Unit 3.

Grammar study: The Predicate of the Sentence (Способы выражения сказуемого).

Task 1. Составьте таблицу по прилагаемому образцу. Распределите по её графам приведённые ниже предложения, обращая особое внимание на способы выражения СКАЗУЕМОГО. Предложения переведите.

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1.The fundamental laws of kinetics were first published by I. Newton in 1687.

2.The study of motion is called kinetics.

3.The engineering plants produce thousands of new types of machines, equipment, devices and instruments every year.

4.Any conducting material may be heated merely by being placed close to an arc current.

5.We say that such action – where electricity flows through space instead of being confined to metal conductors or circuits – is electronic.

6.The property of bodies to return after unloading to their initial form is called elasticity.

7.Metals in their pure form are seldom used in engineering application.

8.Metals may be joined by soldering, brazing or welding.

9.In conventional hot or cold rolling the main objective is to decrease the thickness of the metal.

Task 2. Прочтите и переведите текст.

WELDING

The art of welding is probably as old as any of the processes for the working of metals. Welding is a process which provides a non-detachable joining of two like metal pieces by heating them till melting condition or fusion without or with

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mechanical pressure. Fusion of two metal pieces may be done by different types of welding according to the type of metal to be welded and the kind of joint required.

Before making the weld, preparation of the edges to be welded is necessary. The edges should be cleaned and straightened up. When parts are joined by fusion, the surfaces being welded are heated until they melt and run together. If a filler is added, it is melted along with the metals being joined and runs into the space which it is necessary to fill up. Since the melting temperature of mild steel is about 1,200 degrees C, very high local temperatures are necessary to melt the metal at the point where the weld is to take place. The two chief methods of obtaining such temperatures are the oxy-acetylene flame and the electric arc.

Plastic methods include forge*, resistance**, pressure, and cold welding. The term forge welding is applied to the plastic welding methods that utilize a forge furnace*** of some kind for heating the metal prior to welding. This is the oldest known method of welding. The base metal parts are heated to a plastic condition in a furnace fired by coal, gas or oil and then united by means of pressure. For forge welding a material of rather low carbon content is required for successful operation, thus limiting its field of usefulness whereas only small objects can be welded by manual methods, quite large and heavy parts can be handled under the power hammer.

Electrical resistance welding methods depend upon a heavy, localized electric current and a great deal of mechanical pressure. Three methods of resistance welding are in use, differing from each other in the method of current and pressure application. The three are known as butt welding****, spot welding*****, and electropercussive welding******. Variations of each are in use.

*- кузнечная сварка;

**- контактная сварка;

***- кузнечный горн;

****- сварка встык;

*****- точечная сварка;

****** - электроперкуссивная (удар) сварка.

Task 3. Образуйте с помощью суффиксов прилагательные и наречия от следующих слов. Переведите исходные и производные слова.

Прилагательные

“-ic: ion, metal, organ, realist, i’dealist; “-ical”: astronom(er), ge’ograph(y), ge’olog(y);

“-ive”: act, regulat(e), ro’tat(e), re’act, e’vaporat(e); “-ous”: a’nalog(y), poison, industry, fam(e); “-ary”: station, element, second, planet.

Наречия

“-ly”: special, safe, careful, ultimate, i’nitial.

Task 4. Сгруппируйте в пары слова-синонимы.

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