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Charter |
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Газети, журнали, |
the Times, the Economist |
Pravda, Korrespondent, |
телебачення |
(the press, the radio, the |
Life, Time |
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television) |
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Оркестри, |
the Philadelphia |
uranDuran, |
музичні гурти |
Orchestra, the Beatles |
DepecheMode |
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Музичніінструменти і |
to play the piano/the |
with Ellison on bass |
танці |
violin/the guitar, to dance |
guitar |
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the tango. |
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Thisisthe 1979 recording. |
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Артиклі в назвахдеякихкраїн, націй, жителівкраїн і мов
Назвакраїни |
Прикметни |
Національніст |
Жителікраїн |
Назвамов |
|
к |
ь |
и |
и |
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Belgium |
Belgian |
a Belgian |
theBelgians |
Dutch, |
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French, |
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German |
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Britain / |
British / |
a Brition |
the British |
English |
England / |
English |
a Brit |
Britions |
|
Great Britain / |
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a Britisher |
Britisher |
|
the UK |
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anEnglishman |
the English |
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(Englishwoman) |
Englishmen |
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Chile |
Chilean |
a Chilean |
theChileans |
Spanish |
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Cyprus |
Cyprian |
a Cypriote |
theCyprians |
Greek, |
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Turkish |
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Denmark |
Danish |
a Dane |
theDanish / |
Danish |
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(the) Danes |
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Italian |
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Thailand |
Thai |
a Thai |
the Thais |
Thai |
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Turkey |
Turkish |
a Turk |
(the) Turks |
Turkish |
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Ukraine |
Ukrainian |
a Ukrainian |
(the) |
Ukrainian |
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Ukrainians |
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the USA / |
American |
an American |
(the) |
English |
America |
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Americans |
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Zimbabwe |
Zimbabwean |
the Zimbabwean |
the |
English |
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Zimbabwean |
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Артиклі з іменниками, що означають часові поняття, назви періоду доби,
днів тижня, місяців, пір року і свят
Без артикля |
А |
The |
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Загальнезначення |
Описовевизначення |
Лімітованевизначеннячи |
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контекст |
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Monday is always a |
It was a very hectic |
The Monday you are speaking |
bad day. |
Monday |
about was tiring. |
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We'll wait till night |
I could never imagine |
We stayed at the motel for the |
and then call the |
such an awful night. |
night. |
police. |
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We get good crops of |
We are having a |
The autumn in Colorado was |
apples in autumn. |
wonderful autumn this |
long and wet. |
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year. |
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Особливостівживання
Артиклі з особовимиіменами
Без артикля |
A |
The |
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GeorgeBush |
В значенні |
В значенні «члени |
PresidentBush |
«хтосьізсім’ї»: |
однієїсім’ї»: |
|
He was a Bush and |
The Bushes are |
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wanted to become |
coming to this |
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president. |
dinner. |
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АЛЕ: There are many Wilsons, |
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Smiths and Browns in England. |
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(значення просто множини) |
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MrSmith |
Взначенні «хтось»: |
Взначенні |
Linda |
A Mr Smith left a |
«визначенаособа»: |
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message for you. |
He’s the Smith I met |
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A Lindacalled. |
last night. |
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Linda at 45 was still |
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the Linda of 20. |
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David Beckham |
При вказівці на |
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Alice in Wonderland |
риси, |
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якіасоціюються з |
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кимось: |
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Jack plays football |
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well, but he’ll never |
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be a Beckham. |
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She felt like an |
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Alice in |
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Wonderland. |
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SalvadorDali |
Зціллювказівки на |
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ChristianDior |
авторські твори: |
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465 |
The art dealer
agreed to buy a
Dali.
She wants to wear a
Dior this time.
Артиклізіменникамиbed, hospital, church, school, class,
college, court, market, prison, university
Без артикля |
A/The |
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Якщоціпредмети і |
Якщо вони означають просто місце |
закладивикористовуються за |
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призначенням |
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My father is in hospital |
I saw my father in the hospital. |
(налікуванні) |
(уприміщеннілікарні) |
He was taken to hospital after the |
This is a new hospital. (приміщення) |
heart attack. (з метою лікування) |
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The children are in school now, |
It’s an old school. |
and my mother is in church. |
There’s a meeting at the school at 7 o’cloc. |
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АЛЕ: at a/the office/factory, cathedral, |
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mosque |
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Артиклі з іменникамиуфункції прикладки
A |
The |
Без артикля |
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Ізобчислюваними |
Зіменемвідомоїперсони, |
При зазначенніна посаду |
іменниками в |
при |
чипропозицію, яку |
однині |
наявностілімітованогов |
можезаймати одна людина: |
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изначеннячи контексту |
president, head, author, |
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Артиклі з іменниками в словосполученнях з прийменниками
Прийменники |
A |
Без артикля |
The |
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from |
не вживається |
from memory |
from the cradle |
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from day to day |
from the stable |
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fromscratch |
fromthewordgo |
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in |
in a mess |
in debt |
in the egg |
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in a minute |
in tears |
in the end |
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in a whisper |
in comfort |
inthe couds |
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on |
on a bet |
on time |
on the hour |
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on a diet |
on strike |
on the radio |
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on a leash |
on reflection |
ontheway |
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with |
with a nod |
with smiles |
with the word |
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with a heavy heart |
with good grace |
with the colors |
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with a bounce |
with kid gloves |
withtheexceptionof |
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like |
like a dream |
like beans, |
likethewind |
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like a brother |
like show |
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like a king |
business, |
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like clock-work |
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as |
as brave as a lion |
as good as gold |
as the crow files |
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as fit as a fiddle |
as hard as nails |
as good as the first |
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as mad as a hatter |
assafeashouses |
time |
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by |
by a majority |
by post |
by the way |
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by a hair |
by degrees |
by the head and ears |
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by a closeshave |
by credit card |
bythedozen |
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at |
at a profit |
at sea |
at the cross-roads |
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at a glance |
at first hand |
at the moment |
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at a |
at pains |
attheweekend |
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moment’snotice |
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for |
for a walk |
for sale |
for the record |
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for a change |
for fun |
for the rest |
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for a rainyday |
for starters |
for the time being |
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Артиклівмісцевихзворотахіззначенням «цілетайогочастина»
A/TheNoun + of + Noun
Здійснимиіменниками |
a bit of chalk – two |
|
bits of chalk |
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a roll of paper |
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a can of beer |
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a kilo of sugar |
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a grain of rice |
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Знеобчислюваними абстрактнимиіменниками |
an item of news – |
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some items of news |
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a branch of |
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knowledge |
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a period of calm |
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a piece of research |
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a vase of flower |
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Зіменниками в множині |
a book of stamps – |
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ten books of stamps |
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a cartoon of |
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cigarettes |
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a box of matches |
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a tin of sardines |
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a vase of flowers |
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Зназвами ігор |
a game of football- |
|
many games of |
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football |
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a game of chess |
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a game of billiards |
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Зназвамипарнихпредметів і одягу |
a pair of gloves – |
|
two pairs of gloves |
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a pair of jeans |
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a pair of skates |
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Знеобчислюваними іменниками і обчислюваними |
a type of cloth – |
іменниками в однині в значенні«тип, сорт, вид будь- |
some types of cloth |
чого» |
a brand of soap |
|
a sort of cake |
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a species of insect |
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a kind of friendship |
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Вживання нульового артикля (відсутність артикля)
Артикль не використовується:
–з іменниками у множині, коли вони вживаються у загальному значенні:
Complexproblemshavesimple, easytounderstand, wronganswers.(Grossman'sMisquote)
–перед іменниками, що вже мають інший детермінант (визначальне слово),
такий як присвійний займенник my, his, her, its, our, your, their; вказівний займенник this, that, these, those; неозначені займенники some, any, much, many, little, few, each, every, either, neither; питальні займенники what? which? whose? тощо:
WhenIfirstsawyouwithyoursmilesotender, myheartwascaptured, mysoulsurrendered. (ElvisPresley, It'sNowOrNever.)
