate these sentences? 4. I’ve prepared … for dinner which you’ll like very much. 5. The town was still the same when I returned. … has changed. 6. Would you like … to start before you order the main course? 7. I know … who can help you. 8. I’m sure … has taken your bag. 9. Is there … here who can speak Japanese? 10. There was … in the room. It was dark. 11. They slept in the park because they didn’t have … to stay. 12. At the party you’ll see … you haven’t met yet. 13. He left without saying … to … . 14. Charlie had never seen … like that place except in films. 15. I think there is … wrong with my watch. 16. There is “No parking” area. … who parks their car here will be fined. 17. The door-bell rang but there was … there.

Ex. 9. Translate the sentences into English.

1. Я хочу вам что-то сказать. 2. Дайте мне что-нибудь почитать. 3. Он что-то знает об этом. 4. Я ничего вам не могу сказать об этом. 5. На столе ничего нет. 6. Кто-то оставил вам сообщение. 6. Вряд ли есть что-нибудь, чего он не видел. 7. Я ничего не могу вам сказать. Спросите кого-нибудь еще. 8. Не хотите ли еще пирога? – Спасибо, но я больше не хочу. 9. В комнате кто-то есть. 10. Есть здесь кто-нибудь? 11. Еще немного кофе? 12. Если кто-нибудь позвонит в дверь, впустите его. 13. Мы сделали несколько фотографий, но ни одна из них не удалась (be good). 14. Я нигде не могу найти свои часы.

Ex. 10. Fill in the blanks with any, every or corresponding compound pronouns.

1. It was a small village where … could tell you … about …. 2. He goes there … day. You can find him at … time between 10 & 12. 3. She told you … she could. There is hardly … to add. 4. With your complexion you can buy a blouse of … colour. 5. … is here. You can ask …. 6. Has … forgotten to sign his name in the list? 7. … who has lost his credit card must declare about it immediately. 8. There was a dead silence. … was listening to the speaker. 9. You needn’t explain … else. … understood …. 10. … knows what to do.

Ex. 11. Complete the sentences with every or each.

1. There is a train to London … 10 minutes. 2. The Olympic Games are held … 4 yeas. 3. … apartment in this building has a balcony. 4. Car seat belts save lives. … driver should wear one. 5. We had a wonderful trip. I enjoyed … minute of it. 6. Those peaches cost 40 pence …. 7. There are old houses on … side of the street. 8. … of us received a ticket to the theatre. 9. I’ve seen all of Mel Gibson’s films & I like … one of them. 10. It was the twins’ birthday yesterday. I gave a present to … (one) of them. 11. She bought … of her friends a souvenir from London. 12. Almost … T-shirt she owns is a designer label. 13. I told them what … was to do in case of emergency. 14. For years I thought I remembered … detail of that day. 15. … orange in a box was wrapped in tissue paper. 16. The explosion broke … window in the street. 17. He had … reason to believe that he was right. 18. … of the 10 houses in the row had a garden. 19. Milk is delivered … other day. 20. … effort is being made to minimize civilian casualties. 21. … child wants to visit Disneyland. 22. … witness was questioned in turn. 23. They … have a comfortable flat. 24. You can come here … day. 25. … of us would be happy to help you. 26. … patient wants to be healthy. 27. Planes fly to St. Petersburg … hour. 28. The performance was a success. … place was taken. 29. This book is divided into 20 units & … of them has a different title. 30. … passenger must fasten the belt when the plane takes off or lands.

Ex. 12. Translate the words given in brackets into English.

1. When you run, (каждая) foot leaves the ground before (другая) comes down. 2. They are so happy together. They are made for (друг для друга). 3. We (каждый из нас) wanted a room with a balcony, so we tossed a coin to decide. 4. You actually like modern jazz, don’t you? (Каждому своё). 5. The police want to interview (каждого) employee about the theft. 6. The show will be broadcast (каждое утро по будням) between 9 & 10. 7. We are open (каждый день) except Sunday. 8. That salmon was very expensive, so make sure you’ll eat up (всё полностью). 9. I don’t need to go to the office (каждый) day. As I have a pat-time job I go there (через день). 10. You had (все) opportunity to make a choice. 11. This movie is (во всех отношениях) a masterpiece of cinematography. 12. She has (все основания) to be proud of her son’s achievements. 13. (Каждый из нас) realized that the situation was really very dangerous. 14. I’ll send (каждому из вас) some seeds in the autumn. 15. She is such a fascinating lecturer-I was hanging on to her (каждое слово).

Ex. 13. Translate into English.

1. Кто-то оставил дверь открытой. 2. Не спрашивай его. Он ничего не знает об этом. 3. Ничего нельзя сделать в этой ситуации. 4. Вчера все присутствовали на лекции? 5. Это лёгкий текст. Любой может его перевести. 6. Мне не нравится здесь. Пойдём куда-нибудь ещё. 7. Любой из нас мог помочь тебе. Почему ты ничего не сказал? 8. Если что-нибудь случится, это не моя вина. 9. Преступник нигде не может скрыться, никто и ничто не поможет ему. 10. Если кто-нибудь позвонит, я буду дома в 8. 11. Мы отказались что-либо делать. 12. Было что-то странное в этом человеке. 13. Сегодня есть что-нибудь интересное в газетах?