- •Англійська мова Методичний посібник для студентів факультету інженерної механіки (спеціальність «Обробка каменю»)
- •1. Our science of mining 6
- •1. Our science of mining
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •Exercises:
- •5. Main tasks and key problems of our country economic development
- •3. Retell the text.
- •6. The first higher mining school
- •7. Purpose and meaning of mine surveying
- •Vocabulary notes:
- •Exercises:
- •2. Define which sentences correspond to the text.
- •12. Face mechanization in great britain
- •Exercises:
- •2. Translate into Ukrainian paying attention to the attributive groups:
- •14. Fossil fuels
- •5. Retell the text «Screening».
- •18. The use of the relative dating to find resources
- •Exercises:
- •2. Translate into English:
- •3. Retell the text.
- •19.General information on mining ore deposits
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •Exercises:
- •20.The earth
- •Exercises:
- •2. Retell the text. Be ready to discuss.
- •22. Rocks
- •II. Answer the following questions.
- •III. Discuss the following points:
- •IV. Retell the text.
- •23. Rocks identification
- •Exercises:
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •Exercises:
- •2. Translate into English.
- •3. Retell the text.
- •25. Igneous rocks
- •Exercises:
- •Exercises:
- •27. Sedimentary rocks
- •28. Changing of rocks
- •Exercises:
- •1. Answer the questions:
- •2. Retell the text.
- •29. Rocks are made of minerals
- •Exercises:
- •2. Translate into English:
- •3. Retell the text.
- •31. How we use minerals
- •32. Plate tectonics model
- •Exercises:
- •Exercises:
- •1. Translate into Ukrainian paying attention to ‘ing’ – forms:
- •2. Get ready to answer the following questions:
- •3. Ask questions on all the parts of the following sentences:
- •4. Get ready to retell the text.
- •35. Fractures and fissures
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •Exercises:
- •2. Read the sentences. Find out those which correspond to the text.
- •3. Retell the text.
- •37. Culture in the classroom
- •Exercise:
- •39. Prospecting
- •Exersices:
- •1. Answer the following question
- •2. Read the sentences. Find out those which correspond to the text:
- •3. Retell the text.
- •40. Recent developments in openpit mining
Vocabulary Notes
coarse-grained sand - грубозернистий пісок
siltstone and shale - вріт та сланець
rock - гірська порода
sedimentary rock - осадова порода
stratified deposits - шарові родовища
pre-glacial period - дольодовиковий період
fine-grained sand - дрібнозернистий пісок
consolidated sedimentary - ущільнений осад
to solidify - твердіють
glacier - льодовик
angular grains - угловаті зерна
layered - шаруватий
gravel - крупний пісок, гравій
lime - вапно
limestone - вапняк
loose - пухкий
peat - торф
sediment - осад
schist - сланець
oil shale - горючий сланець
extrusive - ефузивний
intrusive - інтрузивний
Exercises:
Answer the questions:
1. What ways are rocks formed?
2. What is the sedimentary rock?
3. How are sedimentary rock formed?
2. Translate into English.
1. Породи руйнуються під впливом погодних умов та ерозії.
2. Осадові породи утворюються з часток гірських порід і мінералів та останків рослин та тварин.
3. Крейда – це один із видів осадових порід.
3. Retell the text.
25. Igneous rocks
The rocks underneath you have been changed from one kind to another. Some are melted. Some are changed by pressure and heat. Others are made when pieces of weathered rocks become stuck together.
Rocks formed from the cooling of melted material are igneous rocks. There are many kinds of igneous rocks. They are different in a couple of ways. One way is that different igneous rocks have different amounts or kinds of minerals in them.
How fast or how slow the rock cools is another difference. Melted rock material can cool slowly, deep inside Earth. It can also cool quickly on the surface of Earth. When rocks cool slowly, large crystals form. Crystals are a repeating pattern of particles. Particles are the very small pieces that minerals are made of. When a rock cools quickly, the crystals don’t get large enough to see.
Exercises:
1. Answer the questions:
1. How have the rocks been changed?
2. What are igneous rocks?
3. What is the difference between rocks?
2. Translate into English:
Гірські породи змінюються під дією тиску та високих температур.
Існує багато видів магматичних порід.
Коли порода застигає повільно, утворюються великі кристали.
3. Retell the text.
26. METAMORPHIC ROCKS
Metamorphicrocks are formed when heat and pressure change other rocks. Any kind of rock, igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic, can be changed in this way.
The cliff is made of slate, another metamorphic rock. Slate looks like a stack of thin, flat rocks. Some chalkboards are made from a large piece of slate.
Heat and pressure change an igneous rock into gneiss.
There are two types of metamorphic rocks: foliated and unfoliated. Foliated rocks have minerals arranged in bands. This occurs when the pressure on the rock separates minerals of different densities into different layers, where they crystallize during cooling. Unfoliated rocks do not have these characteristic bands.
Exercises:
Answer the questions:
1. How are metamorphic rocks formed?
2. What does slate look like?
How many types of metamorphic rocks do you know?
27. Sedimentary rocks
The cooling of melted rocks is only one way rocks are formed. Rocks break and change from weathering and erosion. Small pieces of rocks and minerals can become stuck together to form another kind of rock. This is called a sedimentary rock. They are made of rock and mineral pieces, and remains of plants and animals. The pieces are stuck together by other minerals.
The White Cliffs of Dover in England are made of a sedimentary rock called chalk. Chalk is a kind of limestone. It’s made of the mineral calcite and very tiny animals that once lived in oceans.
Another sedimentary rock, coquina, is made of sand and pieces of shells.