metodichka_velikobritaniya

There are also some other parties: the Social Democratic Party, the Liberal Democrats. The Green Party, The Communist Party, the National Front, the Scottish National Party and the Welsh National Party.

Exercise 1. Turn the following verbs into nouns denoting the doer of the action.

To support; to vote; to manufacture; to own; to oppose; to believe; to elect; to win; to defend; to direct; to represent; to preside.

Exercise 2. Rearrange the sentences putting the words in the correct word order.

1)The party, the rich, traditionally, is, the Conservative Party, and, supported, privileged, by.

2)Today, representation, almost, parliamentary, insignificant, and, the Liberal Party, the membership, is, of.

3)A victory, was, at the beginning, the Labour Party, of, the formation, of, movement, the century, of, the labour.

4)Extremely, the Labour, the difference, policies, between, and, to tell, it’s, the Conservative, difficult.

5)To be, the major, parties, activists, members, tend, party, in, of, political, each, hard-working.

Exercise 3. Answer the following questions.

1)What are the dominant parties in modern Britain?

2)What is the difference between the two main political parties?

3)What do you know about the activities of the Green Party in Britain?

4)What is the role of the Liberal Party?

5)What is the ruling party in Great Britain now?

Exercise 4. Imagine that you are a reporter of the Russian newspaper “Izvestija”. Interview the Conservative party member (the Labour party member) on the aims of their national and local policies.

Exercise 5. Translate into English.

Политическая партия в Великобритании – это организация людей, разделяющих одинаковые взгляды на методы управления страной и пытающихся добиться власти, чтобы воплотить эти взгляды в реальность. Цель любой британской политической партии состоит в том, чтобы добиться избрания как можно большего числа своих кандидатов в парламент, поскольку партия, добившаяся большинства, формирует правительство. Из 650 кандидатов, прошедших в парламент, несколько человек войдет в правительство, а остальные будут заседать в парламентских комитетах. Премьер-министром становится лидер победившей на выборах партии. Таким образом, в Великобритании на выборах большее значение приобретает политика, и меньшее – обаятельность кандидатов – в отличие, скажем, от Америки.

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Exercise 6.Role play.

Work in two groups, one - acting MPs supporting the bills to be introduced the other – rejecting it. Discuss all pros and cons of the bills given below, and give your arguments:

UNIT III.

Economic Outline of the UK.

Read and translate.

Text A.

The UK is a highly-developed country. It lives by manufacture and trade. For every person employed in agriculture eleven people are employed in mining, manufacturing and building. The United Kingdom is one of the world’s largest exporters of manufactured goods per head of population.

Apart from coal and iron ore Britain has very few natural resources and mostly depends on imports. Its agriculture provides only half of the food it needs. The other half and most of the raw materials for its industries such as oil and various metals (copper, zinc, uranium ore and others) have to be imported. Britain also has to import timber, cotton, fruit and farm products.

Britain used to be richly forested, but most of the forests were cut down to make more room for cultivation. The greater part of land is used for cattle and sheep breeding, and pig raising. Among the crops grown on the farms are wheat, barley and oats. The fields are mainly in the eastern part of the country.

In the past century Britain secured a leading position in the world as manufacturer, merchant and banker. After World War I the world demand for products of Britain’s traditional industries - textiles, coal and machinery - fell off, and Britain began expanding trade in new engineering products and electrical goods.

The crisis of 1929-1933 brought about mass unemployment and Britain’s share in the world industrial output decreased. World War II brought about a further weakening of Britain’s might. It has lost its colonies which used to supply it with cheap raw materials.

The original basis of British industry was coal-mining, and the early factories grew up not far from the main mining areas. Glasgow and Newcastle became great centers of engineering and shipbuilding. Lancashire produced cotton goods and Yorkshire woolen, with Sheffield concentrating on iron and steel. Birmingham developed light engineering.

The structure of industry changed substantially in the last half of the 20th century. As coal production declined, oil production replaced it as a major industry. Motor vehicle production became a significant part of the industrial base. British

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industrial production also expanded into communications equipment, including fiber optics, computers, computer-controlled machine tools, and robots.

The so-called Silicon Glen between Glasgow and Edinburgh is the site of many overseas computer firms. Scotland and Northern Ireland are still noted for their production of whiskey and textiles, especially linen from Northern Ireland and tweed from Scotland.

Nowadays Britain remains an important manufacturing country. Britain mostly produces articles requiring skilled labour, such as precision instruments, electronic equipment, chemicals and high quality consumer goods. It produces and exports cotton and woolen goods, leather goods and articles made of various kinds of synthetic (man-made) materials. The leading traditional manufacturing regions of England are Greater London and the cities and regions around Manchester, Birmingham, Leeds, and Newcastle upon Tyne.

Britain has a large and sophisticated service sector. The service industries include finance, retailing, wholesaling, tourism, business services, transport, insurance, investment, advertising, public relations, market research, education, administration, and government and professional services. Telecommunications has become a dynamic growth industry, particularly with telex, facsimile, and e-mail communications.

Exercise 1.Give the Russian equivalents of the following.

Employ, be employed in industry (agriculture), mining, building, trade, manufactured goods, per head of population, apart from, raw materials, provide, timber, used to be, used to do smth., cattle and sheep breeding, demand, bring about, unemployment, share, articles, precision instruments, high quality consumer goods, retailing, wholesaling, insurance, advertising, public relations, government, particularly.

Exercise 2. Find in the text the English equivalents of the following.

Обрабатывающая промышленность, горно-добывающая промышленность, торговля, промышленные товары, строевой лес, крупный рогатый скот, сельскохозяйственная культура, пшеница, ячмень, овес, торговец, изделия текстильной промышленности, квалифицированный труд, сырье, кожа, обслуживающие отрасли промышленности, зарубежные фирмы.

Exercise 3. Complete the following sentences using the right words:

1)Great Britain is rich in ... (oil, gold, copper, silver, iron ore, zinc, coal).

2)Great Britain has to import ... (coal, agricultural products, electrical goods, chemicals, electronic equipment, oil, various metals, food products, cotton, timber, tobacco, wheat, fruit).

3)When the world demand for the products of Britain’s main industries-textiles, coal, machinery-decreased, it began seeking compensation in new engineering products, such as ... (cars, atomic power reactors, electrical goods, electronic equipment).

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4)It is characteristic of Britain’s industry to produce ... (semi-finished goods, cheap articles, raw materials, high quality expensive goods, articles requiring skilled labour, precision instrument, electronic equipment).

5)The main products of Britain’s industry are ... (precision instruments, high quality consumer goods, electronic equipment, chemicals, textiles, ready-made clothing, manufactured goods, petrol).

6)A great number of new industries were added to the traditional ones such as ...

(the aircraft industry, the textile industry, the electronic industry, the shipbuilding industry, the automobile industry, mining, engineering).

7)The main crops grown in Britain are ... (flax, cotton, wheat, barley, tobacco, vats).

8)In Britain they breed ... (cattle, horses, sheep, pigs, goats, deer, rabbits).

Exercise 4. Answer the questions.

1)What does the UK live by?

2)What does Great Britain export?

3)What raw materials does Great Britain import?

4)What did the crisis of 1929-1933 bring about?

5)When did Great Britain lose its colonies?

6)How did the structure of industry change in the last half of the 20th century?

7)What are Scotland and Northern Ireland noted for?

8)What are the main industrial articles produced by British industry?

9)Could you enumerate main British industries?

10)What areas does the service sector include?

Exercise 5. Translate into English.

Великобритания имеет высокоразвитую промышленность. Большая часть ее населения занята в промышленности, и только небольшая часть - только 8% населения - занимается сельским хозяйством. В Великобритании не много полезных ископаемых и ей приходится ввозить сырье из других стран.

Характерной чертой Британской промышленности является производство товаров высокого качества, требующих квалифицированного труда. Традиционными отраслями английской промышленности являются машиностроение, текстильная, судостроительная и угольная промышленность. Однако после первой мировой войны спрос на продукцию традиционных отраслей промышленности сократился, и Великобритания начала развивать новые отрасли промышленности, такие как химическая, авиационная, автомобильная и др.

Exercise 6. Suppose you are to give a lecture on the current state of British

economy. Here are some phrases to introduce the subject of your lecture:

I will concern myself with...

I will try to outline briefly some recent data on...

This is an attempt to introduce you to the...

I will speak about...

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Exercise 7. Role play.

The group of students is divided into two teams. The first one represents businessmen from England, Wales and Scotland. The other one – journalists from Russia. They are interviewing the businessmen about the industries developed in their countries.

Text B.

Read and translate

Dialogue.

This is the dialogue between Anna Smirnova, a Russian teacher of English, and Bernard Law, a London University lecturer. Anna is leaving London for Edinburgh next Saturday morning.

But most of the goods are transported to London and then distributed to different parts of the world.

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A.: Bernard, you’ve mentioned Coventry as one of the industrial cities of Midland and I’d love to do the sights of this town to tell my friends about this Volgograd’s twin city.

B.: I have never heard about it. How interesting! What do they have in common? A.: Don’t you know? Both Volgograd and Coventry were badly destroyed during

World War II. Nowadays these cities exchange delegations and their contribution to Russian-British cooperation is appreciable.

B.: Then you should try to visit this city. I suggest you should spend at least a few hours in Coventry and see the Cathedral.

A.: I certainly will. Oh, I’m afraid I’ve taken up too much of your time. Thank you very much. I really appreciate your help.

B.: My pleasure. Enjoy your stay in Britain.

Exercise 1. Match English world with their Russian equivalents:

Exercise 3. Answer the questions.

1)What are the biggest industrial centres of the U. K.?

2)What are chief industries of the country?

3)What articles are manufactured in the Black Country?

4)Name the greatest ports and shipbuilding centres of Britain.

5)What cities are British textile centres?

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6)What English city is the twin town of Volgograd?

7)What is Liverpool famous for?

8)What are the main English ports?

Exercise 4. Enumerate the main industries developed in your city.

Exercise 5. Learn the dialogue by heart and act it out.

Exercise 7. Role play involving the whole group.

Imagine that some of you are British students from London, Liverpool, Manchester, Birmingham, Sheffield, Leeds and the other are students from Volgograd. Discuss the industrial potential of the cities you come from.

UNIT IV.

LONDON

Read and translate.

Text A.

London is one of the most exciting and cosmopolitan cities in the world. To some – it is simply home, a place to live and work in, while to others who only visit – it means a city of history and culture, full of museums, galleries and historic buildings. But both visitors and residents appreciate its rich heritage, its fine architecture and amazing diversity of cultures. London’s most famous sights range from the historic Tower of London and the Changing of the Guard at Buckingham Palace to the everyday views with its black cabs and red double-decker buses.

The heart of London is the City, the oldest area, which is rich in historic traditions. Today it is well known as one of the world’s leading financial and commercial centres, where all the major British and foreign banks and finance houses are represented.

The Tower of London comes first among the historic buildings of the City. If you want to get some glimpses of London it’s just from here that you had better start sightseeing. The Tower of London was founded by Julius Caesar and rebuilt in1066 by William the Conqueror. The Tower served as fortress, palace and state prison. Its history is associated with the place of murder and execution. Now it is a museum of armour and attracts thousand of visitors. The large black ravens have a long association with the Tower; it is believed that if they ever disappear England will fall and that ill-fortune will befall anyone who harms them. Consequently they are very well cared for.

A twenty minutes walk from the Tower will take you to another historic building – St. Paul’s Cathedral, the greatest of English churches. It was built by a famous English architect Sir Christopher Wren, who spent 35 years of his life supervising every part of its construction. St. Paul’s Cathedral with its huge dome and

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rows of columns is considered to be a fine specimen of Renaissance architecture. Nelson and other great men of England are buried in the Cathedral.

Not far away, in Westminster another important part of London where most of the Government buildings are situated is Westminster Abbey. Many outstanding English statesmen, painters and poets with Newton, Darwin and Tennyson among them are buried here. Westminster Abbey has been the coronation place of all 39 English Kings and Queens since William the Conqueror in 1066.

Across the road from Westminster Abbey there is Westminster Palace, the seat of the British Parliament. Its two graceful towers stand high above the city. The higher of the two contains the largest clock in the country and the famous Big Ben. The name actually refers not to the clock tower or the clock itself but to the huge 13,5-ton bell that strikes every quarter of the hour.

If we walk along Whitehall which is not at all a hall but just a street where the chief government offices are to be found, we shall soon come to Trafalgar Square. It was so named in memory of the victory at the battle of Trafalgar, where on October 21, 1805 the English fleet under Nelson’s command defeated the combined fleet of France and Spain. The victory was won at the cost of Nelson’s life. In the middle of Trafalgar Square stands Nelson’s monument – a tall column with the figure of Nelson at its top. The column is guarded by four bronze lions. Nowadays Trafalgar Square is a favourite gathering place for both locals and visitors.

The fine building facing the square is the National Gallery and adjoining it (but just round the corner) is the Portrait Gallery.

Not far away is the British Museum – the biggest museum in London. It contains the priceless collection of different things: ancient manuscripts, coins, sculptures, etc. The British museum is famous for its library – one of the richest in the world.

Buckingham Palace has been the London residence of the Queen since the 18th century. It is around Buckingham Palace and nearby St James’s Palace that London’s most powerful pageantry takes place, where the sights of the daily Changing of the Guard, or the procession of Life Guards riding down the Mall cannot fail to attract attention.

And you cannot leave the city without visiting one more place of interest – Hyde Park (or “the Park” as Londoners call it) with Kensington Gardens adjoining it in the west is the largest in London. When you are walking along its shady avenues, sitting on the grass, admiring its beautiful flowerbeds or watching swans and ducks floating on the ponds, it seems almost unbelievable that all around there is a large city with its heavy traffic and smoke.

Exercise 1. Find English equivalents of the following.

Завоеватель, наследство, разнообразие, пышное зрелище, смена караула, ценою жизни, купол, достопримечательности, местные жители, казнь, несчастье, ворон, образец, невероятный, древний, торговый, изящный, примыкающий, восхищаться, привлекать внимание, хоронить, высоко ценить, исчезать, наносить поражение, причинять вред, приключаться.

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Exercise 2. Answer the questions.

1)What is London famous for?

2)What's the City? Where is it situated?

3)What building is considered to be one of the oldest in London?

4)Who was the Tower of London founded by?

5)What beliefs are associated with the Tower?

6)Do you know the famous Englishmen who are buried in St. Paul’s Cathedral?

7)In what part of London are the most important Government buildings situated?

8)Which street leads to Trafalgar Square?

9)How is Admiral Nelson’s victory commemorated?

10)Where is the National Gallery situated?

11)Why does Buckingham Palace attract so much attention?

12)What kind of museum is the British Museum?

13)Why are Londoners proud of their parks?

Exercise 3. Describe the most fascinating place in London.

Exercise 4. Fill in prepositions.

Scotland Yard is the headquarters ... the Metropolitan Police ... London ... most people, its name immediately brings ... mind the picture ... a detective - cool, collected, efficient, ready to track down any criminal.

Scotland Yard is situated ... the Thames Embankment close ... the Houses ...

Parliament and the familiar clock tower ... Big Ben. The name ‘‘Scotland Yard’’ originates ... the plot ... land adjoining Whitehall Palace where, ... about the 14th century, the royalty and nobility ... Scotland stayed when visiting the English Court. The popular nickname ... the London policeman ‘‘bobby’’ is a tribute ... Sir Robert Peel, who introduced the police force ... 1829, and whose Christian name attached itself ... members ... the force.

Exercise 5. Translate from Russian into English.

A.1) Лондон – один из самых больших и интересных городов мира. 2) В Лондоне и его пригородах проживают около 8 миллионов человек. 3) Западная часть Лондона – самая богатая часть города с прекрасными проспектами, фешенебельными магазинами, ресторанами и отелями. 4) Лондон известен своими архитектурными памятниками и бесценными коллекциями произведений искусства. 5) Букингемский дворец – Лондонская резиденция королевской семьи. 6) Смена караула у ворот Букингемского дворца – пышное зрелище, привлекающее внимание не только туристов, но и жителей Лондона. 7) Собор Святого Павла – прекрасный образец архитектуры эпохи Возрождения. 8) Биг Бен – это название колокола на одной из башен Британского парламента. 9). В течение многих столетий Тауэр был крепостью, дворцом, тюрьмой и королевской сокровищницей. 10) В Гайдпарке туристы могут прогуляться вдоль тенистых аллей, посидеть на траве и посмотреть на прекрасных лебедей и уток, плавающих в пруду.

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B.1).В самом центре Сити, напротив главного банка Англии, стоит статуя Веллингтона - знаменитого английского генерала и государственного деятеля XIX в. Под его командованием английские войска совместно со своими союзниками (allies) нанесли поражение армии Наполеона под Ватерлоо в 1815г. Мост Ватерлоо, один из красивейших мостов через Темзу, был назван так в честь этой победы. 2). Мэлл (The Mall) - это широкий проспект, обсаженный деревьями, ведущий от Трафальгарской площади к Букингемскому дворцу - резиденции английских королей. Напротив дворца стоит огромный памятник со статуей Победы наверху. Этот памятник был воздвигнут в честь королевы Виктории, чье шестидесятичетырехлетнее царствование (reign) было самым продолжительном в истории (1837-1901).

Text B. Sightseeing.

-Is it possible to see anything of London in one or two days?- Well, yes, but of course not half enough.

- What do you think I ought to see first?

- Well, if you are interested in churches and historic places, you should go to Westminster Abby, the Houses of Parliament, St. Paul’s Cathedral and the Tower. Do you like art galleries?

- Rather!

- Then, why not go to the National Gallery?

- I’m told one ought to see the British Museum. Do you think I shall have time for that?

- Well you might, but if I were you I should leave that for some other day. You could spend a whole day there. It’s much too big to be seen in an hour or so.

- I suppose it is. What about going to the Zoo?

-That’s not a bad idea. You could spend a couple of hours there comfortably or even a whole afternoon, watching the wild animals, birds and reptiles.

- Perhaps I’ll do that. How do I get there?

- Let me see… I think your best way from here is to walk across Regent’s

Park.

- Is it much of a walk?

- Oh, no a quarter of an hour or so, but if you are in a hurry, why not take a

taxi?

- I think I will. Oh, here’s one coming. Taxi! The Zoo, please.

Exercise 1. Learn Text B by heart and recite it in pairs.

Exercise 2. Imagine the situation when you are in London on a tour. Ask a passer-by to recommend you the most interesting places to visit.

Exercise 3. Translate into English and reproduce it.

Have you ever been to London?

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