Учебно-методическое пособие НЕЛИЧНЫЕ ФОРМЫ ГЛАГОЛА по английскому языку. 2 курс

NB: Если глаголы to see и to hear употребляются в значении «знать», «понимать», а не в значении глаголов чувственного восприятия, то за ними следует придаточное дополнительное предложение, а не конструкция с инфи-

EXERCISES

Exercise 15.Translate the following sentences paying special attention to the use of Complex Object.

1. We knew him to be very talented. 2. I want you to attend classes regularly. 3. I saw him enter the classroom. 4. I heard him speak at the conference. 5. Let me think about it. 6. Do you want me to show you my homework? 7. I don’t like you to say such things.8. The doctor wants his assistants to help him. 9. Scientists consider this theory to be highly original. 10. The doctors acknowledge their prognosis for recovery to be over-optimistic. 11. Why don’t you make her pay more attention to her studies?

Exercise16. Replace the following sentences by simple sentence with the Infinitive construction.

Model: I looked out of the window. He crossed the street. I saw him cross the street.

1. He is a famous scientist. I know him. 2. I’ll stay at home and do my home assignment. My mother said so. 3. The surgeon ordered that. The instruments should be sterilized immediately. 4. Nobody expected that. The dog recovered so fast. 5. I heard them. They discussed new methods of treatment. 6. The patient saw the doctor. The doctor entered the ward. 7. He felt the pain. The pain increased. 8. The students watched the nurse. The nurse gave an injection.

Exercise 17. Practice the following according to the model:

Model: A: Do you want to make a speech?

B: No, I want you to make a speech.

Do you want to …

1. speak first? 2. attend the conference? 3. make a report? 4. to go to the farm? 5. work at the veterinary clinic? 6. answer the question? 7. examine the sick ani-

11

mal ? 8. work as a volunteer at the animal shelter? 9. go to the library? 10. do this exercise? 11. diagnose the disease? 12. compare the results? 13. administer medicine? 14. explain the problem in detail?

Exercise 18. Pay attention to the translation of different forms of the Infinitive as part of the Complex Object:

1.I know this surgeon to perform operations successfully.

Язнаю, что этот хирург проводит операции успешно.

2.I know this surgeon to have performed operations successfully.

Язнаю, что этот хирург провел операции успешно.

3.I know this patient to be operated on at our clinic.

Язнаю, что этот больной оперируется в нашей клинике.

4.I know this patient to have been operated on in our clinic.

Язнаю, что этот больной был прооперирован в нашей клинике.

Exercise 19. Translate the sentences from English into Russian:

1. I know this disease to be very infectious. 2. I know this disease to have been diagnosed in this region earlier. 3. I consider this problem to be very important. 4. I consider this problem to have been thoroughly investigated at the previous conference. 5. I consider this method of treatment to be very effective. 6. I consider this method of treatment to have been very effective over the last decade.

Exercise 20. Fill in the blanks with the suitable verbs. List of verbs is given below (you can use one verb twice):

permit, make, allow, want, consider

1. I … you to explain the following phenomena. 2. This observations … us to draw some conclusions on the pathogenesis of the disease. 3. His physician didn’t … him to work until January. 4. We … this method to be very interesting. 5. The doctor …us stay in the hospital for two more days. 6. These facts … us reconsider the results of our experiment.

Exercise 21. Translate from Russian into English, using the Complex Object.

1. Я бы хотел, чтобы вы проанализировали результаты. 2. Профессор разрешил, чтобы вы провели операцию. 3. Они считают, что это оборудование надежно (reliable). 4. Эти результаты заставляют нас предположить, что болезнь излечима (curable). 5. Никто не ожидал, что это случится. 6. Не заставляйте меня делать эту работу.

Exercise 22. Translate from Russian into English using the phrases: to let smb do smth - позволить

to make smb do sth -заставить

1. Врачи не разрешают ему выходить на улицу. 2. Пусть они напишут контрольную работу еще раз. 3. Не разрешайте животному много пить. 4. Заставляйте его делать упражнения каждый день.5. Дайте мне знать, когда она

12

придет. 6. Отпустите его. 7. Он заставил нас сделать работу снова. 8. Не смешите меня. 9. Я не могу заставить его бросить курить. 10. Заставь его выпить лекарство.

Exercise 23. Translate from English into Russian. Find the Complex Object. Define the form of the Infinitive.

1. I expected my sister to be operated as soon as her temperature returned to normal. 2. The physician wanted my mother to follow a bed regimen for several days. 3. The physician thought the intensity of the shadow in the lung to decrease after the treatment. 4. The cardiologist considered the electrocardiogram waves to have changed after the heart attack.

Exercise 24. Use the Complex Object instead of the subordinate clause.

1. The surgeon believed that the patient would recover soon after the operation. 2. Everybody thought that the initial diagnosis would be confirmed by laboratory tests. 3. We didn’t expect that the patient would develop complications in his lungs. 4. Doctors consider that the loss of weight is one of the typical signs of pulmonary tuberculosis. 5. Veterinarians determined that the primary focus of infection had been eliminated. 6. We didn’t believe that this medicine would have any side effects. 7. Doctors expected that disturbances in blood circulation would be eliminated.

Exercise 25. Find the Complex Object. Define the forms of the Infinitive. Translate the sentences.

1. The physician considered the incidence of heart attacks to be associated with the nervous system. 3. The doctor wants me to have undergone the course of treatment by the end of the week. 4. We noticed the most characteristic symptoms of rheumatic endocarditis have been eliminated since the administration of those drugs.

Exercise 26. Translate from Russian into English using the Complex Object.

1. Я никогда не видел, как он проводит операцию. 2. Я считаю его наиболее известным ученым в этой области. 3. Мы не ожидали, что температура будет такой высокой. 4. Ветеринар разрешил своим ассистентам провести осмотр пациента. 5. Я никогда не слышал, как он говорит по-английски 6. Хирург заявил, что рана у собаки легкая.

СУБЪЕКТНЫЙ ИНФИНИТИВНЫЙ ОБОРОТ (СЛОЖНОЕ ПОДЛЕЖАЩЕЕ)

/THE SUBJECTIVE INFINITIVE CONSTRUCTION

Субъектный инфинитивный оборот – это конструкция, в которой инфинитив находится в предикативных отношениях с существительным в общем падеже и местоимением в именительном падеже.

13

Laser is known to be used in medicine. Известно, что лазер используется в

Особенность этой конструкции заключается в том, что, строго говоря, она не является одним членом предложения: один из ее компонентов имеет функцию подлежащего (laser; he), другая ее часть выступает как часть составного глагольного сказуемого (to be used; to live). Тем не менее, широкое распространение получила точка зрения, согласно которой эта конструкция рассматривается как один член предложения – сложное подлежащее. На русский язык данная конструкция, как правило, переводится придаточным дополнительным предложением.

Сложное подлежащее используется со следующей группой глаголов:

NB: Инфинитив в составе конструкции Сложное подлежащее может передавать:

а) действие одновременное с действием глагола-сказуемого:

He is said to live in London.

Говорят, что он живет в Лондоне.

б) длительное действие, одновременное с действием глагола-сказуемого:

The water seems to be boiling.

Кажется, вода кипит.

в) действие, предшествующее действию, выраженному глаголомсказуемым:

They are reported to have accomplished their experiment.

Сообщают, что они закончили свой эксперимент.

Инфинитив в составе конструкции может передавать действие, относящееся к будущему после глагола to expect , а также после выражений to be sure/certain, to be likely:

15

He is expected to give us his answer tomorrow.

Ожидают, что он даст ответ завтра.

We are sure to discuss it at the meeting.

Мы обязательно обсудим это на собрании.

EXERCISES

Exercise 27. Translate from English into Russian paying attention to the Complex Subject.

1. This patient is said to be discharged tomorrow. 2. This doctor is said to be very experienced. 3. He seems to be very tired. 4. He is said to have owned two dogs and a cat. 5. The sick man doesn’t seem to recognize you. 6. He is expected to take his exam tomorrow. 7. She proved to be a good student. 8. He is unlikely to know about possible complications of this disease. 9. He appears to be ill. 10. Farm animals are expected to be vaccinated next week.

Exercise 28. Rephrase the following sentences using the Complex Subject. Model: It seemed that he knew the subject well.

He seemed to know the subject well.

1. It happened that we met in the library. 2. It proved that he was a very experienced doctor. 3. It seems that his report has made a deep impression on us. 4. It appears that this discovery was made in the 19th century. 5. It happened that there was a doctor there at that time. 6. It proved that a book was a great success.

Exercise 29. Rephrase the following sentences using the Complex Subject. Model: It is reported that they have collected samples of deadly viruses.

They are reported to have collected samples of deadly viruses.

1. It is said that this book has been lost. 2. It is believed that he has a big potential as a scientist. 3. It is known that causative agents of this disease have been discovered. 4. It is considered that this Academy is the best in the country. 5. It is expected that many students will attend the conference. 6. It is considered that the results of the experiment are satisfactory. 7. It is expected that they will come to Moscow.8. It is believed that the heart transplant operation has been successful. 8. It is well-known that doctors need effective preventive measures to eliminate virus diseases. 9. It is believed that cardiovascular disease is one of the most important medical problems.

Exercise 30. Read and translate the following sentences.

1.He is supposed to discharge the patient from the hospital.

2.He is supposed to have discharged the patient from the hospital.

3.He is supposed to be discharged from the hospital.

4.He is supposed to have been discharged from the hospital.

16

Exercise 31. Open the brackets using the correct form of the Infinitive.

1. He seems (to read) since morning. 2. He appears (to know) English well. 3. They are supposed (to work) on this problem for the last two months. 4. They seem (to discuss) this problem right now. I can hear their voices. 5. The doctor is supposed (to prescribe) you the right medicine. 6. He seems (to satisfy) with the results of the treatment 7. New medical equipment is believed (to help) scientists solve many important problems. 8. She is expected (to operate) on today. 9. Two other diseases, besides diabetes, appear (to associate) with insulin reception defects. 10. Immunoglobulin proteins are stated (to produce) by the body.

Exercise 32. Translate from Russian into English using the Complex Subject. I- 1. Кажется, он болен. 2. Кажется, он болел. 3. Кажется, они сейчас пользуются словарем. 4.Кажется, студенты поняли это правило. 5.Он, кажется, хорошо ее знает.6. Кажется, ее статья уже опубликована. 7. Кажется, эта задача очень трудная. 8. Оказалось, эта задача очень трудная. 9. Кажется, он уехал на конференцию.

II - 1. Говорят, что он в Москве. 2. Считают, что он один из лучших преподавателей нашей страны. 3. Считают, что он знает этот предмет очень хорошо. 4. Известно, что он опытный хирург. 5. Ожидают, что он примет участие

вконференции. 6. Говорят, что он один из лучших врачей в нашей клинике.

7.Считают, что это изобретение поможет нам в нашей работе. 8. Говорят, что институт инфекционных заболеваний сейчас работает над новой вакциной. 9. Говорят, что операция прошла успешно. 10. Ожидают, что он станет главным хирургом (chief surgeon).

Exercise 33. Point out the Complex Subject and translate the following sentences.

1. On physical examination the liver seemed to be enlarged. 2. The damage to the blood supply was supposed to have been present before the operation. 3. Ulcers are known to have a chronic, cyclic course, with remissions from 6 to 12 months. 4. The patient is thought to suffer from pneumonia. 5. Leukoсytosis is known to develop in inflammation. 6. They seem to study biochemistry. 7. He appears to suffer from tuberculosis. 8. Patients with chronic ulcers are known to complain of an acute pain in the stomach. 9. The pain proved to be sharp on physical exertion. 10. Several drugs are known to be available for treatment of cardiac failures.

Exercise 34. Use a subordinate clause instead of the Complex Subject.

1. Exacerbation (обострение) of ulcers is known to occur in spring and autumn. 2. Renal and splenic infarctions are likely to occur in endocarditis. 3. Brain cortex stimuli are considered to send impulses to the stomach and duodenum (двенадцатиперстнаякишка). 4. Goat’s milk has been proved to be good for eyes. 5. Our data seem to support this theory.

Exercise 35. Use the Complex Subject instead of a subordinate clause.

1. It was reported that the patient had been suffering from the digestion disturbances for several years. 2. It seems that pathologic changes in the gastric mucous

17

membrane are responsible for the development of malignant tumors of the stomach. 3. It was stated that this patient developed anaemia after profuse bleeding caused by perforated ulcer. 4. It is known that environmental factors are of great significance both for animals and humans.

Exercise 36. Change the sentences using the Complex Subject.

1. It is known that spring and autumn are those seasons when patients with ulcer suffer from the recurrence of the disease.2. It is considered that constant fatigue and emaciation contribute to the onset of gastritis. 3. It appeared that characteristic clinical manifestations of the disease were haemorrhage, vomiting and nausea. 4. It is known that hypothermia can be employed in cardiosurgery. 5. The physician observed that patient’s appetite had been improving gradually. 6. It is known that acute appendicitis begins suddenly with sharp pain which is at first felt in epigastrium and then becomes generalized in the abdomen. 7. It is assumed that both mental and physical overstrain affect the normal function of the heart. 8. It is stated that the body produces special immunoglobulin. 9. It is proved that none of antibiotics is successful in killing this virus. 10. It seems that certain precautions are reasonable.

Exercise 37. Translate the sentences paying attention to the translation of the Complex Subject in the relative subordinate clause (typed in bold).

1.A response which is known to follow recognition was obtained.

2.Coronary risk factors are those abnormalities in persons free of coronary heart disease which are known to be associated with significantly increased risk of developing the disease in subsequent years.

3.The hippocampus is an area deep within the brain which is thought to be a

center for emotions and perception of reality.

4.This effect was revealed in subgroups of patients who are known to have had arrhythmia for different lengths of time.

5.Individuals who are thought to be allergic to animal fur were inoculated the animal fur antigen.

Exercise 38. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate form of the Infinitive. Translate the sentences.

1. The patient was known … stool retention accompanied by nausea a month be-

2. Sensitivity to this antibiotic was reported … not only in this animal but in the

3) Preventive vaccination was found … since no cases of hepatitis were diagnosed

4) Skin irritation was revealed … after each parenteral administration of this medication.

a) to occur b) to have occurred c) to have been occurring

FOR-TO-ИНФИНИТИВНАЯ КОНСТРУКЦИЯ/

FOR-TO-INFINITIVE CONSTRUCTION

В этой конструкции инфинитив находится в предикативных отношениях с существительным или местоимением, которым предшествует предлог for. При переводе этой конструкции на русский язык ей соответствует придаточное предложение или инфинитив. For-to-инфинитивная конструкции может выполнять следующие синтаксические функции в предложении.

Exercise 39. Replace the following groups of sentences by the sentence with for-to infinitive construction.

Model: He won’t understand a lecture in English. It’s impossible. It’s impossible for him to understand a lecture in English.

1. She explained everything. It was not difficult. 2. Don’t make mistakes. It’s important. 3. You have to see a doctor. It will be good. 4. She has to do it on time. It’s very important. 5. She met him in the library. It was pleasant. 6. You should eat fruit. It is useful. 7. She had practice on the farm. It was necessary. 8. He passed his exam successfully. It was easy.

Exercise 40. Complete the following sentences by adding for-to- Infinitive Construction.

Model: It’s better (you, stay in bed).

It’s better for you to stay in bed.

1. It’ll be better (she, talk to the Dean). 2. It’s very important (animals, to have enough vitamins). 3. It was good (he, to attend this lecture). 5. It will be easy (you, translate this text). 6. It’s better (he, to see the doctor). 7. It’s useful (patient, to have a rest). 8. It’s harmful (he, to smoke).

Exercise 41. Replace the following pairs of sentences by the sentence with forto- Infinitive Construction.

Model: The problem was very difficult. We couldn’t solve it. The problem was too difficult for us to solve it.

1. The book was boring. I couldn’t read it. 2. The conversation was very interesting. Student didn’t want to leave the classroom. 3. She spoke fast. We didn’t understand her. 4. It was late. I didn’t want to go there. 5. It was cold. She didn’t go to the Academy. 6. It was dark. He couldn’t read.

20