clavien_atlas_of_upper_gastrointestinal_and_hepato-pancreato-biliary_surgery2007-10-01_3540200045_springer
.pdfXXII |
Contributors |
|
|
Marius Keel |
Department of Surgery |
|
University Hospital Zurich |
|
Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland |
Michael L. Kendrick |
Department of Gastroenterologic and General Surgery |
|
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine |
|
200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA |
Yvonne Knoblauch |
Department of Surgery |
|
University Hospital Zurich |
|
Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland |
Wolfram T. Knoefel |
Department of General,Visceral and Thoracic Surgery |
|
University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf |
|
Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany |
|
Current address: |
|
Department of Surgery |
|
University Hospital Düsseldorf |
|
Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany |
Norihiro Kokudo |
Department of Surgery |
|
Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division |
|
University of Tokyo |
|
7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku,Tokyo 113-8655, Japan |
Dimitris P. Korkolis |
Section of Cardiothoracic Surgery |
|
Yale-New Haven Medical Center |
|
100 York Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA |
Lukas Krähenbühl |
Department of Surgery |
|
University Hospital Zurich |
|
Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland |
|
Current address: |
|
Lindenhofspital |
|
Bremgartenstrasse 119, 3012 Bern, Switzerland |
J.E.J. Krige |
Department of Medicine |
|
University of Cape Town Health Sciences Faculty |
|
Groote Schuur Hospital |
|
Observatory, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa |
Asad Kutup |
Department of General,Visceral and Thoracic Surgery |
|
University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf |
|
Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany |
Johan F. Lange |
Department of General Surgery |
|
Erasmus Medical Center |
|
3000 CA Rotterdam,The Netherlands |
Jan Lerut |
Department of Digestive Surgery |
|
Saint-Luc University Clinics |
|
Catholic University of Louvain |
|
Avenue Hippocrate 10, 1200 Brussels, Belgium |
Mickaël Lesurtel |
Department of Surgery |
|
University Hospital Zurich, |
|
Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland |
|
Current address: |
|
Centre de Chirurgie et de Réanimation Digestive |
|
Hôpital Saint Antoine |
|
184, Rue du Fbg Saint Antoine, 75570 Paris Cedex 12, France |
Keith D. Lillemoe |
Department of Surgery |
|
Indiana University School of Medicine |
|
Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA |
Contributors |
XXIII |
|
|
Masatoshi Makuuchi |
Department of Surgery |
|
Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division |
|
University of Tokyo |
|
7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku,Tokyo 113-8655, Japan |
Joseph Mamazza |
Department of Surgery and Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery |
|
St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto |
|
30 Bond Street,Toronto, ON M5B, Canada |
Oliver Mann |
Department of General,Visceral and Thoracic Surgery |
|
University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf |
|
Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany |
Stuart Marcus |
Department of Surgery |
|
New York University School of Medicine |
|
530 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA |
Kathrin Mayer |
Department of Surgery |
|
Davis Medical Center |
|
University of California |
|
2221 Stockton Boulevard, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA |
Lucas McCormack |
Department of Surgery |
|
University Hospital Zurich |
|
Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland |
|
Current address: |
|
Department of Surgery |
|
Hospital Alemán |
|
Av. Pueyrredón 1640, 1118 Buenos Aires, Argentina |
Juan C. Meneu Diaz |
Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery Unit |
|
‘Doce de Octubre Hospital’ |
|
28041 Madrid, Spain |
Miguel A. Mercado |
Department of Surgery |
|
Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición |
|
Salvador Zubirán |
|
Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, 14000 Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico |
Jürg Metzger |
Department of Surgery |
|
Chirurgische Klinik A |
|
Kantonsspital Luzern |
|
6000 Luzern 16, Switzerland |
Jean-Marie Michel |
Department of Surgery |
|
University Hospital Zurich |
|
Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland |
|
Current address: |
|
Department of Surgery |
|
Hôpital Cantonal Fribourg |
|
1708 Fribourg, Switzerland |
Frank G. Moody |
Department of Surgery |
|
University of Texas Medical School |
|
6431 Fannin, Houston,TX 77030, USA |
Frederick A. Moore |
Department of Surgery |
|
University of Texas-Houston |
|
6431 Fannin, MSB 4.294, Houston,TX 77030, USA |
Almudena Moreno |
Department of Surgery |
Elola-Olaso |
”Doce de Octubre” University Hospital |
|
Avda, Andalucia, KM 5.5, 28041 Madrid, Spain |
XXIV |
Contributors |
|
|
Enrique Moreno Gonzalez |
Department of General Surgery |
|
Digestive Surgery and Abdominal Organs Transplantation |
|
“Doce de Octubre” University Hospital |
|
Avda, Andalucia, KM 5.5, 28041 Madrid, Spain |
David L. Morris |
Department of Surgery |
|
The University of New South Wales |
|
St. George Hospital |
|
Gray Street, Kogarah, NSW 2217, Australia |
Michel Mourad |
Department of Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation |
|
University Hospital Saint Luc |
|
Catholic University of Louvain |
|
Avenue Hippocrate 10,1200 Brussels, Belgium |
Markus K. Müller |
Department of Surgery |
|
University Hospital Zurich |
|
Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland |
Michel M. Murr |
Department of Surgery |
|
University of South Florida College of Medicine |
|
C/O Tampa General Hospital |
|
PO Box 1289,Tampa, FL 33601, USA |
David M. Nagorney |
Department of Surgery |
|
Mayo Clinic |
|
College of Medicine |
|
200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA |
Eric Nakakura |
Department of Surgery |
|
Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center |
|
4940 Eastern Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA |
Shoji Natsugoe |
First Department of Surgery |
|
School of Medicine |
|
Kagoshima University |
|
8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan |
William H. Nealon |
Department of Surgery |
|
University of Texas Medical Branch |
|
Galveston,TX 77555-0544, USA |
Yuji Nimura |
Division of Surgical Oncology |
|
Department of Surgery |
|
Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine |
|
65 Tsurumai-cho Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan |
Jeffrey A. Norton |
Department of Surgery |
|
Stanford University Medical Center |
|
300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA |
Marshall J. Orloff |
Department of Surgery |
|
University of California San Diego |
|
Medical Center |
|
San Diego, CA 92103–8999, USA |
Mark S. Orloff |
Department of Surgery |
|
Section of Organ Transplantation |
|
University of Rochester Medical Center |
|
601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14627, USA |
Susan L. Orloff |
Department of Surgery |
|
Section of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery and Transplantation |
|
Oregon Health Science University |
|
3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA |
Contributors |
XXV |
|
|
Hector Orozco |
Department of Surgery |
|
Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición |
|
Salvador Zubirán |
|
Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, 14000 Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico |
Gerald C. O’Sullivan |
Department of Surgery |
|
Mercy University Hospital |
|
National University of Ireland |
|
Grenville Place, Cork, Ireland |
Robert Padbury |
Department of Surgery School of Medicine |
|
Flinders Medical Research Institute |
|
The Flinders University of South Australia |
|
GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia |
Theodore N. Pappas |
Department of Surgery |
|
Duke University Medical Center |
|
3479, Durham, NC 27710, USA |
Claudio Pasquali |
Department for Medical Sciences and Surgery |
|
Universita degli Studi di Padova |
|
Sezione di Semeiotica Chirugica |
|
Ospedale Busonera, 35128 Padova, Italy |
Sergio Pedrazzoli |
Department for Medical Sciences and Surgery |
|
Universita degli Studi di Padova |
|
Sezione di Semeiotica Chirurgica |
|
Ospedale Busonera, 35128 Padova, Italy |
Matthias Peiper |
Department of General,Visceral and Thoracic Surgery |
|
University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf |
|
Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany |
|
Current address: |
|
Department of Surgery |
|
University Hospital Düsseldorf |
|
Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany |
Alberto Peracchia |
Department of Surgery |
|
Centro di Formazione Universitaria |
|
Istituto Clinico Humanitas |
|
Via Manzoni, 56, 20089 Rozzano (MI), Italy |
Henrik Petrowsky |
Department of Surgery |
|
University Hospital Zurich |
|
Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland |
Capecomorin S. |
Department of Surgery |
Pitchumoni |
Saint Peter’s University Hospital |
|
Robert Wood Johnson School of Medicine |
|
New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA |
Robert J. Porte |
Department of Surgery |
|
Section of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation |
|
University Hospital Groningen |
|
PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen,The Netherlands |
Eric C. Poulin |
Department of Surgery and Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery |
|
St. Michael’s Hospital |
|
University of Toronto |
|
30 Bond Street,Toronto, ON M5B, Canada |
Bettina Rau |
Department of General Surgery |
|
University Hospital of Ulm |
|
Steinhoevelstrasse 9, 89070 Ulm, Germany |
XXVI |
Contributors |
|
|
Chandrajit P. Raut |
Department of Surgical Oncology |
|
University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center |
|
1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston,TX 77030, USA |
Xavier Rogiers |
Department of General Surgery |
|
HPB Surgery and Organ Transplantation |
|
Gent University Hospital and Medical School, UZG |
|
De Pintelaan 185 - 2K12 1C, 9000 Gent, Belgium |
Alexander S. Rosemurgy II |
Department of Surgery |
|
University of South Florida |
|
PO Box 1289,Tampa, FL 33601, USA |
Joachim Ruh |
Department of General,Visceral and Thoracic Surgery |
|
University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf |
|
Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany |
Barry Salky |
Division of Laparoscopic Surgery |
|
Mt. Sinai Medical Center |
|
Gustave L. Levy Place, 1190 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA |
Juan M. Sarmiento |
Division of Gastroenterologic and General Surgery |
|
Emory University School of Medicine |
|
1440 Clifton Road N.E., Atlanta, GA 30322, USA |
Michael G. Sarr |
Department of Surgery |
|
Division of Gastroenterologic and General Surgery |
|
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine |
|
200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA |
Mitsuru Sasako |
Gastric Surgery Division |
|
National Cancer Center Hospital |
|
5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku,Tokyo, Japan |
Olivier Scatton |
Department of Hepato-Bilio-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation |
|
Hôpital Beaujon |
|
University of Paris VII |
|
100, Boulevard du Général Leclerc, 92110 Clichy, France |
Markus Schäfer |
Department of Surgery |
|
University Hospital Zurich |
|
Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland |
Christopher M. Schlachta |
Department of Surgery and Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery |
|
St. Michael’s Hospital |
|
University of Toronto |
|
30 Bond Street,Toronto, ON M5B, Canada |
Wolfgang Schlosser |
Department of General Surgery |
|
University Hospital of Surgery |
|
Steinhövelstrasse 9, 89075 Ulm, Germany |
Rainer Schmelzle |
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery |
|
(Nordwestdeutsche Kieferklinik) |
|
University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf |
|
Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany |
Uwe Seitz |
Department of Interdisciplinary Endoscopy |
|
University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf |
|
Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany |
Markus Selzner |
Department of Surgery |
|
University Hospital Zurich |
|
Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland |
|
Current address: |
|
Department of Surgery |
|
Toronto General Hospital |
|
200 Elizabeth Street,Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada |
Contributors |
XXVII |
|
|
Peter Shamamian |
Department of Surgery |
|
New York University School of Medicine |
|
530 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA |
Bhugwan Singh |
Department of General Surgery |
|
Faculty of Health Sciences |
|
Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine |
|
University of Natal |
|
Congella, South Africa |
Hans Sollinger |
Department of Surgery |
|
Division of Organ Transplantation |
|
University of Wisconsin School of Medicine |
|
Clinical Science Center - H4, |
|
600 Highland Ave, Madison,WI 53792, USA |
Nathaniel J. Soper |
Department of Surgery |
|
Northwestern University |
|
201 E. Huren Street, Galter 10-105, Chicago, IL 60611, USA |
Cosimo Sperti |
Department of Medical Sciences and Surgery |
|
Universita degli Studi di Padova |
|
Sezione di Semeiotica Chirurgica |
|
Ospedale Busonera, 35128 Padova, Italy |
Henricus B.A.C. |
Department of General Surgery |
Stockmann |
Erasmus Medical Center |
|
P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam,The Netherlands |
Steven M. Strasberg |
Department of Surgery |
|
Section of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic and Gastrointestinal Surgery |
|
Washington University in Saint Louis |
|
1 Barnes Hospital Plaza, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA |
Tim Strate |
Department of General,Visceral and Thoracic Surgery |
|
University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf |
|
Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany |
Oliver Strobel |
Department of General Surgery |
|
University of Heidelberg |
|
Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany |
Koichi Tanaka |
Department of Transplant Surgery |
|
Faculty of Medicine |
|
Kyoto University |
|
54 Kawara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto, Japan |
Rebecca Taylor |
Department of Surgery |
|
Gastric and Mixed Tumor Service |
|
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center |
|
1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA |
Geoffrey B. Thompson |
Department of Surgery |
|
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine |
|
200 First Street NW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA |
Benjamin N.J. Thomson |
Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital |
|
Locked Bag 1, A’Beckett Street,Victoria 8006, Australia |
L. William Traverso |
Department of General,Vascular and Thoracic Surgery |
|
Virginia Mason Medical Center |
|
1100 Ninth Ave, Seattle,WA 98111, USA |
John Tsiaoussis |
Department of General Surgery |
|
Unit of Gastrointestinal Surgery |
|
University Hospital |
|
Heraklion, Crete, Greece |
XXVIII |
Contributors |
|
|
Gregory G. Tsiotos |
Department of General Surgery |
|
Metropolitan Hospital |
|
217 Alexandras Ave, Athens 11521, Greece |
Waldemar Uhl |
Department of General Surgery |
|
University of Heidelberg |
|
Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany |
Jean-Nicolas Vauthey |
Department of Surgical Oncology |
|
University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center |
|
1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston,TX 77030, USA |
Miranda Voss |
Department of Surgery |
|
Duke University School of Medicine |
|
Box 3110, Durham, NC 27710, USA |
Andrew L. Warshaw |
Department of Surgery |
|
Harvard Medical School |
|
Massachusetts General Hospital |
|
55 Fruit Street,White Building, Boston, MA 02114-2696, USA |
David I. Watson |
Department of Surgery |
|
Flinders Medical Centre |
|
Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia |
Lawrence W. Way |
Department of Surgery |
|
University of California |
|
School of Medicine |
|
San Francisco, CA 94143, USA |
Stefan Wildi |
Department of Surgery |
|
University Hospital Zurich |
|
Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland |
Emre Yekebas |
Department of General,Visceral and Thoracic Surgery |
|
University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf |
|
Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany |
Tina W.F.Yen |
Department of Surgical Oncology |
|
University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center |
|
1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston,TX 77030, USA |
SECTION 1
General Principles
Pierre-Alain Clavien
Michael G. Sarr
Introduction
Pierre A. Clavien, Michael G. Sarr
A competent surgeon must be aware of all the general aspects of a surgical procedure to be able to perform specific interventions successfully and expeditiously. The old adage that “exposure, exposure, and exposure” are the three most important factors for the good outcome of a surgical procedure remains true for both open and laparoscopic approaches.
Each procedure must start with careful positioning of the patient prior to wide disinfection of the operative field, draping, and incision. The first chapter covers the various options for positioning of the patient on the operating table and describes the incisions that are available to enter the abdominal cavity. The second chapter focuses on different principles of exposure through the use of various types of retractors, providing examples of the most commonly used retractors. The third chapter addresses the use of mechanical staplers. Currently, staplers are increasingly being used for many open and laparoscopic procedures, and the industry has partnered actively with the surgical field in developing new devices enabling sophisticated maneuvers, often to reach otherwise small and inaccessible areas. Proper knowledge of the general principles of the use and function of mechanical staplers is mandatory for modern surgery, because their misuse may result in devastating complications such as anastomotic leakage or bleeding. Finally, while Billroth claimed more than a century ago that “drainage saves many lives,” the use of the “time-honored” surgical drain has changed dramatically, because accumulating studies have shown convincingly that drains are often useless or even harmful in many procedures. Open drains are rarely needed today. The last chapter presents the principles of the various types of drains including a table of “evidence-based” utility of drains for upper abdominal surgery.
These chapters covering the general aspects of surgery were prepared in a simple, yet comprehensive manner. We believe that the didactic and basic information provided in these introductory chapters of the Atlas will be of value for both trainees and specialized surgeons.
Positioning and Accesses
Yvonne Knoblauch, Dieter Hahnloser
Positioning
Correct and stable positioning of the patient is the first step for a successful operation. Safe arm and leg positioning are crucial in preventing pressure lesions, such as ulnar or peroneal neuropathy.
Supine Position
The supine position is used for most abdominal procedures. The arms can be left out (A-1) or kept close to the body (A-2), depending on the type of operation to be performed.
■Anchor the patient’s legs and/or ankles with a strap in case tilt is required
■Protect arms with a pillowcase, gauze sponge, or silicone pad
■Avoid traction on the brachial plexus (abduction of the shoulder should be <90°)
A-1
A-2