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5.3 Production sanitation and health

Under the influence of the equipment and processes in the work area, a certain external environment. Climate is characterized by the content of hazardous substances, noise, vibration, radiation, light workplace. All sanitary factors quantitatively measured and normalized according to the standards.

Requirements to noise and vibration. When the main work in all areas of the personal computer and the server noise in the workplace should not exceed 50 dB. Dinning equipment (printers, etc.), which exceed the noise levels normalized, should be outdoors with a personal computer and a server. In the laboratory, "NIT" noise level does not exceed 50 dB when all PCs and servers are working.

Lighting requirements of premises and workplaces. The illumination on the table in the zone of the working paper should be 400lk. Should be limited to the direct glare from light sources, and the brightness of the illuminated surfaces (windows, light fixtures, etc.), within the field of view, should be no more than 200 C/m2. It is necessary to limit the reflected glare on work surfaces (screen, desk, keyboard, etc.) by proper selection of lighting fixtures and layout of workplaces in relation to sources of natural and artificial light, and the brightness of the glare on the screen of a personal computer should not exceed 40 cd/m2 and the brightness of the ceiling, the application of indirect lighting shall not exceed 200 cd/m2. Glare factor for the sources of artificial lighting in common areas should be no more than 40 to 25 classrooms. Should be limited to the uneven distribution of brightness in the field of view of the user PC with the brightness ratio between the working surfaces must not exceed 3:1 - 5:1, and between the working surfaces and wall surfaces and equipment 10:1. Brightness lamps for general lighting in the area of ​​radiation angles from 50 degrees to 90 degrees to the vertical in the longitudinal and transverse planes should not exceed 200 cd/m2, protective corner lamps must be at least 40 degrees. Local lighting fixtures should not be translucent reflector with protective angle of at least 40 degrees. Ripple should not exceed 5%, which should be achieved by the use of gas-discharge lamps in luminaires general and local lighting with high frequency ballast (HF) for all types of lamps.

In the laboratory applied artificial lighting. Laboratory has 4 fluorescent lamps. Fluorescent lamps have a higher light output compared to incandescent bulbs, more natural spectral composition of the radiation and longer life. Glass flask filled with mercury vapor and phosphor coating on the inside that converts the UV radiation of the gas discharge in the visible. Fluorescent lamps differ in size, shape, and spectrum of the radiation.

Types of radiation: radio, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet light, and ionizing radiation. All these types of radiation, has an electromagnetic nature different wavelength, frequency and energy. Ionizing radiation can be from the desktop. It is recommended, for example, to display the user's eye was from a distance no closer than 50-70 cm. Minister of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan from September 28, 2010 № 767 of continuous operation with a PC should not exceed 2 hours

Thermal radiation - is electromagnetic radiation emitted by matter and occurs due to the energy of thermal motion of atoms and molecules (ie, the internal energy). The source of radiation can be computers and server.

In industrial environments, where work on the PC is the main should be provided with the optimal parameters of the microclimate. During the cold period of the day the optimal parameters of the microclimate of the laboratory: air temperature 21-24C, humidity 40-60%, air velocity of 0.1 m/s. In the warm period of the day the optimal parameters of the microclimate of the laboratory: air temperature 22-25C, humidity 40-60%, air speed of 0.1 m/s.

Ventilation - a set of interconnected devices and processes designed to create an organization of ventilation, consisting in the removal of contaminated industrial premises or superheated (cooled) air supply instead of clean and cold (hot) air, which poses will creates in the work area favorable ambient air. In the laboratory "NIT", used the mechanical ventilation. Exhaust systems for mechanical ventilation or remove the dust-laden air is polluted gases at any distance from the workplace or the shop, as well as clean the air of dust before throwing it into the atmosphere. Supply and exhaust systems can be turned on and off at any time, their work supervises staff. Because of these advantages, mechanical ventilation is more widely used than the natural.

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