Часть 1. Энергетическая электроника
.pdf
Lj_onZagu_ mijZ\ey_fu_ \uijyfbl_eb
< we_dljhh[hjm^h\Zgbb ijhfure_gghklb gZreb rbjhdh_ ijbf_g_gb_ lj_onZagu_ kh kj_^g_c lhqdhc b lj_onZagu_ fhklh\u_ mijZ\ey_fu_ \uijyfbl_eb ijb gZebqbb b hlkmlkl\bb h[jZlguo ^bh^h\ rmglbjmxsbo gZ]jmadm JZajZ[hlZggu_ jZgg__ b gZoh^ysb_ky \ wdkiemZlZpbb lj_onZagu_ mijZ\ey_fu_ \uijyfbl_eb j_Zebah\Zgu \ hkgh\ghf gZ lbjbklhjZo k _kl_kl\_gghc dhffmlZpb_c jbk Z b jbk Z Kh\j_f_ggu_ jZajZ[hldb lj_onZaguo \uijyfbl_e_c \uiheg_gu gZ ljZgabklhjZo jbk [ b jbk [
ijhp_kku dhffmlZpbb \ dhlhjuo g_ k\yaZgu k iblZxs_c k_lvx LjZgabklhju fh]ml hldexqZlvky \ ex[hc fhf_gl \j_f_gb ijb ihklmie_gbb hljbpZl_evguo bfimevkh\ gZijy`_gby gZ bo [Zau
JZkkfhljbf ijhp_kku baf_g_gby gZijy`_gbc b lhdh\ gZ]jmadb \_glbe_c b ^bh^h\ lj_onZaguo \uijyfbl_e_c kh kj_^g_c lhqdhc jbk
Ijb jZ[hl_ ko_f jbk Z \ bgl_j\Ze_ . hl ^h S ijb5 b 5/ /G o v gZ]jmadZo lhd hklZ_lky g_ij_ju\guf Z kj_^g__ agZq_gb_ gZijy`_gby hibku\Z_lky \ujZ`_gb_f
Z [
Jbk Lj_onZagu_ mijZ\ey_fu_ \uijyfbl_eb kh kj_^g_c lhqdhc
Z [
Jbk Lj_onZagu_ fhklh\u_ mijZ\ey_fu_ \uijyfbl_eb
Ijb gZ]jmadb hg gZ]jmadb \ \ujZ`_gb_f
^ey Zdlb\ghc gZ]jmadb lhd klZgh\blky jZaju\guf Z ^ey5/ hklZ_lky g_jZaju\guf Kj_^g__ agZq_gb_ gZijy`_gby ^ey 5 wlhf bgl_j\Ze_ baf_g_gby . [m^_l hibku\Zlvky ke_^mxsbf
Z ^ey5/ gZ]jmadb \ujZ`_gb_f
Jbk >bZ]jZffu jZ[hlu lj_onZaguo mijZ\ey_fuo \uijyfbl_e_c kh kj_^g_c lhqdhc
< khhl\_lkl\bb k wlbf \ j_]mebjh\hqguo oZjZdl_jbklbdZo ko_fu lj_onZagh]h \uijyfbl_ey kh kj_^g_c lhqdhc jbk fh`gh \u^_eblv ^\_
ahgu \ i_j\hc ahg_ ijb 5 b 5/ gZ]jmadZo j_]mebjh\hqgZy
oZjZdl_jbklbdZ khhl\_lkl\m_l nhjfme_ Z \h \lhjhc ahg_
ijb Zdlb\ghc gZ]jmad_ j_]mebjh\hqgZy oZjZdl_jbklbdZ hibku\Z_lky nhjfmehc
Z ^ey5/ gZ]jmadb nhjfmehc H[eZklv f_`^m djb\ufb jbk
khhl\_lkl\m_l k_f_ckl\m j_]mebjh\hqguo oZjZdl_jbklbd ^ey jZaebqguo 2G
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Jbk J_]mebjh\hqgZy |
|
|
|
\uijyfbl_ey kh |
||||||
kj_^g_c lhqdhc jbk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
FZdkbfZevguc ^bZiZahg baf_g_gbc . khhl\_lkl\m_l ƒ l _ hl |
^h |
|
|
|||||||
Ijb Zdlb\gh bg^mdlb\ghc gZ]jmad_ |
\uijyfe_gguc |
lhd |
y\ey_lky |
|||||||
g_ij_ju\guf ^Z`_ ijb i_j_oh^_ djb\hc \uijyfe_ggh]h gZijy`_gby \ ahgm |
||||||||||
hljbpZl_evguo agZq_gbc aZ kq_l wg_j]bb gZdhie_gghc \ bg^mdlb\ghklb/G < |
||||||||||
h^ghf kemqZ_ hg aZfudZ_lky q_j_a h[jZlguc ^bh^ 9' Z ijb _]h hlkmlkl\bb |
||||||||||
aZfudZ_lky q_j_a h[fhldm ljZgknhjfZlhjZ hldjuluc \_glbev |
96 |
beb |
||||||||
ljZgabklhj97 b gZ]jmadm jbk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hij_^_ebf kj_^g__ agZq_gb_ lhdZ ^ey5/ |
gZ]jmadb ijb . |
Πlh]^Z ^ey |
||||||||
d\ZabmklZgh\b\r_]hky agZq_gby lhdZ |
. FRQVW fh`gh |
aZibkZlv |
||||||||
fZl_fZlbq_kdmx fh^_ev baf_g_gby f]gh\_gguo agZq_gbc lhdZ \ bgl_j\Ze_ |
||||||||||
bfimevkZ \_glbev hldjul \ bgl_j\Ze_ hl S ^h Π. b \ bgl_j\Ze_ iZmau |
||||||||||
dh]^Z \_glbev aZdjul ^ey5/ gZ]jmadb rmglbjh\Zg ^bh^hf beb hldjul aZ kq_l |
||||||||||
ijhl_dZgby lhdZ hl W>K kZfhbg^mdpbb |
|
|
^ey |
5/ gZ]jmadb k |
||||||
|
|
|||||||||
[hevrhc bg^mdlb\ghklvx |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J_r_gb_ ^bnn_j_gpbZevguo mjZ\g_gbc fh`gh ij_^klZ\blv \ ke_^mxs_f \b^_
Ba ]jZgbqguo mkeh\bc |
b |
hij_^_ebf |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Kj_^g__ agZq_gb_ lhdZ [m^_l jZ\gh |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
]^_ |
|
b |
hij_^_eyxlky \ujZ`_gbyfb k mq_lhf agZq_gbc |
||||||||||||||||||||||
b |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ihke_ ih^klZgh\db b ij_h[jZah\Zgbc ihemqbf |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Kj_^g__ agZq_gb_ lhdZ q_j_a rmglbjmxsbc ^bh^
>ey5 b 5/ gZ]jmadb D ov 3 o b D o 3 o ƒ kj_^g__ agZq_gb_ lhdZ
Ijb gZebqbb ijhlb\hwe_dljh^\b`ms_c kbeu ydhjy gZijy`_gby gZ _fdhklb nbevljZ
GZ jbk ij_^klZ\e_gu ^bZ]jZffu gZijy`_gbc b lhdh\ 5/ gZ]jmadb \_glbe_c b h[jZlgh \dexq_gguo ^bh^h\ ^ey fhklh\uo \_glbevguo ko_f jbk Z b [
Jbk >bZ]jZffu gZijy`_gbc b lhdh\5/ gZ]jmadb \_glbe_c b h[jZlgh \dexq_gguo ^bh^h\ ^ey fhklh\uo \_glbevguo ko_f jbk Z b [
Nhjfbjh\Zgb_ lhdZ gZ]jmadb ijhbkoh^bl ijb \dexq_gghf khklhygbb gZ bfimevk_ ke_^mxsbo iZj lbjbklhjh\ beb ljZgabklhjh\ 96 96 97 97 96 96 97 97 96 96 97 97 96 96 97 97 96 96 97 97 96 96 97 97 < bgl_j\ZeZo iZmau hldexq_gghf khklhygbb ex[h]h ba lbjbklhjh\ ko_fu lhd aZfudZ_lky q_j_a h[jZlguc ^bh^ beb ijb [hevrhc bg^mdlb\ghklb q_j_a ex[mx ba iZj lbjbklhjh\ljZgabklhjh\ Ijb g_ij_ju\ghf lhd_5 b 5/ gZ]jmadb \ bgl_j\Ze_ ”.”S
agZq_gb_ \uijyfe_ggh]h gZijy`_gby [m^_l jZ\gh
Ijb m]eZo .!S ^ey Zdlb\ghc gZ]jmadb bf__l f_klh [_ajZaju\guc lhd gZ]jmadb kj_^g__ agZq_gb_ \uijyfe_ggh]h gZijy`_gby fh`_l [ulv hij_^_e_gh \ ke_^mxs_f \b^_
>ey aZimkdZ ko_fu g_h[oh^bfh ih^Z\Zlv mijZ\eyxsb_ bfimevku gZ ex[mx iZjm lbjbklhjh\ fhklh\hc ko_fu 96 96 96 96 b l ^ ijb .!S
J_]mebjh\hqgu_ oZjZdl_jbklbdb hij_^_eyxlky nhjfmeZfb b ij_^klZ\e_gu gZ jbk
H[eZklv f_`^m djb\ufb khhl\_2lkl\m_l k_f_ckl\m j_]mebjh\hqguo oZjZdl_jbklbd ^ey jZaebqguo agZq_gbc G
Jbk J_]mebjh\hqgu onZaguo fhklh\uo ko_f \uijyfe_gby jbk
>bnn_j_gpbZevgu_ mjZ\g_gby hibku\Zxsb_ ijhp_kku baf_g_gby lhdZ5/ gZ]jmadb
Ba ]jZgbqguo mkeh\bc |
|
b |
|
||
hij_^_ebf |
|
|
gZ]jmadbAgZy LPLQ LPD[ b khhlghr_gb_ fh`gh hij_^_eblv kj_^g__ agZq_gb_ lhdZ
>ey Zdlb\ghc gZ]jmadb Z ov 3 b bg^mdlb\ghc gZ]jmadb Z o 3 ƒ kj_^g__ agZq_gb_ lhdZ gZ]jmadb [m^_l jZ\gh
m]he . baf_gy_lky hl ^h Kj_^g__ agZq_gb_ lhdZ q_j_a rmglbjmxsbc ^bh^
Fgh]hnZagu_ mijZ\ey_fu_ \uijyfbl_eb
Fgh]hnZagu_ mijZ\ey_fu_ \uijyfbl_eb ijbf_gyxlky ^ey g_ij_ju\gh]h b j_\_jkb\gh]h mijZ\e_gby gZ]jmadhc ihklhyggh]h lhdZ Ijbf_gyxlky fgh]hnZagu_ \uijyfbl_eb \ dZq_kl\_ bklhqgbdh\ iblZgby p_oh\uo k_l_c ihklhyggh]h lhdZ ih^klZgpbc iblZgby ]hjh^kdh]h we_dljbq_kdh]h ljZgkihjlZ \ kbeh\uo ijb\h^Zo ihklhyggh]h lhdZ jZaebqgh]h gZagZq_gby Fgh]hnZagu_ \uijyfbl_eb iha\heyxl mf_gvrblv Zfieblm^m imevkZpbc gZijy`_gby gZ]jmadb memqrblv ]Zjfhgbq_kdbc khklZ\ \uoh^gh]h gZijy`_gby bkdexqblv ijbf_g_gb_ nbevljh\
GZ jbk ij_^klZ\e_gZ ^\_gZ^pZlb nZagZy ko_fZ khklhysZy ba ^\mo ihke_^h\Zl_evgh \dexq_gguo fhklh\uo mijZ\ey_fuo \uijyfbl_e_c ijb . b \j_f_ggu_ ^bZ]jZffu \uoh^gh]h gZijy`_gby fgh]hnZaguo b lj_onZaguo fhklh\uo ko_f jbk \
D
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[ |
|
\ |
|
|
Jbk Ko_fZ Z [ b ^bZ]jZffu jZ[hlu \ ^\_gZ^pZlb nZagh]h |
||||
|
mijZ\ey_fh]h \uijyfbl_ey |
|
|
|
GZ jbk [ ij_^klZ\e_gZ ko_fZ mijZ\ey_fh]h |
^\_gZ^pZlb nZagh]h |
|||
\uijyfbl_ey DZ`^Zy fhklh\Zy ko_fZ M< M< iblZ_lky hl \lhjbqguo |
||||
h[fhlhd ljZgknhjfZlhjZ Lj \uoh^gu_ gZijy`_gby dhlhjuo k^\bgmlu ih |
||||
nZa_ ^jm] hlghkbl_evgh ^jm]Z gZ m]he ƒ >ey wlh]h |
fhklh\Zy k_fZ M< |
|||
iblZ_lky hl \lhjbqghc h[fhldb \dexq_gghc ih ko_f_ a\_a^u Z ^jm]Zy M<
iblZ_lky hl h[fhldb \dexq_gghc ih ko_f_ lj_m]hevgbdZ GZijy`_gby gZ