10. Theme for essay’s work.

THEME 1. Introduction to Philosophy.

What does philosophy discover? (the subject discovers essence of human being (or life) and destination of the human). Philosophy as an attempt to come to a systematic understanding of the world through the use of reason and logic. Philosophy as humanitarian discipline (it learns students to develop their thinking and speech).

THEME 2. The Ancient Philosophy of East.

What is the meaning of ancient Indian philosophy? What is the differences between Chinese and Indian philosophy? Confucianism as moral – ethical system of Chinese philosophy. Buddhism as religion and philosophical system. Development of religions in Ancient India.

THEME 3. The Ancient West Philosophy.

Heraclitus of Ephesus Heraclitus is an example of the Pre-Socratic philosopher. Parmenides and the other Eleatic philosophers. Leucippus, Democritus and the other Atomists. Protagoras and the Sophists. Empedocles. The schools of Hellenistic period: Cynicism, Hedonism, Eclecticism, Neo-Platonism, Skepticism, Stoicism, Epicureanism.

THEME 4. The Medieval Philosophy.

Rationalism, nominalism, peripatetism. Philosophy and religion in Middle ages. Advocators of God’s existence. Peripatetic debates of the 12th and 13th century. Nominalist and Voluntarist conflicts of the 14th and 15^th. Albertus Magnus and Thomas Aquinas philosophies. Pepresentatives of Arabian philosophy.

THEME 5. Philosophy of Renaissance period

The emergence and growth of humanism. Major changes in art, music, literature and religion. Development of art, music, literature. Anthropologism, humanism and philosophy of nature. Popularity of archeology and discovery of ancient Roman and Greek constructions. Works of Renaissance philosophers. Assimilation of Platonic philosophy into Christianity by means of translation and interpretation.

THEME 6. Enlightenment philosophy.

A human being as a part of the whole limited in time and space. Enlightenment philosophy is a period marked by significant changes. Montesquieu, J. J. Rousseau, Voltaire, Diderot are the representatives of Enlightenment. The problem of matter and the universe. Economic, social, intellectual and cultural developments in this period.

THEME 7. German philosophy XVIII – XIX centuries.

Hegel as one of the greatest characters of German philosophy. The light of reality within the darkness of abstraction. ‘Critique of Pure Reason’ and ‘The Metaphysics of Ethics’ of I. Kant. Dialectical reasoning in the process of thinking. Transcendental philosophy of I. Kant.

THEME 8 Kazakh national philosophy.

Ancient nomadic culture of Kazakhstan. Islam as religion and philosophy. “Alashorda” movement. Outstanding Arabian thinkers. National folklore in modern Kazakhstan. Contemporary social, political and philosophical doctrines.

THEME 9 The nineteenth century philosophy.

The famous nineteenth century philosophers. Saint-Simonian movement in France and Hegelianism in Germany. The predominant motives of Kierkegaard's thought. Nietzsche’s "trans-valuations of values." The influence of Hegelian movements. The peculiarities of the nineteenth century philosophy.

THEME 10 Contemporary philosophy.

Directions and schooles in philosophy of XX century. Lingvistic revolution in contemporary philosophy. Postmodernism in modern culture. Postpositivism and poststructuralism. Spiritual values in contemporary philosophy. Science and philosophy. Ananachronic conception of science. Standard scientific methods of investigation.

THEME 11 Social philosophy.

Philosophical structuralism and social philosophy. The system of spiritual values. The system of philosophical concepts as a methodological tool. Humanization of man and society. Most common foundations of contemporary social philosophy. The methodological role of principles of the contemporary social philosophy.

THEME 12 Philosophy of science.

The implications of quantum mechanics for our understanding of causality. The main issues of the philosophy of science. Experimentation, logical deduction, and rational thought as instruments of philosophy. . Coherentism, skepticism and foundationalism.

THEME 13 Ontology.

The aims, tasks and problems of ontology. Noteworthy distinction between descriptive metaphysics and revisionist metaphysics. The opposition between descriptive and revisionist metaphysics. The questions on being throw the history of philosophy.

THEME 14 Problems of human in philosophy.

Self-consciousness as being "non-positional". Role of Self-consciousness in behaviour of people. Self. Shyness or introvertism as philosophical and psychological problem of Human. Self-consciousness as a critical mystery in ancient philosophy, psychology, biology, and artificial intellegence.

11. THEMES FOR SSWT.

THEME 1. Introduction to Philosophy.

Philosophy as a form of culture. The content of materialistic and idealistic philosophical traditions. Philosophy as self – consciousness of the human (personality) and humanity. Appliance of philosophy.

THEME 2. The Ancient Philosophy of East.

Vedic/Hindu texts and schools, Bhakti sects and Tantra Agamic schools. Spiritual bedrock of the Vedas, Veda Dharma, and their mystic issue, the meaning of Upanishads. Teachings of many great Hindu gurus through the ages. Spiritual bedrock od Taotezen. Book of Changes (I Ching), a divinatory set of 64 geometrical figures describing states and evolutions of the world.

THEME 3. The Ancient West Philosophy.

The early Greek thinkers. Philosophy and science in Aincent Greece. The philosophical system of Socrates. The logical system of Aristotel. Mythological explanations for the phenomena in Aincent Greece.

THEME 4. The Medieval Philosophy.

Fall of the Roman Empire. God within Medival philosophy, and through the dialog between Orthodox and Catholic theology. Specifics of islam philosophy. Rationalism and irrationalism in Middle ages. Philosophical mode of theo centrism.

THEME 5. Philosophy of Renaissance period

Development of antropologism, humanism and philosophy of nature. Renaissance as a period of recovery from the “Dark Ages”. Education as a centre within humanist movement. The emergence of a new form of philosophy known as Neoplatonism. M. Ficino is one of the most important humanists that contributed to the emergence of the Neoplatonism. Development of new schools designed to provide a broader education, which offers modern languages, geography and bookkeeping, preparing students for careers in business.

THEME 6. Enlightenment philosophy.

The Metaphysic of Space and Motion and the Wave Structure of Matter. Montesquieu, J. J. Rousseau, Voltaire, Diderot are the representatives of Enlightenment. Religion and art through the Humanism.

THEME 7. German philosophy XVIII – XIX centuries.

Analytical propositions and synthetic propositions. Hegel's philosophy as the history of theology transformed into a logical process. The light of reality within the darkness of abstraction. Pessimistic Schopenhauer's philosophy. ‘Critique of Pure Reason’ and ‘The Metaphysics of Ethics’ of I. Kant. The truth throw the Hegelian philosophy. The idea as the concrete concept which exists at first only in an abstract way.

THEME 8 Kazakh national philosophy.

Abai Kunanbaev - great poet, philosopher, writer, public figure, founder of the modern Kazakh written literature. Chokan Chingisovich Valihanov - the Great scientist-historian, ethnographer, geographer, economist, traveller. Kazakh philosophy in contemporary period.

THEME 9 The nineteenth century philosophy.

Main philosophical doctrines and schools. Will to power" is the ruling principle of all life. Renewed historical interest in medieval thought. The ideal of a "good European." The influence of Hegelian movements. Main philosophical doctrines in nineteenth century philosophy.

THEME 10 Contemporary philosophy.

Decay of classical philosophy in contemporary period. The conception of "truth is subjectivity". The nature and content of pragmatism. Pragmatism and scientism in philosophy.Personality in contemporary philosophy. Søren Kierkegaard as the "father of existentialism". Scientific theory of human nature.

THEME 11 Social philosophy.

Humanization of man and society. The principles of contemporary social philosophy. Most general issues of social philosophy. Contemporary philosophy as the means of both thinking and action. New social philosophy, as a feedback between man and the world. The methodological role of principles of the contemporary social philosophy.

THEME 12 Philosophy of science.

The nature of scientific statements, concepts, and conclusions. The implications of scientific methods. The types of reasoning used to arrive at conclusions and the formulation of the scientific method, including its limits

THEME 13 Ontology.

Formal ontology and classical ontology.. Rational theology (the study of God), rational psychology (the study of the soul) and rational cosmology (the study of the body). The counterpart of formal ontology. The `actual structure of our thoughts'. The aim of descriptive metaphysics and ontology in philosophy.

THEME 14 Problems of human in philosophy.

Self-consciousness is a unique type of consciousness. Role of Self-consciousness in behaviour of people. Spiritual and material values in society. Western conception of self. Self-consciousness as a motivator for social isolation.