Task 5. Find the following word combinations in the text “Barristers and Solicitors”. Read the sentences and translate them

interpretation of the law	needs of the client
matters of law	presentation of civil / criminal cases
matters involving litigation	court procedure
experts on advocacy	skilled legal advice
two branches of the profession	a member of the Inns of Court
art of presenting cases	working garb
exclusive right of audience	multinational partnerships

Task 6. Make up all possible word combinations, using the words from both columns

A	B
a practicing	court
an accused	case
a legal	action
a difficult	figure
an exclusive	advocate
a superior	lawyer
an ancient	person
an instructing	consultant
a public	service
an inferior	point
an English	right
a civil	solicitor
a criminal	organization
a major	office
a remote	conduct
a professional	role

Task7. Give Ukrainian equivalents to the word combinations given below

to hold a profession	to attain a real degree of objectivity
to advise on difficult points	to attain a real degree of independence of mind
to have direct contact	to take the examinations of the Bar Counsel
to form partnership	to concentrate on the art of advocacy
to have public offices	to concentrate on the court procedure
to qualify as a barrister	to concentrate on the rules of evidence
to be self-employed	to give specialist legal advice and help.
to share offices	to provide clients with skilled legal advice
to become a judge	to provide clients with representation
to deal with petty crimes	to represent clients in court in divorce cases
to recover some debts	to deal with some matrimonial matters
to carry on legal arguments	to wear black gown over ordinary clothes
to work in private practice	to administer the estates of people, who died
to offer services to client	to allow multinational partnerships
to start business on your own	to become less distinct

Task 8. Find out the meaning of the following words and words-combinations, grouping them in column A (“an official”) and column B (“a body”)

Justice of the Peace, the House of Lords, the High Court, a solicitor, Magistrates, the Crown Court, Circuit Judges, District Judges, the County Court, the Magistrates’ Court, Minister of Justice, a barrister, the final appellate court, the Home Secretary, the Lord Chancellor, the Court of Appeal, a coroner, a government, an advocate.

Task 9. Translate the following sentences:

1. Barristers (in England and Wales) are specialists in advocacy, representing individuals or organisations in court, under instruction from a solicitor or another designated professional.

2. Solicitors’ work covers a broad range, including advising commercial and private clients on business matters and property and undertaking litigation.

3. An increasing number of employed barristers work in private and public organisations.

4. The degree of specialisation of solicitors’ firms varies enormously.

5. Most barristers’ work is confined to litigation, although some do largely advisory work, for example on taxation or company matters.

6. A solicitor has overall conduct of a case and develops a working relationship with the client, which can be rewarding.

7. Until 2004, barristers were prohibited from seeking or accepting "instructions" (that is, being hired) directly by the clients whom they represent. The involvement of a solicitor was compulsory.

8. While solicitors are regulated by the Law Society, barristers are governed by the General Council of the Bar and the individual Inns of Court.

9. The Bar Vocational Course is exclusively focused on the skills and knowledge required of an advocate: litigation, evidence, drafting, advocacy, etc.

10. The Law Society of England and Wales is the professional association that regulates and represents the solicitors’ profession in England and Wales.

Task 10. Make the following sentences complete by translating the phrases in brackets

1. Some (солісітори) qualify for (виключне право виступати) in the higher courts, with some City firms encouraging this.

2. The vast majority of barristers’ (адвокатських контор) are to be found in major towns and cities whereas there’s a firm of (солісіторів) on practically every high street.

3. (Барістери) are expected to conform to high standards of dress, ethics and (професійної) conduct.

4. For many barristers, the eventual aim is to become a (королівським адвокатом) (QC), which involves leading in very serious (справах), or entering the (судові органи) as an assistant recorder prior to becoming a (суддею).

5. Solicitors have rights of audience in the (нижчих судах) and although many do no (захист) some do a substantial amount.

6. A (солісітор) has overall conduct of a (справи) and develops a working (відносини) with the (клієнтом), which can be rewarding.

7. A (барістер) may have little opportunity (розвивати відносини) to develop any relationship with the client.

8. Solicitors are employed by their firms and receive a regular (зарплату) – if they become (партнерами), they will essentially ‘own’ part of the firm and be awarded a percentage of its (прибутків).

9. Barristers, on the other hand, are (працюють не за наймом) and are (відповідальні) for their own finances – they must do their (рахунки) themselves or hire an accountant for that purpose.

10. (Судові Інни) are independent societies that are titularly responsible for the training, admission (calling) and discipline of barristers.

Task 11. Complete the sentence by translating the phrases from the right column

Barristers are generally involved in...

розуміння та інтерпретування закону. дослідження питань права. написання думок та консультування солісіторів та інших професіоналів. підготовку справ до судового розгляду. підготовку правових аргументів. представлення аргументів в суді. проведення допиту та перехресного допита свідків. консультування з питань права та свідчень. складання юридичних документів. обговорення врегулювання справ.

Task 12. Read the sentences and match the highlighted words to their synonyms below

practise, undertake, practitioners, provide, bodies, pupillage, self-employed, attractions, conform, ownership

1. Barristers, on the other hand, are working for yourselvesand are responsible for their own finances – they must do their accounts themselves or hire an accountant for that purpose.

2. However, a barrister cannot be engaged inany work that requires him to hold funds on behalf of their client.

3. Alternatively, barristers may choose to workat the Employed Bar and apply for positions with in-house legal services departments in commercial companies or public sector organisations.

4. Currently, new barristers must spend at least twelve months in apprenticeship, usually split into two six-month periods (called sixes) with the same or different chambers.

5. Some civil lawyersspend more of their time dealing with cases out of court.

6. The Inns arrangeeducational and social support for barristers and student barristers, including libraries, dining halls and common rooms.

7. Barristers are expected to correspondto high standards of dress, ethics and professional conduct.

8. A barrister is in principle required to act for any client offering a proper fee, regardless of the advantagesor disadvantages of a case.

9. Conveyancing is the act of transferring the legal possessionof a property from one person to another.

10. Direct access to barristers by members of certain recognized professional agencies has been allowed since 1989.

Task 13. Translate into English:

1. Юридична професія в Англії та Уельсі поділяються на дві гілки, кожна виконує визначені обов’язки.

2. Баристери мають вищу юридичну освіту.

3. Баристери значно відрізняються від солісіторів.

4. Солісітор може бути занятим не тільки у судовому процесі.

5. Баристери - це фахівці в галузі тлумачення законів.

6. Солісітор також має справи поза межами суду.

7. Баристер - досить відособлена фігура.

8. Деякі солісітори кваліфікуються за право виступати в вищих судах.

9. Для того, щоб стати баристером, необхідно здати екзамени в Раді адвокатів.

10. Солісітори традиційно булі здатні з’являтися як адвокати тільки в нижчих судах (тобто магістратських судах та судах графства) і трибуналах.