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The Oxford 3000

d

The keywords of the Oxford 3000 have

been carefully selected by a group of language experts and experienced teachers as the words which should receive priority in vocabulary study because of their importance and usefulness. The selection is based on

three criteria.

The words which occur most frequently in English are included, based on the information in the British National Corpus and the Oxford Corpus Collection. (A corpus is an electronically held collection of written or spoken texts, often consisting of hundreds of millions of words.) However, being frequent in the corpus alone

is not enough for a word to qualify as a keyword: it may be that the word is used very frequently, but only in a narrowly defined area, such as newspapers or scientific articles. In order to avoid including these restricted words, we include as keywords only those words which are frequent across a range of different types of text. In other words, keywords are both frequent and used in a variety of contexts. In addition, the list includes some very important words which happen not to be used frequently, even though they are very familiar to most users of English. These include, for example, words for parts of the body, words used in travel, and words which are useful for explaining what you mean when you do not know the exact word for something. These words were identified by consulting a panel of over seventy experts in the fields of teaching and language study.

The words of the Oxford 3000 are shown in the main section of the dictionary in larger print, and with a key symbol d immediately following. On the CD-ROM the keywords are shown in red. The most useful parts of the entries (particular parts of speech, meanings, phrasal verbs and idioms) are marked with a small key symbol. The entries for keywords often have extra information in the form of more examples of use, special notes explaining synonyms or related words, or helpful illustrations. This means that the keywords make an excellent starting point for expanding your vocabulary. With most keywords, there is far more to learn about them than the first meaning in the entry: often these words have many meanings, have a large family of words

derived from them, or are used in a variety of patterns. All of this means that each one of the keywords repays close study.

The list covers British and American English. It is arranged to emphasize the connections between words, so that words which are very closely related (including adverbs ending in -ly and opposites starting with un-) are grouped

together. Some basic phrases are also included. Proper names (names of people, places, etc. beginning with a capital letter) and numbers are not included in the main list.

A separate list of words which are important for language study, but less important in everyday life, follows the main list. Knowing these words will help you to understand more of the information given in the entries, especially regarding the word’s grammar and register (whether it is formal, informal, etc.).

In order to make the definitions in this dictionary easy to understand, we have written them using the keywords of the Oxford 3000. All words used in normal definition text are keywords, or are on the list of language study terms. Numbers and proper names are also used in definitions. When it has been necessary to use a specialist term which is not in the Oxford 3000, the word is shown in small capitals, and in blue on the CD-ROM. If you do not know the meaning of this word, look it up in the dictionary: it will help you to understand the definition that you are interested in, and

will probably be a useful word to learn because it will be related to the original word you looked up.

The Oxford 3000

d

The Oxford 3000

a, an indefinite article

advertisement

an i a, an

arrest v., n.

abandon v.

(also ad, advert) n.

analyse (BrE)

arrival n.

abandoned adj.

advice n.

(NAmE analyze) v.

arrive v.

ability n.

advise v.

analysis n.

arrow n.

able adj.

affair n.

ancient adj.

art n.

unable adj.

affect v.

and conj.

article n.

about adv., prep.

affection n.

anger n.

artificial adj.

above prep., adv.

afford v.

angle n.

artificially adv.

abroad adv.

afraid adj.

angry adj.

artist n.

absence n.

after prep., conj., adv.

angrily adv.

artistic adj.

absent adj.

afternoon n.

animal n.

as prep., adv., conj.

absolute adj.

afterwards

ankle n.

ashamed adj.

absolutely adv.

(especially BrE) (NAmE

anniversary n.

aside adv.

absorb v.

usually afterward) adv.

announce v.

aside from

abuse n., v.

again adv.

annoy v.

i apart from

academic adj.

against prep.

annoying adj.

ask v.

accent n.

age n.

annoyed adj.

asleep adj.

accept v.

aged adj.

annual adj.

fall asleep

acceptable adj.

agency n.

annually adv.

aspect n.

unacceptable adj.

agent n.

another det., pron.

assist v.

access n.

aggressive adj.

answer n., v.

assistance n.

accident n.

ago adv.

anti- prefix

assistant n., adj.

by accident

agree v.

anticipate v.

associate v.

accidental adj.

agreement n.

anxiety n.

associated with

accidentally adv.

ahead adv.

anxious adj.

association n.

accommodation n.

aid n., v.

anxiously adv.

assume v.

accompany v.

aim n., v.

any det., pron., adv.

assure v.

according to prep.

air n.

anyone

at prep.

account n., v.

aircraft n.

(also anybody) pron.

atmosphere n.

accurate adj.

airport n.

anything pron.

atom n.

accurately adv.

alarm n., v.

anyway adv.

attach v.

accuse v.

alarming adj.

anywhere adv.

attached adj.

achieve v.

alarmed adj.

apart adv.

attack n., v.

achievement n.

alcohol n.

apart from (also aside

attempt n., v.

acid n.

alcoholic adj., n.

from especially in NAmE)

attempted adj.

acknowledge v.

alive adj.

prep.

attend v.

acquire v.

all det., pron., adv.

apartment n.

attention n.

across adv., prep.

allow v.

(especially NAmE )

pay attention

act n., v.

all right adj., adv.,

apologize

attitude n.

action n.

exclamation

(BrE also -ise) v.

attorney n.

take action

ally n., v.

apparent adj.

(especially NAmE )

active adj.

allied adj.

apparently adv.

attract v.

actively adv.

almost adv.

appeal n., v.

attraction n.

activity n.

alone adj., adv.

appear v.

attractive adj.

actor, actress n.

along prep., adv.

appearance n.

audience n.

actual adj.

alongside prep., adv.

apple n.

August n. (abbr. Aug.)

actually adv.

aloud adv.

application n.

aunt n.

ad i advertisement

alphabet n.

apply v.

author n.

adapt v.

alphabetical adj.

appoint v.

authority n.

add v.

alphabetically adv.

appointment n.

automatic adj.

addition n.

already adv.

appreciate v.

automatically adv.

in addition (to)

also adv.

approach v., n.

autumn n. (especially BrE)

additional adj.

alter v.

appropriate adj.

available adj.

address n., v.

alternative n., adj.

approval n.

average adj., n.

adequate adj.

alternatively adv.

approve (of) v.

avoid v.

adequately adv.

although conj.

approving adj.

awake adj.

adjust v.

altogether adv.

approximate adj.

award n., v.

admiration n.

always adv.

approximately adv.

aware adj.

admire v.

a.m. (NAmE also A.M.)

April n. (abbr. Apr.)

away adv.

admit v.

abbr.

area n.

awful adj.

adopt v.

amaze v.

argue v.

awfully adv.

adult n., adj.

amazing adj.

argument n.

awkward adj.

advance n., v.

amazed adj.

arise v.

awkwardly adv.

advanced adj.

ambition n.

arm n., v.

 

in advance

ambulance n.

arms n.

baby n.

advantage n.

among (also amongst)

armed adj.

back n., adj., adv., v.

take advantage of

prep.

army n.

background n.

adventure n.

amount n., v.

around adv., prep.

backwards (also backward

advertise v.

amuse v.

arrange v.

especially in NAmE) adv.

advertising n.

amusing adj.

arrangement n.

backward adj.

 

amused adj.

 

 

bacteria n.

beyond prep., adv.

bright adj.

careless adj.

bad adj.

bicycle (also bike) n.

brightly adv.

carelessly adv.

go bad

bid v., n.

brilliant adj.

carpet n.

badly adv.

big adj.

bring v.

carrot n.

bad-tempered adj.

bill n.

broad adj.

carry v.

bag n.

bin n. (BrE )

broadly adv.

case n.

baggage n.

biology n.

broadcast v., n.

in case (of)

(especially NAmE )

bird n.

broken i break

cash n.

bake v.

birth n.

brother n.

cast v., n.

balance n., v.

give birth (to)

brown adj., n.

castle n.

ball n.

birthday n.

brush n., v.

cat n.

ban v., n.

biscuit n. (BrE )

bubble n.

catch v.

band n.

bit n. (especially BrE)

budget n.

category n.

bandage n., v.

a bit

build v.

cause n., v.

bank n.

bite v., n.

building n.

CD n.

bar n.

bitter adj.

bullet n.

cease v.

bargain n.

bitterly adv.

bunch n.

ceiling n.

barrier n.

black adj., n.

burn v.

celebrate v.

base n., v.

blade n.

burnt adj.

celebration n.

based on

blame v., n.

burst v.

cell n.

basic adj.

blank adj., n.

bury v.

cellphone

basically adv.

blankly adv.

bus n.

(also cellular phone) n.

basis n.

blind adj.

bush n.

(especially NAmE)

bath n.

block n., v.

business n.

cent n. (abbr. c, ct)

bathroom n.

blonde adj., n.,

businessman,

centimetre (BrE)

battery n.

blond adj.

businesswoman n.

(NAmE centimeter) n.

battle n.

blood n.

busy adj.

(abbr. cm)

bay n.

blow v., n.

but conj.

central adj.

be v., auxiliary v.

blue adj., n.

butter n.

centre (BrE)

beach n.

board n., v.

button n.

(NAmE center) n.

beak n.

on board

buy v.

century n.

bear v.

boat n.

buyer n.

ceremony n.

beard n.

body n.

by prep., adv.

certain adj., pron.

beat n., v.

boil v.

bye exclamation

certainly adv.

beautiful adj.

bomb n., v.

 

uncertain adj.

beautifully adv.

bone n.

c abbr. i cent

certificate n.

beauty n.

book n., v.

cabinet n.

chain n., v.

because conj.

boot n.

cable n.

chair n.

because of prep.

border n.

cake n.

chairman,

become v.

bore v.

calculate v.

chairwoman n.

bed n.

boring adj.

calculation n.

challenge n., v.

bedroom n.

bored adj.

call v., n.

chamber n.

beef n.

born: be born v.

be called

chance n.

beer n.

borrow v.

calm adj., v., n.

change v., n.

before prep., conj., adv.

boss n.

calmly adv.

channel n.

begin v.

both det., pron.

camera n.

chapter n.

beginning n.

bother v.

camp n., v.

character n.

behalf n.:

bottle n.

camping n.

characteristic

on behalf of sb,

bottom n., adj.

campaign n.

adj., n.

on sb’s behalf

bound adj.: bound to

can modal v., n.

charge n., v.

(BrE) (NAmE in behalf of

bowl n.

cannot

in charge of

sb, in sb’s behalf)

box n.

could modal v.

charity n.

behave v.

boy n.

cancel v.

chart n., v.

behaviour (BrE)

boyfriend n.

cancer n.

chase v., n.

(NAmE behavior) n.

brain n.

candidate n.

chat v., n.

behind prep., adv.

branch n.

candy n. (NAmE )

cheap adj.

belief n.

brand n.

cap n.

cheaply adv.

believe v.

brave adj.

capable (of) adj.

cheat v., n.

bell n.

bread n.

capacity n.

check v., n.

belong v.

break v., n.

capital n., adj.

cheek n.

below prep., adv.

broken adj.

captain n.

cheerful adj.

belt n.

breakfast n.

capture v., n.

cheerfully adv.

bend v., n.

breast n.

car n.

cheese n.

bent adj.

breath n.

card n.

chemical adj., n.

beneath prep., adv.

breathe v.

cardboard n.

chemist n.

benefit n., v.

breathing n.

care n., v.

chemist’s n. (BrE )

beside prep.

breed v., n.

take care (of)

chemistry n.

bet v., n.

brick n.

care for

cheque (BrE )

betting n.

bridge n.

career n.

(NAmE check) n.

better, best i good, well

brief adj.

careful adj.

chest n.

between prep., adv.

briefly adv.

carefully adv.

chew v.

d

The Oxford 3000

d

The Oxford 3000

chicken n.

comedy n.

constant adj.

craft n.

chief adj., n.

comfort n., v.

constantly adv.

crash n., v.

child n.

comfortable adj.

construct v.

crazy adj.

chin n.

comfortably adv.

construction n.

cream n., adj.

chip n.

uncomfortable adj.

consult v.

create v.

chocolate n.

command v., n.

consumer n.

creature n.

choice n.

comment n., v.

contact n., v.

credit n.

choose v.

commercial adj.

contain v.

credit card n.

chop v.

commission n., v.

container n.

crime n.

church n.

commit v.

contemporary adj.

criminal adj., n.

cigarette n.

commitment n.

content n.

crisis n.

cinema n.

committee n.

contest n.

crisp adj.

(especially BrE)

common adj.

context n.

criterion n.

circle n.

in common

continent n.

critical adj.

circumstance n.

commonly adv.

continue v.

criticism n.

citizen n.

communicate v.

continuous adj.

criticize

city n.

communication n.

continuously adv.

(BrE also -ise) v.

civil adj.

community n.

contract n., v.

crop n.

claim v., n.

company n.

contrast n., v.

cross n., v.

clap v., n.

compare v.

contrasting adj.

crowd n.

class n.

comparison n.

contribute v.

crowded adj.

classic adj., n.

compete v.

contribution n.

crown n.

classroom n.

competition n.

control n., v.

crucial adj.

clean adj., v.

competitive adj.

in control (of)

cruel adj.

clear adj., v.

complain v.

under control

crush v.

clearly adv.

complaint n.

controlled adj.

cry v., n.

clerk n.

complete adj., v.

uncontrolled adj.

ct abbr. i cent

clever adj.

completely adv.

convenient adj.

cultural adj.

click v., n.

complex adj.

convention n.

culture n.

client n.

complicate v.

conventional adj.

cup n.

climate n.

complicated adj.

conversation n.

cupboard n.

climb v.

computer n.

convert v.

curb v.

climbing n.

concentrate v.

convince v.

cure v., n.

clock n.

concentration n.

cook v., n.

curious adj.

close /kl@Us,

concept n.

cooking n.

curiously adv.

NAmE kloUs/ adj.

concern v., n.

cooker n. (BrE)

curl v., n.

closely adv.

concerned adj.

cookie n.

curly adj.

close /kl@Uz,

concerning prep.

(especially NAmE)

current adj., n.

NAmE kl@Uz/ v.

concert n.

cool adj., v.

currently adv.

closed adj.

conclude v.

cope (with) v.

curtain n.

closet n.

conclusion n.

copy n., v.

curve n., v.

( especially NAmE )

concrete adj., n.

core n.

curved adj.

cloth n.

condition n.

corner n.

custom n.

clothes n.

conduct v., n.

correct adj., v.

customer n.

clothing n.

conference n.

correctly adv.

customs n.

cloud n.

confidence n.

cost n., v.

cut v., n.

club n.

confident adj.

cottage n.

cycle n., v.

cm abbr. i centimetre

confidently adv.

cotton n.

cycling n.

coach n.

confine v.

cough v., n.

 

coal n.

confined adj.

coughing n.

dad n.

coast n.

confirm v.

could i can

daily adj.

coat n.

conflict n., v.

council n.

damage n., v.

code n.

confront v.

count v.

damp adj.

coffee n.

confuse v.

counter n.

dance n., v.

coin n.

confusing adj.

country n.

dancing n.

cold adj., n.

confused adj.

countryside n.

dancer n.

coldly adv.

confusion n.

county n.

danger n.

collapse v., n.

congratulations n.

couple n.

dangerous adj.

colleague n.

congress n.

a couple

dare v.

collect v.

connect v.

courage n.

dark adj., n.

collection n.

connection n.

course n.

data n.

college n.

conscious adj.

of course

date n., v.

colour (BrE)

unconscious adj.

court n.

daughter n.

(NAmE color) n., v.

consequence n.

cousin n.

day n.

coloured (BrE)

conservative adj.

cover v., n.

dead adj.

(NAmE colored) adj.

consider v.

covered adj.

deaf adj.

column n.

considerable adj.

covering n.

deal v., n.

combination n.

considerably adv.

cow n.

deal with

combine v.

consideration n.

crack n., v.

dear adj.

come v.

consist of v.

cracked adj.

death n.

debate n., v.

diagram n.

dog n.

effect n.

debt n.

diamond n.

dollar n.

effective adj.

decade n.

diary n.

domestic adj.

effectively adv.

decay n., v.

dictionary n.

dominate v.

efficient adj.

December n.

die v.

door n.

efficiently adv.

(abbr. Dec.)

dying adj.

dot n.

effort n.

decide v.

diet n.

double adj., det., adv.,

e.g. abbr.

decision n.

difference n.

n., v.

egg n.

declare v.

different adj.

doubt n., v.

either det., pron., adv.

decline n., v.

differently adv.

down adv., prep.

elbow n.

decorate v.

difficult adj.

downstairs adv., adj., n.

elderly adj.

decoration n.

difficulty n.

downwards

elect v.

decorative adj.

dig v.

(also downward

election n.

decrease v., n.

dinner n.

especially in NAmE) adv.

electric adj.

deep adj., adv.

direct adj., v.

downward adj.

electrical adj.

deeply adv.

directly adv.

dozen n., det.

electricity n.

defeat v., n.

direction n.

Dr (BrE)

electronic adj.

defence (BrE )

director n.

(also Dr. NAmE, BrE) abbr.

elegant adj.

(NAmE defense) n.

dirt n.

i doctor

element n.

defend v.

dirty adj.

draft n., adj., v.

elevator n. (NAmE )

define v.

disabled adj.

drag v.

else adv.

definite adj.

disadvantage n.

drama n.

elsewhere adv.

definitely adv.

disagree v.

dramatic adj.

email (also e-mail) n., v.

definition n.

disagreement n.

dramatically adv.

embarrass v.

degree n.

disappear v.

draw v.

embarrassing adj.

delay n., v.

disappoint v.

drawing n.

embarrassed adj.

deliberate adj.

disappointing adj.

drawer n.

embarrassment n.

deliberately adv.

disappointed adj.

dream n., v.

emerge v.

delicate adj.

disappointment n.

dress n., v.

emergency n.

delight n., v.

disapproval n.

dressed adj.

emotion n.

delighted adj.

disapprove (of) v.

drink n., v.

emotional adj.

deliver v.

disapproving adj.

drive v., n.

emotionally adv.

delivery n.

disaster n.

driving n.

emphasis n.

demand n., v.

disc

driver n.

emphasize

demonstrate v.

(also disk, especially

drop v., n.

(BrE also -ise) v.

dentist n.

in NAmE) n.

drug n.

empire n.

deny v.

discipline n.

drugstore n. (NAmE )

employ v.

department n.

discount n.

drum n.

unemployed adj.

departure n.

discover v.

drunk adj.

employee n.

depend (on) v.

discovery n.

dry adj., v.

employer n.

deposit n., v.

discuss v.

due adj.

employment n.

depress v.

discussion n.

due to

unemployment n.

depressing adj.

disease n.

dull adj.

empty adj., v.

depressed adj.

disgust v., n.

dump v., n.

enable v.

depth n.

disgusting adj.

during prep.

encounter v., n.

derive v.

disgusted adj.

dust n., v.

encourage v.

describe v.

dish n.

duty n.

encouragement n.

description n.

dishonest adj.

DVD n.

end n., v.

desert n., v.

dishonestly adv.

 

in the end

deserted adj.

disk n.

each det., pron.

ending n.

deserve v.

dislike v., n.

each other

enemy n.

design n., v.

dismiss v.

(also one another) pron.

energy n.

desire n., v.

display v., n.

ear n.

engage v.

desk n.

dissolve v.

early adj., adv.

engaged adj.

desperate adj.

distance n.

earn v.

engine n.

desperately adv.

distinguish v.

earth n.

engineer n.

despite prep.

distribute v.

ease n., v.

engineering n.

destroy v.

distribution n.

east n., adj., adv.

enjoy v.

destruction n.

district n.

eastern adj.

enjoyable adj.

detail n.

disturb v.

easy adj.

enjoyment n.

in detail

disturbing adj.

easily adv.

enormous adj.

detailed adj.

divide v.

eat v.

enough det., pron., adv.

determination n.

division n.

economic adj.

enquiry (also inquiry

determine v.

divorce n., v.

economy n.

especially in NAmE) n.

determined adj.

divorced adj.

edge n.

ensure v.

develop v.

do v., auxiliary v.

edition n.

enter v.

development n.

undo v.

editor n.

entertain v.

device n.

doctor n.

educate v.

entertaining adj.

devote v.

(abbr. Dr, NAmE Dr.)

educated adj.

entertainer n.

devoted adj.

document n.

education n.

entertainment n.

d

The Oxford 3000

d

The Oxford 3000

enthusiasm n.

expectation n.

favourite (BrE)

follow v.

enthusiastic adj.

expense n.

(NAmE favorite) adj., n.

following adj., n., prep.

entire adj.

expensive adj.

fear n., v.

food n.

entirely adv.

experience n., v.

feather n.

foot n.

entitle v.

experienced adj.

feature n., v.

football n.

entrance n.

experiment n., v.

February n.

for prep.

entry n.

expert n., adj.

(abbr. Feb.)

force n., v.

envelope n.

explain v.

federal adj.

forecast n., v.

environment n.

explanation n.

fee n.

foreign adj.

environmental adj.

explode v.

feed v.

forest n.

equal adj., n., v.

explore v.

feel v.

forever

equally adv.

explosion n.

feeling n.

(BrE also for ever) adv.

equipment n.

export v., n.

fellow n., adj.

forget v.

equivalent adj., n.

expose v.

female adj., n.

forgive v.

error n.

express v., adj.

fence n.

fork n.

escape v., n.

expression n.

festival n.

form n., v.

especially adv.

extend v.

fetch v.

formal adj.

essay n.

extension n.

fever n.

formally adv.

essential adj., n.

extensive adj.

few det., adj., pron.

former adj.

essentially adv.

extent n.

a few

formerly adv.

establish v.

extra adj., n., adv.

field n.

formula n.

estate n.

extraordinary

fight v., n.

fortune n.

estimate n., v.

adj.

fighting n.

forward

etc. (full form et cetera)

extreme adj., n.

figure n., v.

(also forwards) adv.

euro n.

extremely adv.

file n.

forward adj.

even adv., adj.

eye n.

fill v.

found v.

evening n.

 

film n., v.

foundation n.

event n.

face n., v.

final adj., n.

frame n., v.

eventually adv.

facility n.

finally adv.

free adj., v., adv.

ever adv.

fact n.

finance n., v.

freely adv.

every det.

factor n.

financial adj.

freedom n.

everyone (also everybody)

factory n.

find v.

freeze v.

pron.

fail v.

find out sth

frozen adj.

everything pron.

failure n.

fine adj.

frequent adj.

everywhere adv.

faint adj.

finely adv.

frequently adv.

evidence n.

faintly adv.

finger n.

fresh adj.

evil adj., n.

fair adj.

finish v., n.

freshly adv.

ex- prefix

fairly adv.

finished adj.

Friday n. (abbr. Fri.)

exact adj.

unfair adj.

fire n., v.

fridge n. (BrE)

exactly adv.

unfairly adv.

set fire to

friend n.

exaggerate v.

faith n.

firm n., adj., adv.

make friends (with)

exaggerated adj.

faithful adj.

firmly adv.

friendly adj.

exam n.

faithfully adv.

first det.,

unfriendly adj.

examination n.

Yours faithfully (BrE )

ordinal number, adv., n.

friendship n.

examine v.

fall v., n.

at first

frighten v.

example n.

fall over

fish n., v.

frightening adj.

excellent adj.

false adj.

fishing n.

frightened adj.

except prep., conj.

fame n.

fit v., adj.

from prep.

exception n.

familiar adj.

fix v.

front n., adj.

exchange v., n.

family n., adj.

fixed adj.

in front (of)

in exchange (for)

famous adj.

flag n.

frozen i freeze

excite v.

fan n.

flame n.

fruit n.

exciting adj.

fancy v., adj.

flash v., n.

fry v., n.

excited adj.

far adv., adj.

flat adj., n.

fuel n.

excitement n.

further adj.

flavour (BrE)

full adj.

exclude v.

farm n.

(NAmE flavor) n., v.

fully adv.

excluding prep.

farming n.

flesh n.

fun n., adj.

excuse n., v.

farmer n.

flight n.

make fun of

executive n., adj.

farther, farthest i far

float v.

function n., v.

exercise n., v.

fashion n.

flood n., v.

fund n., v.

exhibit v., n.

fashionable adj.

floor n.

fundamental adj.

exhibition n.

fast adj., adv.

flour n.

funeral n.

exist v.

fasten v.

flow n., v.

funny adj.

existence n.

fat adj., n.

flower n.

fur n.

exit n.

father n.

flu n.

furniture n.

expand v.

faucet n. (NAmE )

fly v., n.

further, furthest i far

expect v.

fault n.

flying adj., n.

future n., adj.

expected adj.

favour (BrE)

focus v., n.

 

unexpected adj.

(NAmE favor) n.

fold v., n.

 

unexpectedly adv.

in favour/favor (of)

folding adj.

 

g abbr. i gram

grammar n.

heart n.

hunt v.

gain v., n.

grand adj.

heat n., v.

hunting n.

gallon n.

grandchild n.

heating n.

hurry v., n.

gamble v., n.

granddaughter n.

heaven n.

in a hurry

gambling n.

grandfather n.

heavy adj.

hurt v.

game n.

grandmother n.

heavily adv.

husband n.

gap n.

grandparent n.

heel n.

I pron.

garage n.

grandson n.

height n.

garbage n.

grant v., n.

hell n.

ice n.

(especially NAmE )

grass n.

hello exclamation, n.

ice cream n.

garden n.

grateful adj.

help v., n.

idea n.

gas n.

grave n., adj.

helpful adj.

ideal adj., n.

gasoline n. (NAmE )

gray (NAmE ) i grey

hence adv.

ideally adv.

gate n.

great adj.

her pron., det.

identify v.

gather v.

greatly adv.

hers pron.

identity n.

gear n.

green adj., n.

here adv.

i.e. abbr.

general adj.

grey (BrE ) (NAmE usually

hero n.

if conj.

generally adv.

gray) adj., n.

herself pron.

ignore v.

in general

grocery (especially BrE)

hesitate v.

ill adj. (especially BrE)

generate v.

(NAmE usually

hi exclamation

illegal adj.

generation n.

grocery store) n.

hide v.

illegally adv.

generous adj.

groceries n.

high adj., adv.

illness n.

generously adv.

ground n.

highly adv.

illustrate v.

gentle adj.

group n.

highlight v., n.

image n.

gently adv.

grow v.

highway n.

imaginary adj.

gentleman n.

grow up

(especially NAmE )

imagination n.

genuine adj.

growth n.

hill n.

imagine v.

genuinely adv.

guarantee n., v.

him pron.

immediate adj.

geography n.

guard n., v.

himself pron.

immediately adv.

get v.

guess v., n.

hip n.

immoral adj.

get on

guest n.

hire v., n.

impact n.

get off

guide n., v.

his det., pron.

impatient adj.

giant n., adj.

guilty adj.

historical adj.

impatiently adv.

gift n.

gun n.

history n.

implication n.

girl n.

guy n.

hit v., n.

imply v.

girlfriend n.

 

hobby n.

import n., v.

give v.

habit n.

hold v., n.

importance n.

give sth away

hair n.

hole n.

important adj.

give sth out

hairdresser n.

holiday n.

importantly adv.

give sth up

half n., det.,

hollow adj.

unimportant adj.

glad adj.

pron., adv.

holy adj.

impose v.

glass n.

hall n.

home n., adv.

impossible adj.

glasses n.

hammer n.

homework n.

impress v.

global adj.

hand n., v.

honest adj.

impressed adj.

glove n.

handle v., n.

honestly adv.

impression n.

glue n., v.

hang v.

honour (BrE)

impressive adj.

gm abbr. i gram

happen v.

(NAmE honor) n.

improve v.

go v.

happiness n.

in honour/honor of

improvement n.

go down

unhappiness n.

hook n.

in prep., adv.

go up

happy adj.

hope v., n.

inability n.

be going to

happily adv.

horizontal adj.

inch n.

goal n.

unhappy adj.

horn n.

incident n.

god n.

hard adj., adv.

horror n.

include v.

gold n., adj.

hardly adv.

horse n.

including prep.

good adj., n.

harm n., v.

hospital n.

income n.

good at

harmful adj.

host n., v.

increase v., n.

good for

harmless adj.

hot adj.

increasingly adv.

goodbye

hat n.

hotel n.

indeed adv.

exclamation, n.

hate v., n.

hour n.

independence n.

goods n.

hatred n.

house n.

independent adj.

govern v.

have v., auxiliary v.

housing n.

independently adv.

government n.

have to modal v.

household n., adj.

index n.

governor n.

he pron.

how adv.

indicate v.

grab v.

head n., v.

however adv.

indication n.

grade n., v.

headache n.

huge adj.

indirect adj.

gradual adj.

heal v.

human adj., n.

indirectly adv.

gradually adv.

health n.

humorous adj.

individual adj., n.

grain n.

healthy adj.

humour (BrE )

indoors adv.

gram (BrE also gramme) n.

hear v.

(NAmE humor) n.

indoor adj.

(abbr. g, gm)

hearing n.

hungry adj.

industrial adj.

d

The Oxford 3000

d

The Oxford 3000

industry n.

involvement n.

knit v.

lift v., n.

inevitable adj.

iron n., v.

knitted adj.

light n., adj., v.

inevitably adv.

irritate v.

knitting n.

lightly adv.

infect v.

irritating adj.

knock v., n.

like prep., v., conj.

infected adj.

irritated adj.

knot n.

unlike prep., adj.

infection n.

-ish suffix

know v.

likely adj., adv.

infectious adj.

island n.

unknown adj.

unlikely adj.

influence n., v.

issue n., v.

well known adj.

limit n., v.

inform v.

it pron., det.

knowledge n.

limited adj.

informal adj.

its det.

 

line n.

information n.

item n.

l abbr. i litre

link n., v.

ingredient n.

itself pron.

label n., v.

lip n.

initial adj., n.

 

laboratory, lab n.

liquid n., adj.

initially adv.

jacket n.

labour (BrE )

list n., v.

initiative n.

jam n.

(NAmE labor) n.

listen (to) v.

injure v.

January n.

lack n., v.

literature n.

injured adj.

(abbr. Jan.)

lacking adj.

litre (BrE) (NAmE liter) n.

injury n.

jealous adj.

lady n.

(abbr. l)

ink n.

jeans n.

lake n.

little adj., det.,

inner adj.

jelly n.

lamp n.

pron., adv.

innocent adj.

jewellery (BrE )

land n., v.

a little det., pron.

inquiry i enquiry

(NAmE jewelry) n.

landscape n.

live /laIv/ adj., adv.

insect n.

job n.

lane n.

live /lIv/ v.

insert v.

join v.

language n.

living adj.

inside prep., adv.,

joint adj., n.

large adj.

lively adj.

n., adj.

jointly adv.

largely adv.

load n., v.

insist (on) v.

joke n., v.

last det., adv., n., v.

unload v.

install v.

journalist n.

late adj., adv.

loan n.

instance n.

journey n.

later adv., adj.

local adj.

for instance

joy n.

latest adj., n.

locally adv.

instead adv.

judge n., v.

latter adj., n.

locate v.

instead of

judgement

laugh v., n.

located adj.

institute n.

(also judgment

launch v., n.

location n.

institution n.

especially in NAmE) n.

law n.

lock v., n.

instruction n.

juice n.

lawyer n.

logic n.

instrument n.

July n. (abbr. Jul.)

lay v.

logical adj.

insult v., n.

jump v., n.

layer n.

lonely adj.

insulting adj.

June n. (abbr. Jun.)

lazy adj.

long adj., adv.

insurance n.

junior adj., n.

lead /li;d/ v., n.

look v., n.

intelligence n.

just adv.

leading adj.

look after

intelligent adj.

justice n.

leader n.

(especially BrE)

intend v.

justify v.

leaf n.

look at

intended adj.

justified adj.

league n.

look for

intention n.

 

lean v.

look forward to

interest n., v.

k abbr. i kilometre

learn v.

loose adj.

interesting adj.

keen adj.

least det., pron., adv.

loosely adv.

interested adj.

keen on

at least

lord n.

interior n., adj.

keep v.

leather n.

lorry n. (BrE )

internal adj.

key n., adj.

leave v.

lose v.

international adj.

keyboard n.

leave out

lost adj.

Internet n.

kick v., n.

lecture n.

loss n.

interpret v.

kid n.

left adj., adv., n.

lot: a lot (of)

interpretation n.

kill v.

leg n.

(also lots (of) )

interrupt v.

killing n.

legal adj.

pron., det., adv.

interruption n.

kilogram

legally adv.

loud adj., adv.

interval n.

(BrE also kilogramme)

lemon n.

loudly adv.

interview n., v.

(also kilo) n. (abbr. kg)

lend v.

love n., v.

into prep.

kilometre (BrE)

length n.

lovely adj.

introduce v.

(NAmE kilometer) n.

less det., pron., adv.

lover n.

introduction n.

(abbr. k, km)

lesson n.

low adj., adv.

invent v.

kind n., adj.

let v.

loyal adj.

invention n.

kindly adv.

letter n.

luck n.

invest v.

unkind adj.

level n., adj.

lucky adj.

investigate v.

kindness n.

library n.

unlucky adj.

investigation n.

king n.

licence (BrE )

luggage n.

investment n.

kiss v., n.

(NAmE license) n.

(especially BrE )

invitation n.

kitchen n.

license v.

lump n.

invite v.

km abbr. i kilometre

lid n.

lunch n.

involve v.

knee n.

lie v., n.

lung n.

involved in

knife n.

life n.

 

machine n.

memory n.

mother n.

nervous adj.

machinery n.

in memory of

motion n.

nervously adv.

mad adj.

mental adj.

motor n.

nest n., v.

magazine n.

mentally adv.

motorcycle

net n.

magic n., adj.

mention v.

(BrE also motorbike) n.

network n.

mail n., v.

menu n.

mount v., n.

never adv.

main adj.

mere adj.

mountain n.

nevertheless adv.

mainly adv.

merely adv.

mouse n.

new adj.

maintain v.

mess n.

mouth n.

newly adv.

major adj.

message n.

move v., n.

news n.

majority n.

metal n.

moving adj.

newspaper n.

make v., n.

method n.

movement n.

next adj., adv., n.

make sth up

metre (BrE )

movie n.

next to prep.

make-up n.

(NAmE meter) n.

(especially NAmE )

nice adj.

male adj., n.

mg abbr. i milligram

movie theater n. (NAmE )

nicely adv.

mall n.

mid- combining form

Mr (BrE)

niece n.

(especially NAmE)

midday n.

(also Mr. NAmE, BrE)

night n.

man n.

middle n., adj.

abbr.

no exclamation, det.

manage v.

midnight n.

Mrs (BrE)

No. (also no.) abbr.

management n.

might modal v.

(also Mrs. NAmE, BrE)

i number

manager n.

mild adj.

abbr.

nobody (also no one)

manner n.

mile n.

Ms (BrE)

pron.

manufacture v., n.

military adj.

(also Ms. NAmE, BrE)

noise n.

manufacturing n.

milk n.

abbr.

noisy adj.

manufacturer n.

milligram

much det., pron., adv.

noisily adv.

many det., pron.

(BrE also milligramme)

mud n.

non- prefix

map n.

n. (abbr. mg)

multiply v.

none pron.

March n. (abbr. Mar.)

millimetre (BrE )

mum (BrE )

nonsense n.

march v., n.

(NAmE millimeter) n.

(NAmE mom) n.

no one i nobody

mark n., v.

(abbr. mm)

murder n., v.

nor conj., adv.

market n.

mind n., v.

muscle n.

normal adj., n.

marketing n.

mine pron., n.

museum n.

normally adv.

marriage n.

mineral n., adj.

music n.

north n., adj., adv.

marry v.

minimum adj., n.

musical adj.

northern adj.

married adj.

minister n.

musician n.

nose n.

mass n., adj.

ministry n.

must modal v.

not adv.

massive adj.

minor adj.

my det.

note n., v.

master n.

minority n.

myself pron.

nothing pron.

match n., v.

minute n.

mysterious adj.

notice n., v.

matching adj.

mirror n.

mystery n.

take notice of

mate n., v.

miss v., n.

 

noticeable adj.

material n., adj.

Miss n.

nail n.

novel n.

mathematics

missing adj.

naked adj.

November n.

(also maths BrE,

mistake n., v.

name n., v.

(abbr. Nov.)

math NAmE) n.

mistaken adj.

narrow adj.

now adv.

matter n., v.

mix v., n.

nation n.

nowhere adv.

maximum adj., n.

mixed adj.

national adj.

nuclear adj.

may modal v.

mixture n.

natural adj.

number

May n.

mm abbr. i millimetre

naturally adv.

(abbr. No., no.) n.

maybe adv.

mobile adj.

nature n.

nurse n.

mayor n.

mobile phone

navy n.

nut n.

me pron.

(also mobile) n. (BrE)

near adj., adv., prep.

 

meal n.

model n.

nearby adj., adv.

obey v.

mean v.

modern adj.

nearly adv.

object n., v.

meaning n.

mom (NAmE ) i mum

neat adj.

objective n., adj.

means n.

moment n.

neatly adv.

observation n.

by means of

Monday n.

necessary adj.

observe v.

meanwhile adv.

(abbr. Mon.)

necessarily adv.

obtain v.

measure v., n.

money n.

unnecessary adj.

obvious adj.

measurement n.

monitor n., v.

neck n.

obviously adv.

meat n.

month n.

need v., modal v., n.

occasion n.

media n.

mood n.

needle n.

occasionally adv.

medical adj.

moon n.

negative adj.

occupy v.

medicine n.

moral adj.

neighbour (BrE ) (NAmE

occupied adj.

medium adj., n.

morally adv.

neighbor) n.

occur v.

meet v.

more det., pron., adv.

neighbourhood (BrE )

ocean n.

meeting n.

moreover adv.

(NAmE neighborhood) n.

o’clock adv.

melt v.

morning n.

neither det., pron., adv.

October n. (abbr. Oct.)

member n.

most det., pron., adv.

nephew n.

odd adj.

membership n.

mostly adv.

nerve n.

oddly adv.

d

The Oxford 3000

d

The Oxford 3000

of prep.

overall adj., adv.

permanent adj.

poison n., v.

off adv., prep.

overcome v.

permanently adv.

poisonous adj.

offence (BrE )

owe v.

permission n.

pole n.

(NAmE offense) n.

own adj., pron., v.

permit v.

police n.

offend v.

owner n.

person n.

policy n.

offensive adj.

 

personal adj.

polish n., v.

offer v., n.

p abbr. i page, penny

personally adv.

polite adj.

office n.

pace n.

personality n.

politely adv.

officer n.

pack v., n.

persuade v.

political adj.

official adj., n.

package n., v.

pet n.

politically adv.

officially adv.

packaging n.

petrol n. (BrE )

politician n.

often adv.

packet n.

phase n.

politics n.

oh exclamation

page n. (abbr. p)

philosophy n.

pollution n.

oil n.

pain n.

phone i telephone

pool n.

OK (also okay)

painful adj.

photocopy n., v.

poor adj.

exclamation, adj., adv.

paint n., v.

photograph n., v.

pop n., v.

old adj.

painting n.

(also photo n.)

popular adj.

old-fashioned adj.

painter n.

photographer n.

population n.

on prep., adv.

pair n.

photography n.

port n.

once adv., conj.

palace n.

phrase n.

pose v., n.

one number, det., pron.

pale adj.

physical adj.

position n.

one another i each other

pan n.

physically adv.

positive adj.

onion n.

panel n.

physics n.

possess v.

only adj., adv.

pants n.

piano n.

possession n.

onto prep.

paper n.

pick v.

possibility n.

open adj., v.

parallel adj.

pick sth up

possible adj.

openly adv.

parent n.

picture n.

possibly adv.

opening n.

park n., v.

piece n.

post n., v.

operate v.

parliament n.

pig n.

post office n.

operation n.

part n.

pile n., v.

pot n.

opinion n.

take part (in)

pill n.

potato n.

opponent n.

particular adj.

pilot n.

potential adj., n.

opportunity n.

particularly adv.

pin n., v.

potentially adv.

oppose v.

partly adv.

pink adj., n.

pound n.

opposing adj.

partner n.

pint n. (abbr. pt)

pour v.

opposed to

partnership n.

pipe n.

powder n.

opposite adj., adv.,

party n.

pitch n.

power n.

n., prep.

pass v.

pity n.

powerful adj.

opposition n.

passing n., adj.

place n., v.

practical adj.

option n.

passage n.

take place

practically adv.

or conj.

passenger n.

plain adj.

practice n.

orange n., adj.

passport n.

plan n., v.

(BrE, NAmE),

order n., v.

past adj., n., prep., adv.

planning n.

v. (NAmE)

in order to

path n.

plane n.

practise v. (BrE )

ordinary adj.

patience n.

planet n.

praise n., v.

organ n.

patient n., adj.

plant n., v.

prayer n.

organization

pattern n.

plastic n., adj.

precise adj.

(BrE also -isation) n.

pause v., n.

plate n.

precisely adv.

organize

pay v., n.

platform n.

predict v.

(BrE also -ise) v.

payment n.

play v., n.

prefer v.

organized adj.

peace n.

player n.

preference n.

origin n.

peaceful adj.

pleasant adj.

pregnant adj.

original adj., n.

peak n.

pleasantly adv.

premises n.

originally adv.

pen n.

unpleasant adj.

preparation n.

other adj., pron.

pence n. i penny

please exclamation, v.

prepare v.

otherwise adv.

pencil n.

pleasing adj.

prepared adj.

ought to modal v.

penny n. (abbr. p)

pleased adj.

presence n.

our det.

pension n.

pleasure n.

present adj., n., v.

ours pron.

people n.

plenty pron., adv.,

presentation n.

ourselves pron.

pepper n.

n., det.

preserve v.

out (of) adv., prep.

per prep.

plot n., v.

president n.

outdoors adv.

per cent (NAmE usually

plug n.

press n., v.

outdoor adj.

percent) n., adj., adv.

plus prep., n., adj., conj.

pressure n.

outer adj.

perfect adj.

p.m. (NAmE also P.M.)

presumably adv.

outline v., n.

perfectly adv.

abbr.

pretend v.

output n.

perform v.

pocket n.

pretty adv., adj.

outside n., adj., prep., adv.

performance n.

poem n.

prevent v.

outstanding adj.

performer n.

poetry n.

previous adj.

oven n.

perhaps adv.

point n., v.

previously adv.

over adv., prep.

period n.

pointed adj.

price n.

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