LESSON 1
Family Relations
It is not flesh and blood but the heart which makes us fathers and sons.
Family faces are magic mirrors. Looking at people who belong to us, we see the past, present, and future.
Treat your family like friends and your friends like family.
TOPICAL VOCABULARY
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1. Name |
1. Ім’я |
|
name / first name / Christian name |
ім’я |
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patronymic / middle name |
по батькові |
|
surname / second name / family name / last name |
прізвище |
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maiden name / nickname |
дівоче прізвище / прізвисько |
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to call(ed) smb after |
назвати когось на честь |
|
2. Age |
2. Вік |
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to be (was / were; been) born |
народитися |
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generation |
покоління |
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teenager |
підліток |
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grown up / adult |
дорослий |
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middle aged (elderly) person |
літня людина |
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to die(ed) of an illness / for one’s country |
померти через хворобу / за країну |
|
3. Origin |
3. Походження |
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to have roots at / to be / to come from |
мати коріння з / походити від |
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countryman |
співвітчизник |
|
4. Family |
5. Сім’я |
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relatives close / distant |
родичі близькі / далекі |
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ancestors |
пращури (предки) |
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spouse: husband / wife |
один із подружжя: чоловік / дружина |
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parents: father (dad, daddy) / mother (mum) |
батьки: батько / мати |
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child (children, pl.): son / daughter |
дитина (діти, мн.): син / дочка |
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first-born / baby / toddler |
первісток / новонароджена дитина / дитина, яка починає ходити |
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the only child / twins / triplets |
єдина дитина / близнюки / трійнята |
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grandfather (grandpa / granddad) / grandmother (granny / grandma) |
дідусь / бабуся |
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grandparents / great grandparents |
дідусь і бабуся (разом) / прабатьки (прадідусь і прабабуся) |
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grandson / granddaughter |
онук / онучка |
|
uncle / aunt |
дядько / тітка |
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cousin |
двоюрідний брат / сестра |
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nephew / niece |
племінник (небіж) / племінниця (небога) |
|
in-laws |
родичі чоловіка / жінки |
|
father-in-law / mother-in-law |
тесть, свекор / теща, свекруха |
|
son-in-law / daughter-in-law |
зять / невістка |
|
to adopt(ed) |
усиновити / удочерити |
|
orphan / orphanage |
сирота / притулок для дітей |
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step(foster) child / half brother(sister) |
нерідна дитина / зведений брат (сестра) |
|
step(foster) parents |
нерідні батьки |
|
to christen(ed) a child |
охрестити дитину |
|
godfather / godmother |
хрещений / хрещена |
|
godson / goddaughter |
хрещеник / хрещениця |
|
to be pregnant / carry(ed) a child / to expect(ed) a baby |
бути вагітною / очікувати дитину |
|
to give birth to a child |
народити дитину |
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to bring (brought; brought) up / to raise(ed) |
виховувати дитину |
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to take after / to resemble(d) |
бути схожим (на) |
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to inherit(ed) |
успадкувати |
|
5. Marriage |
6. Шлюб |
|
date(ed) / to go out with |
побачення / ходити на побачення / зустрічатись із кимось |
|
single / married |
неодружений (незаміжня) / одружений (заміжня) |
|
bachelor / spinster |
парубок (холостяк) / стара діва |
|
to become engaged with smb / engagement |
заручитися з кимось / заручини |
|
to propose (proposal) |
освідчитися (освідчення) |
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to marry(ied) smb / to get married with |
одружитися (вийти заміж) |
|
wedding (civil / church) |
весілля (цивільне / вінчання) |
|
bridegroom (fiancé) / bride (fiancée) |
наречений / наречена |
|
best-man / bridesmaid |
боярин / дружка |
|
newly-weds / just married / happy couple |
щойно одружені / щаслива пара |
|
to go on a honeymoon |
поїхати в медовий місяць |
|
to divorce(d) / divorce |
розлучитися / розлучення |
|
ex-husband / ex-wife |
колишній чоловік / дружина |
|
widow / widower |
вдова / вдівець |
Introductory text English Family Life
Notes to the text:
|
the affairs of the home – домашні справи castle – фортеця, замок used to – тут: раніше (позначає дії, що були звичними в минулому to be caused – спричинятися new laws – нові закони to increase – зростати, збільшуватися one marriage in every three – одне із трьох одружень take responsibility – брати відповідальність keep in touch – підтримувати зв'язок treat their children as equals – відноситися до дітей як до рівних собі (за віком) make decisions – приймати рішення |
be more involved – приймати активнішу участь increased leisure facilities – збільшення можливостей для відпочинку opportunities – можливості family holiday – сімейний відпочинок older generation – старше покоління pensioners – пенсіонери entirely independently – повністю незалежно to support the increasing number of elderly – підтримувати зростаючу кількість людей похилого віку private or state owned – у приватній чи державній власності |
The English are a nation of stay-at-home. “There is no place like home,” they say. And when the man is not working he is at home in the company of his wife and children and busies himself with the affairs of the home. “The Englishman’s home is his castle,” is a saying known all over the world. And it is true.
A “typical” British family used to consist of mother, father and two children, but in recent years there have been many changes in family life. Some of these have been caused by new laws and others are the result of changes in society. For example, since the law made it easier to get a divorce, the number of divorces has increased. In fact one marriage in every three now ends in divorce. This means that there are a lot of one-parent families. Society is now more tolerant than it used to be of unmarried people, unmarried couples and single parents.
You might think that marriage and the family are not so popular as they once were. However, the majority of divorced people marry again, and they sometimes take responsibility for a second family.
Members of a family – grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins – keep in touch, but they see less of each other than they used to. This is because people often move away from their home town to work, and so the family becomes less united. Christmas is the traditional season for reunions.
Relationships within the family are different now. Parents treat their children more as equals than they used to, and children have more freedom to make their own decisions. The father is more involved with bringing up children, often because the mother goes out to work. Increased leisure facilities and more money mean that there are greater opportunities outside the home. Although the family holiday is still an important part of family life (usually taken in August, and often abroad) many children have holidays away from their parents, often with a school party or other organized group.
Who looks after the older generation? There are about 10 million old-age pensioners in Britain, of whom about 750,000 cannot live entirely independently. The government gives financial help in the form of a pension but in the future it will be more and more difficult for the nation economy to support the increasing number of elderly. At the present time, more than half of all old people are looked after at home. Many others live in Old Peoples’ Homes, which may be private or state owned.
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Comprehension questions.
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What type of nation are the English?
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What caused family changes in Britain?
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What’s the traditional season for relatives’ reunion?
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What changes can be observed in relationships between children and parents?
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How and by whom is older generation looked after?
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Find in the text English equivalents to the following.
Нація домосидів, зайнятий домашніми справами, приказка, зміни у суспільстві, розлучитися, неповноцінна сім’я, толерантний, неодружені пари, покинути домівки, традиційний час возз’єднання, мати більше свободи, виховання дітей, доглядати літніх людей, надавати фінансову допомогу, притулок для людей похилого віку.
VOCABUALARY PRACTICE
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Fill in the missing vowels into the words expressing relations in the family.
1. a h _ sb _ nd 10.tw _ ns
2. an _ ncl _ 11. gr _ ndp _ r _ nts
3. a st _ pm _ th _ r 12. a m _ rr _ _ g _
4. an _ _ nt 13. _ nc _ st _rs
5. a d _ _ ght _r 14. a h _ n _ _ m _ _n
6. a n _ ph _ w 15. an _ rph _ n
7. a n _ _ c _ 16. d _st _ nt r _ l _t _ v _ s
8. a f _ th _ r - _ n – l _ w 17. a sp _ nst _ r
9. a c _ _ s _ n 18. a h _ lf – br _ th _ r