1. There are no special … for constitutional rules

A security measures

B safety measures

C precautionary measures

D equivalent measures

2. The English constitution has no existence apart from the … law.

A ordinary

B customary

C usual

D routine

3. There have been no violent changes in the constitution since the 'bloodless revolution' of … .

A 1688

B 1730

C 1698

D 1745

3. Since … the power of Parliament has grown steadily, while the power of the monarch has weakened.

A 1869

B 1878

C 1890

D 1867

5. In … the first parliament of nobles met together.

A 1264

B 1356

C 1289

D 1365

6. The constitution of the Weimar Republic … in 1949.

A brought into force

B brought into effect

C brought into line

D brought into court

7. Constitution is the body of… and practices that form the fundamental organizing principles of a political state.

A doctrines

B teachings

C tenets

D dogmas

8. This Bill prevented the monarch from making laws or raising an army without Parliament's … .

A approval

B approbation

C commendation

D sanction

9. The Reform Acts of 1832, 1867 and 1884 … the vole to large numbers of male citizens.

A gave

B brought

C took

D got out

10. That comes to be almost … as ‘The Constitution.'

A venerated

B revered

C held in reverence

D regarded with reverence

Task 19. Read the text and discuss with your partner its main items as well as the differences of the contemporary Constitution of Ukraine and the Constitution of Pylyp Orlyk

The Constitution of Pylyp Orlyk or Pacts and Constitutions of Rights and Freedoms of the Zaporizhian Host was a 1710 constitutional document written by Hetman Pylyp Orlyk. It established a democratic standard for the separation of powers in government between the legislative, executive, and judiciary branches. The Constitution also limited the executive authority of the hetman, and established a democratically elected Cossack parliament called the General Council. Pylyp Orlyk's Constitution was unique for its historic period, and was one of the first state constitutions in Europe.

After the Battle of Poltava when Charles XII of Sweden and Hetman Ivan Mazepa armies were defeated by Peter I of Russia, Pylyp Orlyk remained on the side of Mazepa. Together, Orlyk and Mazepa retreated to the city of Bendery, at the time part of the Ottoman Empire. Zaporizhian Cossack Army also settled in this area.

When Ivan Mazepa died on 5 April 1710, Pylyp Orlyk was elected Hetman. On the same day, "Pacts and Constitutions of Rights and Freedoms of the Zaporizhian Host" was declared. Hence, Orlyk's Constitution is sometimes referred to by the city of its proclamation - Bendery.

The document is made up of a preamble and 16 articles.

The preamble briefly discusses cossack history, the rise and fall of the Zaporizhian Sich after under Bohdan Khmelnytsky it rebelled against the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth to serve the Imperial Russia. Using all available means, Moscow limited and nullified rights and freedoms of the Zaporizhian Host going as far as subjugating the free cossack nation, states the introduction. Ivan Mazepa's politics and alliance with Charles XII of Sweden are explained as logical and inevitable, mandated by the need to free the homeland. The independence of the new state from Russia was the primary goal of the Bendery Constitution.

Articles 1-3 dealt with general Ukrainian affairs. They proclaimed the Orthodox faith to be the faith of Ukraine, and independent of the patriarch of Moscow. The Sluch River was designated as the boundary between Ukraine and Poland. The articles also recognized the need for an anti-Russian alliance between Ukraine and the Crimean Khanate.

Articles 4-5 reflected the interests of the Zaporozhian Cossacks, who constituted the overwhelming majority of the Bendery emigration. The Hetman was obligated:

to expel, with the help of Charles XII, the Russians from Zaporozhian territories

to grant the town of Trakhtymyriv to the Zaporozhians to serve as a hospital, and

to keep non-Zaporozhians away from Zaporozhian territories

Articles 6-10 limited the powers of the hetman and established a unique Cossack parliament, similar to an extended council of officers, which met three times a year. The General Council was to consist not only of the general staff and the regimental colonels, but also of "an outstanding and worthy individual from each regiment."

Articles 11-16 protected the rights of towns, limited the taxation of peasants and poor Cossacks, and restricted the innkeepers.

Task 20. Read the texts and make the written translation of the texts into Ukrainian

І. The term constitution comes from Latin and originates from the word constitutio which means structure, establishment. "The Dictionary of the Words of Foreign Origin" defines constitution as the "supreme law which provides the basis for the political, economic and legal systems of the state. The Constitution outlines the form of the government, the procedure to establish central and local state bodies as well as their powers and the principles of functioning; it also defines the election system, the rights and obligations of the citizens, the organization and principles of administering justice etc.

The sources of contemporary European Constitutionalism could be traced to medieval England, where in 1215 king John Lackland, under the pressure of rebelled barons and citizens, had to approve of the Magna Charta, which for the first time in history legally limited the king's power.

The first world-wide known constitution was the Constitution of the United States of America adopted in 1787. The young democratic state, established by the colonists from Europe in North America, immediately legally secured the separation of powers, the sovereign will of the people, the provision of natural human rights. The Bill of Rights, adopted in 1791, and incorporated into the US Constitution, specifically concerns the human rights issues.

ІІ. The task of any constitution is to establish specific rules for the most important social relations. Article I of the Constitution of Ukraine deals with this issue.

This article states that: "Ukraine is a sovereign and independent, democratic, social, law-governed state."

Sovereignty is one of the oldest categories of the constitutional law. In the medieval times the word sovereign was synonymic to monarch. In the XVI century J. Bodin, an outstanding thinker, suggested the idea of public sovereignty, according to which people are the only source of power in any state. "Sovereignty and independence of a state mean that its power is supreme, full, independent and indivisible in any relations within the borders of this state, as well as its independence and equality in any relations with other states"

For the Ukrainian state, being democratic means to create favourable conditions to involve its citizens into state affairs administration.

While characterizing Ukraine as a social state, the Constitution provides for the large-scale and efficient policy to guarantee human rights and to establish educational, health-care and social security systems available for all strata of the population.