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What branch of phonetics studies the functional aspect of speech sounds:

Physiological phonetics.

Phonology.

Acoustic phonetics.

General phonetics.

Comparative phonetics.

Vocalization of “r’ is:

a narrowing & diphthongization of long vowels

a gradual neutralization of unstressed vowels

the change of the consonant sound “r’ into a vowel

appearance of affricates

appearance

What intonational function manifests itself in the fact that each syllable in the sentence has a certain pitch & can’t exist without it?

constitutive function;

distinctive function;

recognitive function;

principal function;

all of them;

Lexicology is the part of linguistics which studies:

The vocabulary of a language.

The grammatical system of a language.

The phonemic shape of words.

The history of a language.

The relations between the language and social life.

Lexicology is closely connected with:

All the above mentioned branches of linguistics.

Phonetics.

Grammar.

Stylistics.

The history of the language.

Semasiology is the branch of Lexicology that deals with:

The study of word meaning.

The phonemic shape of words.

The grammatical function of words.

A positional mobility of words within a sentence.

Differentiation of vocabulary according to the sphere of communication.

Phraseology studies:

Free word-combinations and phraseological units.

Graphical abbreviations.

Synonyms and antonyms.

Lexical homonyms.

Phrasal verbs.

Etymology investigates:

The origin and history of a word and its true meaning.

Peculiarities of the English vocabulary.

Different types of compounds.

General problems of the theory of the word.

Different kinds of dictionaries.

Lexicography deals with:

The theory and practice of compiling dictionaries.

The word-making process in English.

Classification of loan words.

Variants of the English language.

The etymological background of the English word stock.

A morpheme is:

The smallest indivisible two-facet language unit.

The basic unit of a language.

A cliche.

A collocation.

An abbreviation.

Semantically morphemes are classified as:

Root and affixation morphemes

Free morphemes.

Semi-free morphemes.

Bound morphemes.

Semi-bound morphemes.

Structurally morphemes fall into:

Free, semi-free, bound, semi-bound morphemes.

Root morphemes.

Stem morphemes.

Prefixational morphemes.

Suffixational morphemesK)

The root of the word is:

The basic part of a word to which affixes are added.

The basic unit of a language.

A derivational affix.

A grammatical paradigm.

A derived stem.

A stem is:

An unchanged part.

A functional affix.

A derivational affix.

A prefix.

A suffix.

A prefix is:

A derivational morpheme preceding the root.

A derivational morpheme following the stem.

A common element of words within a word-family.

An affix placed within the word.

A combining form.

A suffix is:

A derivational morpheme following the stem.

A derivational morpheme preceding the root.

A common element of words within a word-family.

An affix placed within the word;.

A combining form.

An infix is:

An affix placed within the word.

A derivationl morpheme preceding the root.

A derivational morpheme following the stem.

A common element of words within a word-family.

A combining form.

Functional affixes:

Convey grammatical meaning.

Form different words.

Provide the structural completeness of a word-group.

Convey emotional components of meaning.

Form blendings.

Derivational affixes serve:

To form different words.

To convey grammatical meaning.

To build different forms of one and the same word.

To form only neologisms.

To connect parts of blendings.

A paradigm is:

The system of the grammatical forms of a word.

The system of the lexical meanings of a word.

The system of the morphological changes of a word.

The system of the semantic changes of a word.

The system of the lexico-grammatical changes of a word.

Word-formation is the process of creating:

New words.

Root morphemes.

Affixation morphemes.

Grammatical forms of a word.

Bound stem.

Affixation is the formation of words:

By adding derivational affixes to stems.

By joining two or more stems.

By combining parts of two words.

By reducing a word to one of its parts.

By shortening a written word or phrase.

Conversion is a word-building process in which words are built:

By means of changing the paradigm.

By joining two or more stems together.

By adding word-building affixes to stems.

By combining parts of two words.

By shortening a written word or phrase.

Word composition is a word-building process in which words are built:

By joining two or more stems.

By adding derivational affixes to stems.

By means of changing the paradigm.

By combining parts of two words.

By clipping the beginning or the end of the word.

What is clipping?:

The result of reduction of a word to one of its parts.

The result of adding affixes to free stems.

The result of merging parts of words into one new word.

The result of subtracting a real or supposed suffix from existing words.

The result of shortening and compounding.

Which word-building ways are similar to compounding?:

Affixation.

Sound imitation.

Conversion.

Back formation.

Blending and reduplication.

What is blending?:

Telescoping, reduplication.

Sound and stress interchange.

Back-formation.

Sound imitation.

Affixation.

Which word -building type is similar to conversion?:

Adjectivization, adverbialization, substantivization.

Blending, telescoping, reduplication.

Sound and stress imitation.

Initial and final clipping.

Lexical and graphical abbreviations.

The basic aim of the derivational analysis of the word structure is:

To state the derivational pattern of the given word.

To point out the number of morphemes.

To define the degree of derivation of the primary stem.

To state the meaning of the word.

To find out the connection between the structural pattern of the word and its meaning.

Affixation, word-composition and conversion are:

Principal and productive ways of forming new words.

Non-productive ways of word-formation.

Minor types of word-building.

Morphosyntactically conditioned combinability of words.

Word-building patterns.

Sound imitation, reduplication, clipping, abbreviation are:

Minor types of word making.

Productive ways of word-building.

Principal ways of word-building.

Ways of making up phraselogical units.

Ways of changing syntactic pattern and paradigm of words.

Shortening is:

A significant subtraction of a word.

A common element of words.

A derived word.

The smallest meaningful unit.

Blending.

An allomorph is:

A positional variant of a morpheme.

An affix placed within a word.

An ultimate constituent of a word.

An association of a given meaning with a given sound.

A common element of words.

Hybrids are:

Words made up of affixes from two or more different languages.

Idiomatic compounds.

Removal of all functional and derivational elements.

Words which are made after existing patterns.

The smallest meaningful units.

Compound words are:

Words consisting of at least two stems which occur in the language as free forms.

Class of lexical elements possessing the same lexico-grammatical meaning.

Nouns denoting some feelings and state.

Derivational morphemes standing before the root.

The smallest meaningful unit.

Derivational compounds are:

Compound words that have affixes.

Words which provide the structural completeness of a word-group.

Derivational morphemes standing before the root.

Elements of set expressions which are structurally necessary.

Words made up of elements derived from two or more different languages.

Which of the following words are derived compounds?:

Well-formed, dishwasher, three-cornered.

Boyfriend, back-formation, wallflower.

Overestimate, subdivided, pseudo-compounds.

Refrigerators, appendicitis, violation.

Forget-me-not, information, disagreement.

According to the structure the words: fridge,pub, tech, 'USA, exam are:

Shortened.

Simple.

Compound.

Derived.

Blendings.

Which of these prefixes have the opposite meaning?:

Anti-, counter-, non-.

Be-, со-, extra-.

Ultra-, sub-, pre-.

Re-, со-, pre-.

De-, un-, over-.

Which of the following pairs of words has the verb derived from the noun?:

A monkey - to monkey.

A peel- to peel.

A help - to help.

A tramp - to tramp.

A jump - to jump.

What is the meaning of the underlined parts of words: monolingual, monosyllable, monologue

One.

Many.

All.

Every.

Each.

Check for the type of word-formation in the following words: UNO, NATO, laser, radar

Shortening.

Lexicalization.

Blending.

Back formation.

Sound imitation.

Which of the following words are Mendings?:

Ping-pong, topsy-turvy, walkie-talkie.

Beggar, to burgle, to edit.

Hanky, nighty, radar.

M. P., USA, BBC.

Smoke, brunch, clap.

Which of these nouns are derived from verbs?:

A break, a catch, a jump.

A pain, a tramp, a button

A pen, a weekend, a drink.

A cook, a button, a monkey.

A fall, a windlass, an act.

Which of the following words contain diminutive suffixes?:

Booklet, hanky.

Heroine, actress.

Poetic, picturesque.

Cloudy, girlish.

Funny, sunny.

Which of the following compounds are non-transparent?:

Wall-eye, fiddlesticks, bull's-eye.

Bookcase, weekend, bottle-opener.

Stone-cold, care-free, knowledge-greedy.

Center-forward, woman-doctor, eye-specialist.

Steamship, round-faced, sword-fish.

Which of the following compounds are non-transparent?:

Wall-eye, fiddlesticks, bull's-eye.

Bookcase, weekend, bottle-opener.

Stone-cold, care-free, knowledge-greedy.

Center-forward, woman-doctor, eye-specialist.

Steamship, round-faced, sword-fish.

The words pacifist, innocence, cordial have:

A bound stem.

A free stem.

A semi-bound stem.

A semi-free stem.

A compound stem.

Check for the line with asyntactic compounds:

Oil-rich, red-hot, home-grown.

Bluebell, slow-coach, mad-doctor.

Know-nothing, kill-joy, tell-tale.

Door-handle, day-time, time-table.

A green-house, a dancing-girl, missing-lists.

-er, -dom, -ness, -ation are:

Noun-forming suffixes.

Adjective -forming suffixes.

Adverb-forming suffixes.

Verb-forming suffixes.

Numeral-forming suffixes.

What is motivation?:

The connection between the structural pattern of the word and its meaning.

The connection between the structural pattern of the word and its sound-form.

The connection between the structural pattern of the word and the referent.

The connection between the structural pattern of the word and its graphical form.

The connection between the meaning of the word and referent.

What is the lexical meaning?:

The meaning proper to the given linguistic unit in all its forms and distributions.

The meaning proper to sets of word-forms common to all words of a certain class.

The component of meaning which makes communication possible.

The component of meaning that distinguishes one word from all others containing identical morphemes.

The component of meaning recurrent in identical sets of individual forms of different words.

What is the denotational meaning?:

The component of the lexical meaning which makes communication possible.

The component of meaning that considers emotive charge and stylistic reference of words.

The component of meaning that distinguishes one word from all others containing identical morphemes.

The component of meaning recurrent in identical sets of individual forms of different words.

The connotational meaning.

What is the connotational meaning?:

The component of meaning that considers emotive charge and stylistic reference of words.

The component of meaning that distinguishes one word from all others containing identical morphemes.

The component of meaning recurrent in identical sets of individual forms of different words.

The component of meaning recurrent in identical sets of individual forms of different words.

The denotational meaning.

What is context?:

The minimal stretch of speech determining each individual meaning of the word.

The structural patterns of phrases.

The derivational patterns of words.

A set of words united by the identity of the root.

A group of non-motivated words.

What is polysemy?:

The existence within one word of several connected meanings.

The ability of words to coincide in their sound forms.

The existence of contrastive meanings within a word.

The existence of only one meaning within words.

Words with opposite meanings.

What are homonyms?:

Words identical in their sound-form or in graphic form or in both, but different in meaning.

Words with identical sound and graphic forms..

Words differing in their morphemic structure but coinciding in their sound-form.

Words coinciding in some shades of meaning.

Words with opposite meanings.

What are synonyms?:

Words different in their sound-form, but identical or similar in some of their meanings.

Words with identical sound and graphic forms.

Words differing in their morphemic structure but coinciding in their sound-form.

Words identical in their sound-form or in graphic form or in both, but different in meaning.

Words with contrastive meanings.

What are antonyms?:

Words different in sound and graphic form and characterized by semantic polarity of denotational meaning.

Words different in their sound-form, but identical or similar in some of their meanings.

Words identical in their sound-form or in graphic form or in both, but different in meaning.

Words differing in their morphemic structure but coinciding in their sound-form.

Words with identical sound and different in their graphic forms.

Stylistic synonyms are;

Two words having the same denotational meaning but differing in stylistic connotation.

Words which differ in shades of meaning.

Words which differ in connotations;.

Words identical in their sound -form or in graphic form or in both, but different in

meaning.

Words which differ in their morphemic structure but coinciding in their sound-form.