- •Foreword
- •Preface to the Fourth Edition
- •Contents
- •Instructions for Use
- •Bones
- •Sutures, joints and ligaments
- •Muscles
- •Muscles, synovial bursae and sheaths
- •Digestive system
- •Digestive and respiratory system
- •Urogenital system
- •Peritoneum
- •Endocrine glands
- •Heart
- •Veins
- •Lymphatic system
- •Spinal cord
- •Cranial nerves
- •Autonomic nervous system
- •Sense organs
- •Skin and its appendages
- •General terms
- •References
- •Index
|
348 |
Autonomic nervous system |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
1 |
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM. Pars autono- |
|
13 |
Aorticorenal ganglia. Ganglia aorticorenalia. |
|||||
1 |
|
|
||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
|
|
|
mica (systema nervorum autonomicum). It |
|
|
Accumulations of ganglion cells at the exit of |
||||||
|
|
|
|
regulates the functions of the internal organs |
|
|
the renal artery. They receive the lesser |
|||||
2 |
|
|
|
(viscera) by its influence on smooth muscle, |
|
|
splanchnic nerve and may be fused with the |
|||||
|
|
|
|
cardiac muscle and glands. |
|
|
|
celiac ganglia. A |
|
|
||
3 |
|
2 |
AUTONOMIC (VISCERAL) PLEXUS. Plexus auto- |
|
14 |
Superior |
mesenteric |
ganglion. |
Ganglion |
|||
|
|
|
nomici (viscerales). Autonomic nerve plexuses |
|
|
mesentericum superius. Group of ganglion |
||||||
|
|
|
|
mainly in front of the vertebral column at the |
|
|
cells at the right and left of the aorta near the |
|||||
4 |
|
|
|
branches of the aorta. |
|
|
|
superior mesenteric artery and its branches. It |
||||
|
|
3 |
GANGLIA OF AUTONOMIC PLEXUS. Ganglia |
|
|
is often fused with adjacent ganglia. A |
||||||
5 |
|
|
|
plexuum |
autonomicorum |
(visceralium). |
|
15 |
Intermesenteric plexus. Plexus intermesenter- |
|||
|
|
|
Groups of ganglion cells scattered in the auton- |
|
|
icus. Nerve plexus between the superior and in- |
||||||
|
|
|
|
omic plexuses for synaptic connections be- |
|
|
ferior mesenteric plexuses. A |
|
||||
6 |
|
|
|
tween preand postganglionic fibers. |
|
16 |
Inferior |
mesenteric |
ganglion. |
Ganglion |
||
|
|
|
3 a PARS THORACICA AUTONOMICA. Thoracic part |
|
|
mesentericum inferius. Ganglion cells located |
||||||
7 |
|
|
|
of the autonomic nervous system. |
|
|
entirely within the inferior mesenteric plexus. |
|||||
|
|
4 Thoracic aortic plexus. Plexus aorticus thoraci- |
|
|
A |
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
17 |
Phrenic ganglia. Ganglia phrenica. Small accu- |
|||||||
|
|
|
|
cus. Autonomic nerve plexus around the aorta |
|
|||||||
8 |
|
|
|
with fibers from the first five thoracic ganglia |
|
|
mulation of ganglion cells in the nerve plexus |
|||||
|
|
|
|
and the splanchnic nerve. It also contains affer- |
|
|
accompanying the inferior phrenic artery. A |
|||||
9 |
|
|
|
ent vagal fibers. B |
|
|
18 |
Hepatic plexus. Plexus hepaticus. Continuation |
||||
|
|
5 Cardiac plexus. Plexus cardiacus. Autonomic |
|
|
of the celiac plexus at the liver with fibers from |
|||||||
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
10 |
|
|
|
nerve plexus from sympathetic and vagal fibers |
|
|
the vagus and phrenic nerves. A C |
|
||||
|
|
|
at the base of the heart, especially around the |
|
19 |
Splenic (lienal) plexus. Plexus splenicus (lien- |
||||||
|
|
|
|
arch of the aorta and at the root of the pulmo- |
|
|
alis). Extensions of the celiac plexus along the |
|||||
11 |
|
|
|
nary trunk, as well as along the coronary ves- |
|
|
splenic artery to the spleen. A C |
|
||||
|
|
|
sels and between the aorta and tracheal bifur- |
|
20 |
Gastric plexus. Plexus gastrici. Autonomic |
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
12 |
|
|
|
cation. B |
|
|
|
|
nerve plexus for the stomach. The anterior and |
|||
|
6 |
Cardiac ganglia. Ganglia cardiaca. Small mac- |
|
|
posterior part is formed by the vagus, the left |
|||||||
|
|
|
|
roscopic accumulations of ganglion cells espe- |
|
|
part is a continuation of the celiac plexus along |
|||||
13 |
|
|
|
cially to the right of the ligamentum arterio- |
|
|
the left gastric artery. C |
|
|
|||
|
|
|
sum. B |
|
|
|
21 |
Pancreatic plexus. Plexus pancreaticus. Con- |
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
14 |
|
|
7 Esophageal plexus. Plexus oesophagealis. Net- |
|
|
tinuation of the celiac plexus along the pan- |
||||||
|
|
|
work of autonomic nerve fibers around the |
|
|
creatic vessels. C |
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
esophagus. |
|
|
|
22 |
Suprarenal plexus. Plexus suprarenalis. Con- |
|||
15 |
|
8 |
Pulmonary branches. Rami pulmonales. Rami |
|
|
tinuation of the celiac plexus along the su- |
||||||
|
|
|
from the 3rd to 4th thoracic sympathetic ganglia, |
|
|
prarenal vessels with preganglionic fibers for |
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
16 |
|
|
|
particularly to the posterior part of the pulmo- |
|
|
the suprarenal medulla. A |
|
||||
|
|
|
nary plexus. B |
|
|
23 |
Renal plexus. Plexus renalis. Nerve plexus con- |
|||||
|
|
|
9 Pulmonary plexus. Plexus plumonalis. Plexus |
|
|
tinued onto the renal artery. It also contains |
||||||
17 |
|
|
|
in front of and behind the hilum of the lung |
|
|
vagal fibers. A |
|
|
|||
|
|
|
formed by vagal and sympathetic fibers. It is |
|
24 |
Renal ganglia. Ganglia renalis. Microscopically |
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
18 |
|
|
|
connected across the midline with the pulmo- |
|
|
small groups of ganglion cells dispersed within |
|||||
|
|
|
nary plexus of the opposite side and with the |
|
|
the renal plexus. A |
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
cardiac plexus. B |
|
|
25 |
Ureteric plexus. Plexus uretericus. Nerve |
||||
|
|
|
9 a PARS ABDOMINALIS AUTONOMICA. Abdominal |
|
||||||||
19 |
|
|
|
|
plexus along the ureter with fibers from the |
|||||||
|
|
|
|
part of the autonomic nervous system. |
|
|
renal and abdominal aortic plexuses and the |
|||||
|
10 |
Abdominal aortic plexus. Plexus aorticus |
|
|
aorticorenal ganglia. A |
|
|
|||||
20 |
|
|
|
|
||||||||
|
|
|
abdominalis. Nerve plexus in front of and on |
|
26 |
Testicular plexus. Plexus testicularis. Nerve |
||||||
|
|
|
|
both sides of the aorta. It extends from the |
|
|
plexus along the testicular artery. It extends as |
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
21 |
|
|
|
celiac plexus to the aortic bifurcation, receives |
|
|
far as the testis and receives fibers from the |
|||||
|
|
|
|
fibers from both upper lumbar ganglia and con- |
|
|
renal and abdominal aortic plexuses. A |
|||||
22 |
|
|
|
tinues caudally into the superior hypogastric |
|
27 |
Ovarian plexus. Plexus ovaricus. Autonomic |
|||||
|
|
|
plexus. |
|
|
|
|
nerve plexus along the ovarian artery with |
||||
|
|
11 Celiac plexus. Plexus coeliacus. Nerve plexus |
|
|
fibers from the abdominal aortic and renal |
|||||||
23 |
|
|
|
around the celiac trunk. It communicates with |
|
|
plexuses. A |
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
adjacent plexuses and receives fibers from both |
|
28 |
Superior mesenteric plexus. Plexus mesenteri- |
|||||
24 |
|
|
|
splanchnic nerves and from the vagus. A C |
|
|
cus superior. Nerve plexus accompanying the |
|||||
|
12 |
Celiac ganglia. Ganglia coelica. Aggregations of |
|
|
superior mesenteric artery and its branches. It |
|||||||
|
|
|
|
ganglion cells communicating with the celiac |
|
|
contains sympathetic fibers from the celiac |
|||||
25 |
|
|
|
plexus and lying to the right and left of the |
|
|
plexus and parasympathetic fibers from the |
|||||
|
|
|
|
aorta by the celiac trunk. A |
|
|
|
vagus nerve. A |
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Autonomic nervous system 349
17
18
12
22
14
13
24
23
8 |
|
6 4 |
|
6
9
5
5 |
26;27 |
5
B Cardiac plexus
17
19
12
11
14
13
28
15
16
25
ALower part of sympathetic system
20
18 |
19 |
|
11 |
21 |
21 |
C Celiac plexus
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
350 Autonomic nervous system
1Inferior mesenteric plexus. Plexus mesentericus
1 inferior. Continuation of the abdominal aortic plexus along the inferior mesenteric artery in-
2cluding its branches. D
2Superior rectal plexus. Plexus rectalis superior. Continuation of the inferior mesenteric plexus on
3the superior rectal artery and rectum. It also contains parasympathetic fibers from the inferior hy-
4pograstric plexus. D
3Enteric plexus. Plexus entericus. Collective term for the autonomic plexuses in the wall of the in-
5testinal tract.
4Subserosal plexus. Plexus subserosus. Fine au-
6tonomic plexus located directly beneath the serosa. C
7 |
5 Myenteric (Auerbach’s) |
plexus. Plexus my- |
|
entericus [[Auerbach]]. Prominent plexus situated |
|||
|
|||
|
between the longitudinal |
and circular muscle |
8layers. It contains ganglion cells and regulates the peristaltic action of the intestine. C
6 Submucosal (Meissner’s) plexus. Plexus sub-
9 mucosus [[Meissner]]. Prominent plexus occupying the submucosa. It contains ganglion cells and
10regulates the activity of the muscularis mucosae and villi. C
11 |
7 |
Iliac plexus. Plexus iliaci. Continuation of the |
|
|
abdominal aortic plexus onto both iliac arteries. |
||
|
|
D E |
|
12 |
|
||
8 |
Femoral plexus. Plexus femoralis. Continuation |
||
|
|
of the iliac plexus onto the femoral artery. E |
|
|
|
||
13 |
8 a PARS PELVICA AUTONOMICA. Pelvic part of the |
||
|
|
autonomic nervous system. |
|
|
9 |
Superior hypogastric plexus (presacral nerve). |
|
14 |
|||
|
Plexus hypogastricus superior (n. praesacralis). |
||
|
|
Plexus-like connection between the abdominal |
|
15 |
|
aortic and inferior hypogastric plexuses located |
|
|
|
predominantly in front of the 5th lumbar verte- |
|
16 |
|
bral body and receiving branches from the lum- |
|
|
bar sympathetic ganglia. D E |
10 Right/left hypogastric nerve. N. hypogastricus
17dexter/sinister. Right and left branches of the superior hypogastric plexus to the pelvic viscera. They communicate with the inferior hypogastric
18plexus. D E
11 Inferior hypogastric plexus (pelvic plexus).
19Plexus hypogastricus inferior (plexus pelvicus). Network of sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers located to the right and left of the rectum
20and in front of it. D
12 Middle rectal plexus. Plexus rectalis medius.
21Continuation of the inferior hypogastric plexus onto the wall of the rectum. E
13 Inferior rectal plexus. Plexus rectalis inferior.
22Autonomic nerve plexus located around the branches of the internal iliac artery and passing
23to both sides of the rectum. E
14Prostatic plexus. Plexus prostaticus. Nerve plexus mainly located at the posterior and infe-
24rior surfaces of the prostate and extending as far as the membranous part of the urethra. E
2515 Deferential plexus. Plexus deferentialis. Nerve
plexus around the ductus deferens. E
16 Uterovaginal plexus. Plexus uterovaginalis. Nerve plexus occupying the parametrium and infiltrated with many ganglia. It sends branches to the uterus, vagina, uterine tube and ovary and communicates with the inferior hypogastric plexus in the rectouterine fold. D
17Vaginal nerves. Nervi vaginales. Branches of the uterovaginal plexus passing to the vagina. D
18Vesical plexus. Plexus vesicalis. Plexus situated on both sides of the urinary bladder. It contains parasympatheticfibersandisinvolvedinregulatingthe voiding mechanism of the urinary bladder. E
19Cavernous nerves of penis. Nn. cavernosi penis. Rami from the prostatic plexus to the cavernous bodies of the penis. E
20Cavernous nerves of clitoris. Nn. cavernosi clitoridis. Nerves corresponding to the cavernous nerves of the penis. E
21SYMPATHETIC PART (SYSTEM). Pars sympathetica. Thoracolumbar part of the autonomic nervous system represented in the sympathetic trunk. Excitable by adrenalin (adrenergic), it has a stimulatory effect on the circulation and an inhibitory effect on the intestinal tract.
22Sympathetic trunk. Truncus sympatheticus. Chain of ganglia connected by nerve fibers. It lies to the right and left of the vertebral column and extends from the base of the skull to the coccyx. B
23Ganglia of sympathetic trunk. Ganglia trunci sympathetici. Groups of small, mostly multipolar ganglion cells producing macroscopic thickenings and forming synaptic sites between myelinated preganglionic and nonmyelinated postganglionic fibers. B
24Interganglionic branches. Rami interganglionares. Bundles of white and gray fibers linking the sympathetic ganglia. B
25Rami communicates. Communicating branches (afferent and efferent) between the spinal nerves and sympathetic trunk. B
26Intermediate ganglia. Ganglia intermedia. Additional accumulations of sympathetic ganglion cells mainly in the rami communicantes of the cervical and lumbar regions. B
27Superior cervical ganglion. Ganglion cervicale superius. Uppermost sympathetic trunk ganglion, about 2.5 cm long and lying 2 cm below the base of the skull between the longus capitis and posterior belly of the digastric. A
28Jugular nerve. N. jugularis. Branch to the inferior ganglion of the glossopharyngeal nerve and to the superior ganglion of the vagus. A
29Internal carotid nerve. N. caroticus internus. It contains postganglionic fibers and forms the internal carotid plexus in the carotid canal. A
30Internal carotid plexus. Plexus caroticus internus. Nerve plexus in the carotid canal giving rise to the deep petrosal nerve and branches to the inner ear. It supplies the eye with sympathetic fibers. A
31External carotid nerves. Nn. carotici externi. Nerves for the external carotid plexus descending along the external carotid artery. A
|
|
|
|
Autonomic nervous system |
351 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
30 |
|
|
|
|
1 |
||
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
||
|
|
A |
Superior cervical |
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
ganglion with branches
3
28 |
|
|
|
4 |
29 |
|
|
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
|
C II |
|
|
|
|
9 |
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
||
27 |
|
|
|
6 |
|
C III |
|
|
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
31 |
|
|
2 |
7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C IV |
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8 |
|||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
16 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9 |
||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C V |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10 |
|||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
11 |
||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Abdominal and |
13 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
pelvic plexuses |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
14 |
||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
24 |
22 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
15 |
|
25 |
26 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
23 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
B |
Sympathetic trunk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
16 |
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
from in front |
9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
18 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
19 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
15 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
21 |
|||||
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
19;20 |
|
|
|
|
12 |
|||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
18 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
22 |
||||
|
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
|
352.35 |
23 |
|||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
13 |
|
|||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
24 |
||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C Plexuses in intestinal wall |
14 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E Pelvic plexus |
|
||||||||||
|
|
25
352 Autonomic nervous system
1External carotid plexus. Plexus caroticus exter-
1 nus. Autonomic nerve plexus around the external carotid artery. A
22 Common carotid plexus. Plexus caroticus communis. It surrounds the common carotid artery. A
3 Laryngopharyngeal branches. Rami laryn-
3gopharyngeales. Postganglionic fibers to the pharyngeal plexus. A
4 |
4 |
Superior cervical cardiac nerve. N. cardiacus |
|
cervicalis superior. Fibers to the cardiac plexus. A |
|
|
5 |
Middle cervical ganglion. Ganglion cervicale me- |
5dium. Often very small ganglion of the sympathetic trunk that lies at the level of C6 in front of or behind the inferior thyroid artery. A E
66 Vertebral ganglion. Ganglion vertebrale. Small accessory ganglion usually on the vertebral artery
7 |
in front of its entrance into the foramen transver- |
sarium. A |
7Middle cervical cardiac nerve. N. cardiacus cervi-
8calis medius. It passes from the middle cervical ganglion to the deep part of the cardiac plexus. A
8Cervicothoracic (stellate) ganglion. Ganglion
9 |
|
cervicothoracicum (stellatum). Fusion of the infe- |
|
|
|
rior cervical ganglion with the 1st or, in many cases |
|
10 |
|
(ca. 75%) 2nd thoracic ganglion. A E |
|
9 Ansa subclavia. Cord of nerve fibers forming a |
|||
|
|||
|
|
loop around the subclavian artery. A |
|
11 |
10 |
Inferior cervical cardiac nerve. N. cardiacus |
|
|
|
cervicalis inferior. It passes to the deep part of the |
|
|
|
cardiac plexus. A |
|
12 |
|
||
11 |
Subclavian plexus. Plexus subclavius. Autonomic |
||
|
|
nerve plexus around the subclavian artery. A |
|
|
|
||
13 |
12 |
Vertebral nerve. N. vertebralis. Located behind |
|
|
the vertebral artery; it forms the vertebral plexus. |
||
|
|
||
|
|
A |
|
14 |
|
||
13 |
Vertebral plexus. Plexus vertebralis. Network of |
||
|
|
nerves around the vertebral artery. A |
|
|
|
||
15 |
14 |
Thoracic ganglia. Ganglia thoracica. 11−12 thick- |
|
|
enings in the thoracic sympathetic trunk. A E |
||
|
15 |
Thoracic cardiac branches. Rami cardiaci |
16thoracici. Rami with efferent and afferent (pain) fibers passing from T2−4(5) thoracic ganglia to the cardiac plexus. A E
1715 a Thoracic plumonary branches. Rami pulmonales
thoracici. Efferent fibers from T2−4 ganglia to the pulmonary plexus at the lung hilum.
18 15 b Esophageal branches. Rami oesophageales. Efferent fibers from T2−5 ganglia.
1916 Greater splanchnic nerve. N. splanchnicus major. It passes from sympathetic trunk ganglia 5−9(10) to the celiac ganglion and contains preand post-
20ganglionic fibers which conduct pain and other sensations from the upper abdominal organs. E
21 |
17 |
Thoracic splanchnic ganglion. Ganglion thoraci- |
|
cum splanchnicum. Accessory ganglion at the |
|
|
|
level of T9. It is incorporated into the greater |
22 |
|
splanchnic nerve. E |
18 |
Lesser splanchnic nerve. N. splanchnicus minor. |
|
|
|
Arises from sympathetic trunk ganglia 9−11 and is |
23 |
|
|
|
similar to the greater splanchnic nerve. E |
|
|
19 |
Renal branch. Ramus renalis. Occasional branch |
|
||
|
|
from the lesser splanchnic nerve to the renal |
24 |
plexus. E |
|
|
|
20 Lowest splanchnic nerve. N. splanchnicus imus. It |
25often arises independently from the T12 ganglion and passes to the renal plexus. E
21Lumbar ganglia. Ganglia lumbalia (lumbaria). The sympathetic ganglia of the lumber vertebral column, usually four on either side. B
22Lumber splanchnic nerves. Nervi splanchnici lumbales (lumbares). Usually four nerves from the lumbar sympathetic trunk forming a plexus on L5. B
23Sacral ganglia. Ganglia sacralia. Four smaller ganglia lying medial to the pelvis sacral foramina. B
24Sacral splanchnic nerves. Nervi splanchnici sacrales. Two to three fine nerves from sacral ganglia 2−4. B
25Ganglion impar. Last unpaired sympathetic trunk ganglion lying in front of the coccyx. B
26PARASYMPATHETIC PART (SYSTEM). Pars parasympathetica. Craniosacral component of the autonomic nervous system involving cranial nerves III, VII, IX, and X and sacral spinal nerves 2−4. Antagonistic to the sympathetic division, it slows down the heart beat and stimulates intestinal and sexual functions.
26 a Cranial part. Pars cranialis.
27Terminal nerve. N. terminalis. A slender, partly interwoven nerve of unknown function, but probably autonomic. It unites the olfactory region with the anterior perforated substance. C
28Terminal ganglion. Ganglion terminale. It comprises all of the ganglion cells dispersed in the terminal nerves.
29Ciliary ganglion. Ganglion ciliare. Located lateral to the optic nerve. It receives preganglionic fibers from the oculomotor nerve and gives off postganglionic fibers which constrict the pupil and contract the ciliary muscles during accomodation. D
30Pterygopalatine ganglion. Ganglion pterygopalatinum. Nerve that lies lateral to the sphenopalatine foramen, receives motor fibers from the facial nerve via the nerve of the pterygoid canal and supplies the lacrimal and nasal glands. D
31Otic ganglion. Ganglion oticum. Situated below the foramen ovale and medial to the mandibular nerve. It receives motor fibers from the glossopharyngeal nerve via the lesser petrosal nerve and innvervates the parotid gland. D
32Submandibular ganglion. Ganglion submandibulare. Located along the lingual nerve below the mandible. It receives motor fibers from the facial nerve via the chorda tympani and sends efferent fibers to the sublingual and submandibular glands. D
33Sublingual ganglion. Ganglion sublinguale. Small accumulations of cells occasionally present on the glandular branches.
33 a Pelvic part (Pars pelvica). Sacral part of parasympathetic division.
34Pelvic splanchnic nerves. Nn. pelvici splanchnici (nn. erigentes). Parasympathetic fibers from S2−4 spinal nerves to the pelvic ganglia for the pelvic and genital organs. They also contain afferent fibers. B
35Pelvic ganglia. Ganglia pelvica. Groups of autonomic cells in the inferior hypogastric plexus. They give rise to the postganglionic axons. See p. 351 E
Autonomic nervous system |
353 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
21 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
|
22 |
|
A |
3 |
2 |
Cervical sympathetic trunk |
||
5 |
|
|
|
|
3 |
4 |
|
6 |
|
||
|
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
5 |
8 |
|
13 |
|
23 |
|
|
|
|
12 |
6 |
|
|
|
||
11 |
|
9 |
|
|
5 |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
24 |
10 |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
8 |
7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
34 |
|
|
25 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8 |
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
15 |
|
|
|
|
|
9 |
|
|
Lumbosacral sympathetic trunk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
B |
14 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10 |
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
15 |
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
11
12
13
27 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
14 |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
14 |
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
C |
Terminal nerves |
|
|
|
|
15 |
|||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
16 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
29 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
17 |
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
18 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
31 |
16 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
19 |
|||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
30 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
17 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
20 |
|||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
18 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
21 |
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
32 |
|
19 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
22 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
23 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
24 |
|
Autonomic ganglia of the head |
|
|
|
Splanchnic nerves |
|
|
||||||||||
D |
|
E |
|
25 |
|||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|