
- •Часть I
- •3. Глагол to have (The Verb to have)
- •4. Множественное число существительных (Plural of Nouns)
- •Запомните особые случаи образования множественного числа существительных.
- •Text a. Learning Foreign Languages
- •Vocabulary
- •Text b. Handicapped people do useful work
- •Vocabulary
- •I. Read the text and do the tasks after it.
- •Text c. A person who happens to be blind
- •Vocabulary
- •Text d. About Poverty Level
- •About myself and my family
- •Vocabulary
- •Text. About Myself and My Family
- •I. Read the text ‘About Myself and My Family’ and answer the questions.
- •4. What sign was your mother ( father ) born under?
- •2. Неопределенные и отрицательные местоимения (Indefinite and Negative Pronouns)
- •Much, many, little, few
- •3. Indefinite (Simple) Tenses
- •Text a. Education in the Russian Federation
- •Vocabulary
- •Text b. Schooling in the United Kingdom
- •Vocabulary
- •Text c. University Education in Great Britain
- •Text d. Oxford
- •Britain’s Universities
- •Higher Education in Great Britain
- •Tula State University
- •Vocabulary
- •Text. Tula State University
- •2. Future Indefinite (Future Simple) Tense. Active Voice
- •4. Числительные (Numerals)
- •Хронологические даты
- •Text a. American teenagers and their free time
- •Text b. Leisure-time activities
- •My working day
- •My working day
- •1. Повелительное наклонение (Imperative Mood)
- •2. Местоимение it (The Pronoun it)
- •3. Словообразование. Приставки dis-, un-, in- (Word-building. Prefixes dis-, un-, in-)
- •4. Времена группы Indefinite (повторение) (Indefinite Tenses. Revision )
- •Text a. The Use of leisure
- •Vocabulary
- •Text b. Culture, Leisure, Entertainment, Sports
- •Text c. Holidays and Festivals
- •Text d. What are young people doing at Christmas ?
- •Vocabulary
- •Leisure activities and skills
- •The Weekend
- •Hobbies
- •Peter’s hobby
- •At the Supermarket
- •Discover the secret You
- •Запомните :
- •2. Функции that (The Functions of that)
- •(Word-building. The suffixes of nouns)
- •Text a. Your visit to england
- •Past Perfect Tense. Future Perfect Tense
- •(Word –building. The prefix re-)
- •Text a. Once again about Ozone Holes
- •Vocabulary
- •1. Времена группы Continuous. (Continuous Tenses. Продолженные времена)
- •2. Словообразование. Суффиксы прилагательных (Word-building. The suffixes of adjectives)
- •- Able, - ible
- •Text a. He Started Britain’s Railways
- •Vocabulary
- •Text b.
- •Text c. Inventors and Their Inventions
- •The Progress of Science
- •Vocabulary
- •Science
- •Passive Voice
- •1. Сказуемое в Passive Voice переводится:
- •(Word-building. The suffixes of verbs)
- •Text a. Science and Technology
- •Vocabulary
- •Text b. The telegraph
- •Text c. Thomas alva edison (1847 - 1931)
- •Vocabulary
- •Text d. Coming Events
- •Great Scientists
- •Mikhail Lomonosov
- •Roentgen
- •Tsiolkovsky - Founder of Austronautics
- •The Scientists and the Watches
- •1. Модальные глаголы и их заменители (Modal Verbs and Their Equivalents) Can be able to
- •2. Многофункциональность глаголов to be, to have to be
- •Text a. British Economy
- •Vocabulary
- •Экономика Великобритании
- •Text c. The Subject of the Science of Economics
- •Text d. Single Currency Not in Circulation Before 2002
- •On Economics
- •Text. Us Economy
- •Экономика сша
- •Talking Business
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 10
- •1. Sequence of Tenses (Согласование времен)
- •2. Direct and Indirect Speech
- •1) При переводе предложения из прямой речи в косвенную, соблюдаются все правила последовательности времен.
- •Text a. Information Age: For and Against
- •Vocabulary
- •Text b. Computer System
- •Vocabulary
- •Text c. A message from the President
- •Text d. Hard Disk Troubles
- •Introduction
- •Text e. The new way of looking at things: MultiSync' monitors
- •I wonder …
- •Let’s dream of ai (Artificial Intelligence) Artificial intelligence
- •Input Eliza
- •It's my girlfriend. So, you're worried about your girlfriend.
- •I'm a bit upset. Why do you feel upset?
Text d. Hard Disk Troubles
Introduction
Be prepared and don't panic: Many errors are not fatal; you just have to know how to deal with them.
By Neil Randall
Of all the problems a PC can have, none is more frightening than a hard disk error. The problem could be as easy to deal with as a few bad sectors or a loose power connector, but whenever we see anything wrong with hard disk operation, our minds conjur up the horrifying phrase "disk crash”.
After all, most of us don't back up our data as often as we should, so a full disk crash could result in permanent losses. Even those who do regular backups will usually have to buy and install a new disk and then figure out the backup software's restore procedure. At the very least, it's a time-consuming and stressful procedure, and Murphy's Law ensures that these things happen only when. deadlines loom and stores are closed.
Hard disks break down for the same reason cars or refrigerators break down: They're mechanical, and mechanical items are susceptible to physical problems. But hard disk failures can be more alarming, because they're more mysterious.
First let's examine hard disk construction and operation. A hard disk comes packaged in an airtight container. This container prevents contaminants such as dirt, liquid, dust particles, and hair from coming in contact with the disk's platters, which are sealed inside. The platters themselves are composed of a substrate and a magnetic medium. The substrate, the platter's base material, is either aluminium or (more common today) glass or ceramic. The substrate material must be nonmagnetic and capable of being machined to a smooth finish.
To allow data storage, both sides of each platter are coated with a magnetic medium, formerly magnetic oxide but now almost exclusively a layer of metal called a thin-film medium. The thin-film medium stores data in magnetic patterns, with each platter capable of storing a billion or so bits per square inch (bpsi) of platter surface. To record and retrieve data, the hard disk assembly contains read/write heads. Each platter surface (top and bottom) typically has a corresponding R/W head, with each R/W head attached to a mechanical arm and all mechanical arms attached to a pivot. With the platters rotating around a spindle and the arms precisely positioning the heads, the entire structure is reminiscent of the good old record players gathering dust in many of our basements.
A main difference is that record turntables play only one of the stacked albums while the rest wait to drop into place, whereas in the hard disk assembly all of the platters are available at all times, and each has its own arms and R/W heads. Another difference is that the turntable's arm has no built-in intelligence; it simply holds the stylus, which is guided by the physical grooves of the album. In a hard disk assembly, the arm swings across the head according to instructions from a precise motor called an actuator; the platter itself does not guide the head. Instead, the actuator moves the R/W heads to the exact physical location of the data requested by the application.
There is yet another difference between record players and hard disks: While the stylus touches the vinyl album, the R/W heads float a few microinches above the platter. On early disks, this distance was 10 microinches or more, but today's R/W heads float at 5 microinches. The heads ride atop the airflow caused by the spinning of the platters, and except for a couple of circumstances, they never come in contact with the platters. If they did, they would damage or even destroy the data where they landed (hence the need for ultrasmooth platters and coatings).
The planned circumstance under which the heads touch the platters occurs when the disk stops spinning-that is, when the disk is powered off. During the spin-down period, the airflow diminishes and then stops completely, and the heads are no longer held off the platters. The unplanned circumstance occurs during a heavy shock of some sort, when the head cuts through the airflow and makes contact with the platter.
Read the text using a dictionary.
Make up short stories to answer the questions below. Use the lists of key words and word combinations.
a) Why are we afraid of a hard disc error? |
to deal with, easy, break down, anything wrong, hard disc operation, crash, to horrify, for one reason or another, mechanical items, data, to be lost, failure, to have no idea of , to happen, to find out. |
b) What is your hard disc like? |
to examine, to prevent from, to be packaged, to come in contact, container, disc’s platters, to be composed, magnetic medium, substrate, to be machined, smooth finish, to store data, to be coated, a thin-film medium capable of storing a billion or so bits per square inch; R/W heard |
c) What’s the difference between old record players and hard discs? |
to be available, assembly all of the platters, arm, build-in intelligence, to be guided by the physical grooves, to swing, according to instructions, to touch, to float, to ride, to damage, to destroy, (un-) planned circumstances |