The term “sociology” for the first time has appeared in the book of

• “Capital” by K.Marx

The social status as the category of sociology represents…

• a position of the person in the social system connected to belonging to group

The social role as the category of sociology represents…

• a set of expectations for people who occupy a given social position or status

Macrosociology is a …

• sociological investigation that concentrates on large-scale phenomena or entire civilisations

Microsociology is a …

• sociological investigation that stresses the study of small groups, often through experimental means

Two principal forms of survey research are the…

• Interview and questionnarie

Achieved status is…

• A social position that a person attains largely through his or her own efforts

Ascribed status is…

• A social position generally assumed to be fixed by birth or inheritance

Anomie, according to E.Durkheim, is …

• The loss of direction felt in a society when social control of individual behavior has become ineffective

Two main perspectives in explaining collective behavior -

• Emergent-norm and value-added perspectives

The system of economic relations in primitive society was based on the following characteristics…

• Hunting, collecting , absence of private property

The system of economic relations in slaveholding society was based on such characteristics…

• Operation of another’s work with full assignment of his products

The system of economic relations in feudal society was based on such characteristics…

• Labor, either natural, or the monetary rent, including by craft

The system of economic relations in capitalist society was based on such characteristics…

• Development of business, a competition, trade through a personal freedom

The system of economic relations in socialist society was based on such characteristics…

• A state ownership on all means of production

The system of sociopolitical relations in primitive society was based on…

• Elective board of elders

The system of sociopolitical relations in slaveholding society was based on…

• A unlimited monarchic despotism

The system of sociopolitical relations in feudal society was based on…

• Unlimited, or a moderate monarchy, at an opportunity of existence of trading republics

The system of sociopolitical relations in capitalist society was based on…

• Different variants of democracy and parliamentary

The system of sociopolitical relations in socialist society was based on…

• One-party dictatorship

The system of social-stratification relations in primitive society was based on presence of such social groups as…

• Stratification on age, sex, abilities, individualities

The system of social-stratification attitudes in slaveholding society was based on presence of such social groups as…

• Imperial family, small representation of aristocracy and slaves

The system of social-stratification attitudes in feudal society was based on presence of such social groups as…

• Imperial family, insignificant groups of nobility

The system of social-stratification attitudes in capitalist society was based on presence of such social groups as…

• Bankers, businessmen, proletariat, intelligencia, farmers

The system of social-stratification attitudes in socialist society was based on presence of such social groups as…

• Workers, collective farmers, intelligencia, party elite

Crowd is …

• A temporary gathering of people in close proximity who share a common focus or interest

Natural disaster is…

• A sudden or disruptive event that overtaxes a community’s resources, so that outside aid is necessary

Fads are …

• A temporary patterns of behavior involving large numbers of people; they spring up independently of preceding trends

Fashion is …

• A pleasurable mass involvements that feature a certain amount of acceptance by society

A panic is…

• A fearful arousal or collective flight based on a generalized belief that may or may not be accurate

Crazes are …

• An exciting mass involvement that lasts for a relatively long period

A rumor is …

• A piece of information gathered informally that is used to interpret an ambiguous situation

The term public refers to…

• A dispersed group of people, not necessarily in contact with one another, who share an interest in an issue

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35. The term public opinion refers to…

• Expressions of attitudes on matters of public policy that are communicated to decision makers

Three major assumptions of structural-functionalist perspective

• Stability, harmony, evolution

Three major assumptions of conflict perspective

• Competition, structural inequality, social change

Three major assumptions of symbolic perspective

• Symbolic meanings are important; meanings grow out of relationships; meanings are negotiated

Sociologists employ 2 techniques when they use of existing sources

• Secondary analysis and content analysis

The author of dramaturgical approach in sociology

• E.Goffman

The term “ideal type” was coined by…

• M.Weber

Subject of sociology as sciences acts on…

• Research of association of groups of society at a concrete stage of its development

Alienation is a …

• A condition of estrangement or disassociation from the surrounding society

The first sociological perspective is…

• Positivism

Talcott Parsons is a proponent of…

• Structural-functionalist perspective

Robert Merton is a proponent of…

• Structural-functionalist perspective

Erving Goffman is a proponent of…

• Interactionist perspective

George Herbert Mead is a proponent of…

• Interactionist perspective

Charles Horton Cooley is a proponent of…

• Interactionist perspective

Social inequality is …

• A condition in which members of society have differing amounts of wealth, prestige, or power

Economic Sociology as a science was emerged in …

• the XX century

Hunting-and-gathering society is…

• A preindustrial society in which people rely on whatever foods and fibres are readily available in order to survive

Horticultural society -

• A preindustrial society in which people plant seeds and crops rather than merely subsist on available foods

Agrarian society -

• The most technologically advanced form of preindustrial society. Members are engaged primarily in the production of food, but increase their crop yields through technological innovations such as the plow

Industrial society -

• A society that depends on mechanization to produce its goods and services

Postindustrial society -

• A society whose economic system is engaged primarily in the processing and control of information

Who is the founder of sociological science?

• A.Comte

Innovation is…

• The process of introducing a new idea or object to a culture through discovery or invention

Dysfunction is …

• An element or process of a society that may disrupt social system or reduce its stability

According to Merton’s theory manifest function is…

• An open, stated, and conscious function

According to Merton’s theory latent function is…

• An unconscious or unintended function that may hidden purposes

A research design is…

• A detailed plan or method for obtaining data scientifically

Evolutionary theory has developed by…

• H.Spenser

Class system is…

• A social ranking based primarily on economic position in which achieved characteristics can influence social mobility

The main limitation of observation is…

• Limited to data collected for some other purpose

The main limitation of experiment is…

• Ethical limitations on the degree to which subjects’ behavior can be manipulated

The main limitation of survey is…

• Can be expensive and time-consuming

The main limitation of existing sources is…

• Involves months if not years of labor-intensive data

Survey is …

• A method that involves asking a relatively large number of people the same set of standardized questions

Experiment is …

• An artificially created situation that allows a researcher to manipulate variables

Observation is …

• A research technique in which an investigator collects information through direct participation and/or by closely watching a group or community

Interview is …

• A face-to-face or telephone questioning of a respondent to obtain desired information

2 Terms “mechanical solidarity” and “organic solidarity” were coined by

• E.Durkheim

An ideal type is …

• A construct or model for evaluating specific cases

Basic steps in sociological research are…

• Defining the problem, reviewing the literature, formulating the hypothesis, collecting and analysing data, developing the conclusion

A sociological approach that assumes that social behavior is best understood in terms of conflict or tension between competing groups is …

• Conflict perspective

Sociology as a science was emerged in …

• France

The term “sociology” was coined by …

• A.Comte

An economic system in which the means of productions are held largely in private hands, and the main incentive for economic activity is the accumulation of profits is…

• Capitalism

An economic system under which the means of production and distribution are collectively owned is …

• Socialism

An economic system under which all property is communally owned and no social distinctions are made on the basis of people's ability to produce

• Communism

A sample is …

• A selection from a larger population that is statistically representative of that population

Object of sociological study is…

• Society

Horizontal mobility is …

• The movement of an individual from one social position to another of the same rank