Часть 1. Энергетическая электроника
.pdf
= B QZip_\ ? < =hj_fudbg
WE?DLJHH;HJM>H<:GB? IJHFURE?GGHKLB
WG?J=?LBQ?KD:Y WE?DLJHGBD:
QZklv
FBGBKL?JKL<H H;J:AH<:GBY JHKKBCKDHC N?>?J:PBB
=HKM>:JKL<?GGH? H;J:AH<:L?EVGH? MQJ?@>?GB? <UKR?=H IJHN?KKBHG:EVGH=H H;J:AH<:GBY
L:=:GJH=KDBC =HKM>:JKL<?GGUC
J:>BHL?OGBQ?KDBC MGB<?JKBL?L
= B QZip_\ ? < =hj_fudbg
WE?DLJHH;HJM>H<:GB? IJHFURE?GGHKLB
Wg_j]_lbq_kdZy we_dljhgbdZ
QZklv
Mq_[gh_ ihkh[b_
LZ]Zgjh]
M>D
= B QZip_\ ? < =hj_fudbg We_dljhh[hjm^h\Zgb_ ijhfure_gghklb < o qZklyo Q Wg_j]_lbq_kdZy we_dljhgbdZ Mq_[gh_ ihkh[b_ LZ]Zgjh] Ba^ \h LJLM k
BaeZ]Zxlky ijbgpbiu b ko_fu ij_h[jZah\Zgby we_dljbq_kdhc wg_j]bb \ we_dljhh[hjm^h\Zgbb ijhfure_gghklb Ijb\_^_gu jZkq_lgu_ khhlghr_gby ^ey ZgZebaZ we_dljhfZ]gblguo ijhp_kkh\ \ ij_h[jZah\Zl_evguo mklZgh\dZo b ijbf_ju jZkq_lh\ mijZ\ey_fuo \uijyfbl_e_c bg\_jlhjh\ ij_h[jZah\Zl_e_c qZklhlu j_]meylhjh\ b dhfi_gkZlhjh\ we_dljbq_kdhc wg_j]bb Ihkh[b_ kh^_j`bl kijZ\hqgu_ ^Zggu_ ^ey \_glbevguo we_f_glh\ ijbf_gy_fuo \ ij_h[jZah\Zl_eyo
LZ[e Be ;b[ebh]j gZa\
J_p_ga_glu < B AZ\_lguc dZg^ l_og gZmd kl gZmqguc khljm^gbd gZq hl^ LGBBK
K F Dh\Ze_\ dZg^ l_og gZmd ^hp_gl aZ\ dZn fbdjhijhp_kkhjguo kbkl_f Jhklh\kdbc ]hkm^Zjkl\_gguc mgb\_jkbl_l iml_c khh[s_gby
‹LZ]Zgjh]kdbc ]hkm^Zjkl\_gguc jZ^bhl_ogbq_kdbc mgb\_jkbl_l
‹= B QZip_\ ? < =hj_fudbg
HKGH<GU? H;HAG:Q?GBY B KHDJ:S?GBY
,*%7 ± ,QVXODWHG *DWH %LSRODU 7UDQVLVWRUjmkkdh_ gZa\Zgb_ ;LBA
:> ± lj_onZaguc Zkbgojhgguc ^\b]Zl_ev
;LBA ± [biheyjguc ljZgabklhj k bahebjh\Zgguf aZl\hjhf ZgZeh],*%7 <G ± \ukhdh_ gZijy`_gb_
>J ± k]eZ`b\Zxsbc nbevlj ^jhkk_ev AB ± aZdZehqguc bg^mdlhj
DI> ± dhwnnbpb_gl ihe_agh]h ^_ckl\by
FHI ± f_lZee hdbk_e ijh\h^gbd l_ogheh]by ba]hlh\e_gby ihe_\uo ljZgabklhjh\
GG ± gbadh_ gZijy`_gb_
LJ ± ljZgknhjfZlhj
M< ± mijZ\ey_fuc \uijyfbl_ev
MJ ± mjZ\gbl_evguc j_Zdlhj
RBF ± rbjhlgh bfimevkgZy fh^meypby
W>K ± we_dljh^\b`msZy kbeZ
± Zdlb\gZy b j_Zdlb\gZy ijh\h^bfhklv gZ]jmadb
± Zdlb\gh_ khijhlb\e_gb_ b bg^mdlb\ghklv gZ]jmadb \uijyfbl_e_c b bg\_jlhjh\ khhl\_lkl\_ggh
± dhwnnbpb_gl bkdZ`_gbc
± fZdkbfZevgh_ b ^himklbfh_ agZq_gb_ mjZ\gbl_evgh]h lhdZ
± hlghr_gb_ ^ebl_evghklb i_jbh^Z dhffmlZpbb iblZxs_]h gZijy`_gby d ihklhygghc \j_f_gb gZ]jmadb
± kj_^g__ agZq_gb_ mjZ\gbl_evgh]h lhdZ \ hlghkbl_evguo _^bgbpZo
± qZklhlZ iblZxs_c k_lb
± Zfieblm^gh_ hlghkbl_evgh_ agZq_gb_ lhdZ gZ]jmadb
± dhwnnbpb_gl fhsghklb
± dhwnnbpb_gl ljZgknhjfZpbb \uoh^gh]h ljZgknhjfZlhjZ Z ± djm]h\Zy qZklhlZ
'3% ± fhsghklv ihl_jv \ \_glbeyo
'373 ± fhsghklv ihl_jv \ h[fhldZo ljZgknhjfZlhjh\
E97 ± dhwnnbpb_gl mkbe_gby ih lhdm [biheyjgh]h ljZgabklhjZ Wlj ± ihklhyggZy \j_f_gb \lhjbqghc h[fhldb ljZgknhjfZlhjZ & ± _fdhklv dhg^_gkZlhjZ
& ± hlghr_gb_ ijhlb\hwe_dljh^\b`ms_c kbeu ? d gZijy`_gbx gZ \lhjbqghc h[fhld_ ljZgknhjfZlhjZ8
H ± W>K± kZfhbg^mdpbb
, , ± ^_ckl\mxs__ agZq_gb_ lhdZ i_j\bqghc b \lhjbqghc h[fhlhd ljZgknhjfZlhjZ
,GE ± kj_^g__ agZq_gb_ bg\_jlbjm_fh]h lhdZ ,GPD[ ± fZdkbfZevgh_ agZq_gb_ lhdZ gZ]jmadb
,G5,G/ ± kj_^g__ agZq_gb_ lhdZ gZ]jmadb ijb Zdlb\ghc b Zdlb\gh bg^mdlb\ghc gZ]jmad_
L+ LI ± f]gh\_ggh_ agZq_gb_ lhdh\ \ bgl_j\Ze_ bfimevkZ b iZmau ,,,,, ± ]jZgbqgu_ agZq_gby lhdh\ bg\_jlhjh\
,.P ± Zfieblm^gh_ agZq_gb_ lhdZ dhjhldh]h aZfudZgby
,PD[ ,7$9 ,]jfk ± fZdkbfZevgh_ kj_^g__ b ^_ckl\mxs__ agZq_gb_ lhdh\ \_glbe_c
LPLQ LPD[ ± fbgbfZevgh_ b fZdkbfZevgh_ agZq_gb_ lhdh\ gZ]jmadb LG b L+ L9' ± f]gh\_ggh_ agZq_gb_ lhdZ q_j_a ^bh^u
L\S ± mjZ\gbl_evguc lhd lhd dhjhldh]h aZfudZgby ij_h[jZah\Zl_ey Ld ± lhd dhjhldh]h aZfudZgby
,g ± lhd gZ]jmadb
,GPD[ ± fZdkbfZevgh_ agZq_gb_ dhffmlbjm_fh]h lhdZ gZ]jmadb ,hlde ± lhd hldexq_gby
,kj^ ± kj_^g__ agZq_gb_ lhdZ q_j_a rmglbjmxsbc ^bh^ ,n8n ± ^_ckl\mxs__ agZq_gb_ gZijy`_gby b lhdZ nZau N ± ghf_j ]Zjfhgbdb
. 8 ± g_kbff_ljby gZijy`_gby ^ey gme_\hc ihke_^h\Zl_evghklb
. 8 ± g_kbff_ljby gZijy`_gby ^ey h[jZlghc ihke_^h\Zl_evghklb
.8 ± g_kbgmkhb^Zevghklv gZijy`_gby
.8ij ± ij_^_evgh±^himklbfh_ agZq_gb_ g_kbgmkhb^Zevghklb gZijy`_gby Na ± dhwnnbpb_gl aZiheg_gby
/ ± bg^mdlb\ghklv \lhjbqghc h[fhldb ljZgknhjfZlhjZ
/ 5 ± bg^mdlb\ghklv b Zdlb\gh_ khijhlb\e_gb_ dhglmjZ ijhl_dZgby mjZ\gbl_evgh]h lhdZ
P ± qbkeh nZa ij_h[jZah\Zgby
Q ± ihjy^hd \g_rg_c ]Zjfhgbq_kdhc khklZ\eyxs_c 3+ ± Zdlb\gZy fhsghklv gZ]jmadb
36 36 ± fhsghklb i_j\bqghc b \lhjbqghc h[fhlhd ljZgknhjfZlhjZ 36+ ± ihegZy fhsghklv gZ]jmadb
36lj ± jZkq_lgZy fhsghklv ljZgknhjfZlhjZ T ± dhwnnbpb_gl imevkZpbc
5 ± Zdlb\gh_ khijhlb\e_gb_ \lhjbqghc h[fhldb ljZgknhjfZlhjZ 57J ± Zdlb\gh_ khijhlb\e_gb_ \lhjbqghc h[fhldb ljZgknhjfZlhjZ 6 ± dhwnnbpb_gl k]eZ`b\Zgby imevkZpbc gZ \uoh^_ bg\_jlhjZ
W ± \j_fy
7 ± i_jbh^ dhffmlZpbb iblZxs_]h gZijy`_gby WT ± \j_fy hldexq_gby lbjbklhjZ
8 Q , Q ± ^_ckl\mxs__ agZq_gb_ gZijy`_gby b lhdZQc ]Zjfhgbdb 8 , ± ^_ckl\mxs__ agZq_gb_ gZijy`_gby b lhdZ
8a ± i_j_f_ggZy khklZ\eyxsZy \uijyfe_ggh]h gZijy`_gby |
|
|
||||||
8 5^ |
± ihjh]h\h_ gZijy`_gb_ b ^bgZfbq_kdh_ khijhlb\e_gb_ \_glbey |
|||||||
8 8 |
± ^_ckl\mxs__ agZq_gb_ gZijy`_gby i_j\bqghc b \lhjbqghc h[fhlhd |
|||||||
ljZgknhjfZlhjZ |
|
|
|
|||||
X L ± f]gh\_ggh_ agZq_gb_ |
gZijy`_gby b lhdZ i_j\bqghc |
h[fhldb |
||||||
ljZgknhjfZlhjZ |
|
|
|
|||||
X |
8 ± |
f]gh\_ggh_ b ^_ckl\mxs__ agZq_gb_ gZijy`_gby \lhjbqghc |
||||||
ihemh[fhldb kbeh\h]h ljZgknhjfZlhjZ |
|
|
||||||
8& |
± gZijy`_gb_ gZ we_dljbq_kdhc _fdhklb |
|
|
|||||
8GE |
± kj_^g__ agZq_gb_ ijhlb\hwe_dljh^\b`ms_c kbeu bg\_jlhjZ |
|
||||||
XGDXGE ± f]gh\_ggh_ agZq_gb_ gZijy`_gby \ j_`bf_ \uijyfbl_ey b bg\_jlhjZ |
||||||||
XG LG ± f]gh\_ggu_ agZq_gby gZijy`_gby b lhdZ gZ]jmadb |
|
|
||||||
8G,G |
± kj_^gb_ agZq_gby \uijyfe_ggh]h gZijy`_gby b lhdZ \uijyfbl_ey |
|||||||
8G |
,G ± |
kj_^g__ agZq_gb_ \uijyfe_ggh]h gZijy`_gby b |
lhdZ |
ijb m]e_ |
||||
mijZ\e gby . |
b m]e_ dhffmlZpbb |
|
|
|||||
8G 8G5 8G/ |
± kj_^g_\uijyfe_ggh_ gZijy`_gb_ ijb D |
Zdlb\ghc b |
||||||
Zdlb\gh bg^mdlb\ghc gZ]jmad_ khhl\_lkl\_ggh |
|
|
||||||
8G58G/ ± kj_^g_\uijyfe_ggh_ agZq_gb_ gZijy`_gby ^ey Zdlb\ghc b Zdlb\gh |
||||||||
bg^mdlb\ghc gZ]jmadb \uijyfbl_ey khhl\_lkl\_ggh |
|
|
||||||
8)PD[ |
85PD[ ± |
fZdkbfZevgu_ |
agZq_gby ijyfh]h b h[jZlgh]h gZijy`_gbc |
|||||
\_glbey |
|
|
|
|
|
|||
X+ L+ |
± f]gh\_ggu_ agZq_gby gZijy`_gby b lhdZ q_j_a ^bh^u |
|
|
|||||
8,8,, |
± ]jZgbqgu_ agZq_gby gZijy`_gby bg\_jlhjh\ |
|
|
|||||
81,1 ± ghfbgZevgu_ ^_ckl\mxsb_ agZq_gby gZijy`_gby b lhdZ |
|
|||||||
X96 L96 ± |
f]gh\_ggu_ agZq_gby gZijy`_gby b lhdZ mijZ\eyxsbo kb]gZeh\ |
|||||||
lbjbklhjh\ |
|
|
|
|
||||
X97 L97 ± |
f]gh\_ggu_ agZq_gby gZijy`_gby b lhdZ mijZ\eyxsbo kb]gZeh\ |
|||||||
ljZgabklhjh\ |
|
|
|
|
||||
[G ± j_Zdlb\gZy khklZ\eyxsZy dhfie_dkgh]h khijhlb\e_gby gZ]jmadb |
|
|||||||
. ± m]he mijZ\e_gby kbeh\uo \_glbe_c |
|
|
||||||
± m]he hi_j_`_gby \dexq_gby \_glbe_c bg\_jlhjZ |
|
|
||||||
± m]he dhffmlZpbb |
|
|
|
|||||
/ ± m]he \udexq_gby |
|
|
|
|||||
/)1 |
± ghfbgZevgh_ hldehg_gb_ qZklhlu |
|
|
|||||
/)ij_^ |
± ij_^_evgh_ hldehg_gb_ qZklhlu |
|
|
|||||
/81 |
± ghfbgZevgh_ hldehg_gb_ gZijy`_gby |
|
|
|||||
/ 1ij_^ |
± ij_^_evgh_ hldehg_gb_ gZijy`_gby |
|
|
|||||
/8W |
± jZafZo dhe_[Zgbc gZijy`_gby |
|
|
|||||
± DI> ij_h[jZah\Zl_ey |
|
|
|
|||||
2G 2g ± ihklhyggu_ \j_f_gb gZ]jmadb \uijyfbl_e_c b bg\_jlhjh\ |
|
|||||||
3 ± m]he k^\b]Z ih nZa_ f_`^m lhdhf b gZijy`_gb_f |
|
|
||||||
? ± ijhlb\hwe_dljh^\b`msZy kbeZ gZ]jmadb |
|
|
||||||
DI8 DI, ± dhwnnbpb_gl imevkZpbc ^ey gZijy`_gby b lhdZ khhl\_lkl\_ggh |
||||||||
KD ± dhffmlbjmxsZy _fdhklv bkdmkkl\_gghc dhffmlZpbb lbjbklhjh\ |
||||||||
Kn |
± _fdhklv \oh^gh]h nbevljZ |
|
|
|
||||
<<?>?GB?
< mq_[ghf ihkh[bb jZkkfhlj_gu ij_h[jZah\Zl_eb we_dljbq_kdhc wg_j]bb iha\heyxsb_ kha^Z\Zlv \ukhdhwnn_dlb\gh_ we_dljhh[hjm^h\Zgb_ ijhfure_gguo ij_^ijbylbc hj]ZgbaZpbc b mqj_`^_gbc
Ihkh[b_ gZibkZgh \ khhl\_lkl\bb k ijh]jZffhc ^bkpbiebgu ³We_dljhh[hjm^h\Zgb_ ijhfure_gghklb´^ey klm^_glh\ ki_pbZevghklb
³We_dljhh[hjm^h\Zgb_ b we_dljhohayckl\h ij_^ijbylbc hj]ZgbaZpbc b mqj_`^_gbc´\k_o \b^h\ h[mq_gby
FZl_jbZe baeh`_gguc \ ihkh[bb [m^_l ihe_a_g klm^_glZf ki_pbZevghkl_c
b ^j
Baeh`_gb_ fZl_jbZeZ [Zabjm_lky gZ agZgbb klm^_glZfb ij_^f_lh\ ³L_hj_lbq_kdb_ hkgh\u we_dljhl_ogbdb´ ³We_f_glu we_dljhgghc l_ogbdb´ ³We_dljbq_kdb_ fZrbgu´ ³We_dljbq_kdbc ijb\h^´ b ³Hkgh\u ij_h[jZah\Zl_evghc l_ogbdb´
< mq_[ghf ihkh[bb jZkkfhlj_gu ij_h[jZah\Zl_eb we_dljbq_kdhc wg_j]bb ijbf_gy_fu_ \ we_dljhl_jfbq_kdbo b we_dljhk\Zjhqguo mklZgh\dZo ih^t_fgh ljZgkihjlguo fZrbgZo b f_oZgbafZo f_lZeehh[jZ[Zlu\Zxsbo klZgdZo jZaebqgh]h gZagZq_gby gZkhkZo dhfij_kkhjZo \_glbeylhjZo b ^jm]bo mklZgh\dZo ihemqb\rbo jZkijhkljZg_gb_ gZ ijhfure_gguo ij_^ijbylbyo \ hj]ZgbaZpbyo b mqj_`^_gbyo
H;SB? K<?>?GBY H IJHFURE?GGUO IJ?H;J:AH<:L?EYO WE?DLJBQ?KDHC WG?J=BB
<b^u ij_h[jZah\Zgby we_dljbq_kdhc wg_j]bb \ we_dljhh[hjm^h\Zgbb ijhfure_gghklb
We_dljbq_kdZy wg_j]by \ujZ[Zlu\Z_lky gZ we_dljhklZgpbyo b i_j_^Z_lky \ \b^_ i_j_f_ggh]h lj_onZagh]h lhdZ gZijy`_gb_f d< ijhfure_gghc qZklhlu =p
Hkgh\guf \b^hf ij_h[jZah\Zgby we_dljbq_kdhc wg_j]bb y\ey_lky \uijyfe_gb_ i_j_f_ggh]h lhdZ k \hafh`ghklvx j_dmi_jZpbb we_dljbq_kdhc wg_j]bb \ k_lv
LZdh_ ij_h[jZah\Zgb_ rbjhdh ijbf_gy_lky \ bklhqgbdZo iblZgby p_oh\uo k_l_c ihklhyggh]h lhdZ \ kbeh\uo h[s_ijhfure_gguo mklZgh\dZo ijb\h^Zo ihklhyggh]h lhdZ jZaebqgh]h gZagZq_gby \ ih^t_fgh ljZgkihjlguo fZrbgZo b
l ^Bg\_jlbjh\Zgb_ wg_j]bb ijbf_gy_lky \ hkgh\ghf \ ij_h[jZah\Zl_eyo qZklhlu kh a\_ghf ihklhyggh]h lhdZ ^ey iblZgby j_]mebjmxsbo ijb\h^h\ i_j_f_ggh]h lhdZ Z lZd`_ \ mklZgh\dZo bg^mdpbhggh]h gZ]j_\Z b ieZ\e_gby f_lZeeh\
Ij_h[jZah\Zgb_ qbkeZ nZa lj_onZagh]h gZijy`_gby \ h^ghnZagh_ ijbf_gy_lky ^ey iblZgby we_dljhl_jfbq_kdbo b ^m]h\uo we_dljhi_q_c
<k_ ij_h[jZah\Zl_eb ^_eylky gZ ^\_ [hevrb_ ]jmiiu \_^hfu_ k_lvx b
Z\lhghfgu_
< \_^hfuo k_lvx ij_h[jZah\Zl_eyo mijZ\e_gb_ ij_h[jZah\Zl_evgufb we_f_glZfb hkms_kl\ey_lky i_j_f_gguf gZijy`_gb_f iblZxs_c k_lb D gbf hlghkylky mijZ\ey_fu_ \uijyfbl_eb \_^hfu_ k_lvx bg\_jlhju ij_h[jZah\Zl_eb qbkeZ nZa ij_h[jZah\Zl_eb j_]meylhju i_j_f_ggh]h gZijy`_gby
< Z\lhghfguo ij_h[jZah\Zl_eyo mijZ\e_gb_ ij_h[jZah\Zl_evgufb we_f_glZfb hkms_kl\ey_lky hl Z\lhghfgh]h bklhqgbdZ D Z\lhghfguf ij_h[jZah\Zl_eyf hlghkylky bg\_jlhju kh a\_ghf ihklhyggh]h lhdZ bfimevkgu_ j_]meylhju dhglZdlhju < Z\lhghfguo ij_h[jZah\Zl_eyo gZ lbjbklhjZo ijbf_gyxlky ki_pbZevgu_ mkljhckl\Z dhffmlZpbb
Lbiu we_dljbq_kdbo \_glbe_c
<_glbe_f \ ij_h[jZah\Zl_evghc l_ogbd_ gZau\Zxl kbeh\hc we_f_gl k h^ghgZijZ\e_gghc ijh\h^bfhklvx dhlhjuc eb[h g_ h[eZ^Z_l k\hckl\hf mijZ\ey_fhklb eb[h fh`_l mijZ\eylvky ih ijbgpbim \dexq_gh± \udexq_gh
< gZklhys__ \j_fy \ mkljhckl\Zo ij_h[jZah\Zl_evghc l_ogbdb ijbf_gyxlky ihemijh\h^gbdh\u_ \_glbeb ke_^mxsbo lbih\
± kbeh\u_ ^bh^u k jZ[hqbf gZijy`_gb_f ^h d< b lhdhf ^h d:
± |
h^ghhi_jZpbhggu_ lbjbklhju k |
qZklbqguf mijZ\e_gb_f b |
jZ[hqbf |
||||
gZijy`_gb_f ^h d< b lhdhf ^h d: |
|
|
|
|
|
||
± [biheyjgu_ ljZgabklhju k bahebjh\Zgguf aZl\hjhf,*%7ljZgabklhju k |
|||||||
jZ[hqbf gZijy`_gb_f ^h d< b lhdhf ^h d: |
|
|
|
|
|||
Ij_h[jZah\Zl_evgu_ mklZgh\db dhlhju_ \ |
gZklhys__ |
\j_fy gZoh^ylky \ |
|||||
wdkiemZlZpbb ihkljh_gu \ hkgh\ghf k ijbf_g_gb_f |
h^ghhi_jZpbhgguo |
||||||
lbjbklhjh\ dhlhju_ bf_xl jy^ kms_kl\_gguo g_^hklZldh\ |
|
|
|
||||
± |
dhffmlZpby hldexq_gb_ lbjbklhjh\ gZ ihklhygghf lhd_ lj_[m_l |
||||||
ki_pbZevguo mkljhckl\ bkdmkkl\_gghc dhffmlZpbb aZ kq_l wg_j]bb |
|||||||
gZdhie_gghc \ ki_pbZevguo dhffmlbjmxsbo dhg^_gkZlhjZo [hevrhc _fdhklb |
|||||||
± |
\j_fy hldexq_gby lbjbklhjh\ |
jZ\gh «fdk |
qlh |
kgb`Z_l |
|||
[ukljh^_ckl\b_ ij_h[jZah\Zl_e_c b |
m\_ebqb\Z_l ihl_jb |
fhsghklb gZ |
|||||
i_j_dexq_gb_ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ijbf_g_gb_ [biheyjguo ljZgabklhjh\ \ dZq_kl\_ \_glbe_c g_p_e_khh[jZagh |
|||||||
ih ke_^mxsbf ijbqbgZf |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
± gbadbc dhwnnbpb_gl mkbe_gby ih fhsghklb lhdm 97 |
|
|
|||||
± |
[hevrhc jZa[jhk dhwnnbpb_glZ mkbe_gby hl h[jZapZ d h[jZapm ^Z`_ |
||||||
\gmljb h^ghc iZjlbb |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
± |
gbadh_ [ukljh^_ckl\b_ \j_fy \dexq_gby fdk hldexq_gby |
||||||
«fdk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hkgh\guf g_^hklZldhf ij_h[jZah\Zl_e_c gZ lbjbklhjZo k |
iheguf |
||||||
mijZ\e_gb_f y\ey_lky ijbf_g_gb_ fhsguo dhffmlbjmxsbo mkljhckl\ |
|||||||
\ke_^kl\b_ lh]h qlh dhwnnbpb_gl hldexq_gby lbjbklhjh\ g_ ij_\urZ_l |
|||||||
,g,hlde «]^_,g ± lhd gZ]jmadb,hlde ± lhd hldexq_gby |
|
|
|
||||
< k\h_ \j_fy [hevrb_ gZ^_`^u \haeZ]Zehkv gZ kbeh\u_ FHI ljZgabklhju |
|||||||
dhlhju_ hlebqZebkv \ukhdbf [ukljh^_ckl\b_f [hevrbf dhwnnbpb_glhf |
|||||||
mkbe_gby ih fhsghklb wdhghfbqghklvx gZ^_`ghklvx b ko_fghc ijhklhlhc |
|||||||
mijZ\e_gby H^gZdh gZ ijZdlbd_ \uy\bebkv kms_kl\_ggu_ g_^hklZldb wlbo |
|||||||
ljZgabklhjh\ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
± |
khijhlb\e_gb_ hldjulh]h |
FHI ljZgabklhjZ ijhihjpbhgZevgh ihqlb |
|||||
d\Z^jZlm ijh[b\gh]h gZijy`_gby |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
± |
djbklZeeu \ukhdh\hevlguo FHI ljZgabklhjh\ hdZaZebkv kebrdhf |
||||||
[hevrhc iehsZ^b ih kjZ\g_gbx k djbklZeeZfb [biheyjguo ljZgabklhjh\ gZ |
|||||||
h^bg b lhl `_ lhd IehsZ^v FHI ± ljZgabklhjZ m\_ebqbeZkv \ jZa ^ey |
|||||||
gZijy`_gby < b \ jZa ^ey gZijy`_gby < |
|
|
|
||||
< k_j_^bg_ ]h^h\ ]h \_dZ [ueb jZajZ[hlZgu [biheyjgu_ ljZgabklhju |
|||||||
k bahebjh\Zgguf aZl\hjhf k FHI mijZ\e_gb_f k\hckl\Z dhlhjuo khq_lZeb |
|||||||
iheh`bl_evgu_ k\hckl\Z FHI ljZgabklhjZ b [biheyjgh]h ljZgabklhjZ LZdb_ |
|||||||
ljZgabklhju ihemqbeb gZa\Zgb_± [biheyjgu_ ljZgabklhju k bahebjh\Zgguf |
|||||||
aZl\hjhf ;LBA |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
JZajZ[hldZ kh\j_f_gguo kbeh\uo mkljhckl\ g_\hafh`gZ [_a ijbf_g_gby |
|||||||
;LBA Ijbf_g_gb_ lZdbo ljZgabklhjh\ \ mkljhckl\Zo k gZijy`_gb_f g_ [hevr_ |
|||||||
< ijb lhdZo ^h d: y\ey_lky |
ij_^ihqlbl_evguf ih |
kjZ\g_gbx k |
|||||
ijbf_g_gb_f h^ghhi_jZpbhgguo lbjbklhjh\ Ih\ur_ggh_ [ukljh^_ckl\b_ ;LBA \j_fy \dexq_gby «fdk b hldexq_gby «fdk j_adh
kgb`Z_l ihl_jb gZ i_j_dexq_gb_ b iha\hey_l ijh_dlbjh\Zlv ij_h[jZah\Zl_evgu_ mklZgh\db jZ[hlZxsb_ gZ [he__ \ukhdbo qZklhlZo
«d=p Ih k\hbf k\hckl\Zf ;LBA ijb[eb`Zxlky d b^_Zevguf dexq_\uf we_f_glZf AZ lbjbklhjZfb hklZxlky ij_bfms_kl\Z ijbf_g_gby bo ijb ij_^_evguo agZq_gbyo gZijy`_gbc b lhdh\ ^ey ;LBA
DeZkkbnbdZpby ijb_fgbdh\ we_dljbq_kdhc wg_j]bb b ij_h[jZah\Zl_evguo mklZgh\hd
D ijb_fgbdZf we_dljbq_kdhc wg_j]bb hlghkblky ke_^mxs__ we_dljhh[hjm^h\Zgb_ ijhfure_gguo ij_^ijbylbc hj]ZgbaZpbc b mqj_`^_gbc
± we_dljhl_jfbq_kdb_ mklZgh\db i_q_c khijhlb\e_gby ^m]h\uo i_q_c b bg^mdpbhgguo mklZgh\hd ijhfure_gghc b ih\ur_gghc qZklhlu
± mklZgh\db ^m]h\hc b dhglZdlghc k\Zjdb
± ]jmahih^t_fgu_ mkljhckl\Z fhklh\uo ihjlZevguo b [Zr_gguo djZgh\
± iZkkZ`bjkdb_ b ]jmah\u_ ebnlu b f_oZgbafu g_ij_ju\gh]h ljZgkihjlZ
± ijb\h^ b we_dljhh[hjm^h\Zgb_ f_lZeehj_`msbo klZgdh\ jZaebqgh]h gZagZq_gby
± f_oZgbafu dhfij_kkhjh\ \_glbeylhjh\ b gZkhkguo mklZgh\hd
± h[hjm^h\Zgb_ we_dljhwjhabhgguo b mevljZa\mdh\uo mklZgh\hd h[jZ[hldb f_lZeeh\ b l\_j^uo fZl_jbZeh\
± ijb\h^ b we_dljhh[hjm^h\Zgb_ Z]j_]Zlguo klZgdh\ b Z\lhfZlbq_kdbo klZghqguo ebgbc
± we_dljhh[hjm^h\Zgb_ iZjhlmj[bgguo b ]Zahlmj[bgguo mklZgh\hd
± we_dljhh[hjm^h\Zgb_ kbkl_f \h^h b l_iehkgZ[`_gby ijhfure_gguo ij_^ijbylbc
± kbkl_fu we_dljhhk\_s_gby ij_^ijbylbc
< we_dljhh[hjm^h\Zgbb ijhfure_gghklb ijbf_gyxlky ke_^mxsb_ lbiu ij_h[jZah\Zl_evguo mkljhckl\
± mijZ\ey_fu_ \uijyfbl_eb k j_dmi_jZpb_c wg_j]bb gZ [Za_ lj_onZaguo fhklh\uo ko_f \dexq_gguo ihke_^h\Zl_evgh k gZ]jmadhc
± g_j_\_jkb\gu_ b j_\_jkb\gu_ mijZ\ey_fu_ \uijyfbl_eb \uiheg_ggu_ ih lj_onZaghc lj_m]hevghc beb lj_onZaghc fhklh\hc ko_f_ \dexq_ggu_ \klj_qgh iZjZee_evgh
± ij_h[jZah\Zl_eb qZklhlu \_^hfu_ k_lvx
± ij_h[jZah\Zl_eb qZklhlu kh a\_ghf ihklhyggh]h lhdZ gZ [Za_ lj_onZaguo mijZ\ey_fuo \uijyfbl_e_c b lj_onZaguo bg\_jlhjh\
± dhfi_gkZlhju j_Zdlb\ghc fhsghklb gZ [Za_ lj_onZaguo mijZ\ey_fuo ij_h[jZah\Zl_e_c
± ij_h[jZah\Zl_eb qZklhlu kh a\_ghf ihklhyggh]h lhdZ ih\ur_gghc qZklhlu
± ij_h[jZah\Zl_eb qZklhlu b nZau