VI. Прочтите и переведите устно текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1,2,4,6 абзацы текста.

1. Court is a person or body of persons having judicial authority to hear and determine disputes in particular cases: civil, criminal or military. Court is also a large room in a building where trials and other legal cases happen.

2. English courts are divided by certain features. The first distinction is between courts trying criminal cases and courts trying civil cases. The second distinction is made between the inferior courts, or courts of first instance, in which the first hearing of any proceeding takes place, and the superior courts, or courts of appeal, in which the judgment of the first courts are brought under view. The court of appeal is the main appeal court, whose decision may be reviewed by the House of Lords in important points of law.

3. The legal system also includes juvenile courts (which deal with offenders under seventeen) and coroner’s courts (which investigate violent, sudden or unnatural deaths). There are administrative tribunals, which make quick, cheap and fair decisions with much less formality. Tribunals deal with professional standards, disputes between individuals, and disputes between individuals and government departments (e.g. over taxation).

4. The American court system is complex. It functions as part of the federal system of government. Each state runs its own court system, and no two are identical. The federal courts coexist with the state courts.

5. Individuals fall under the jurisdiction of two different court systems, their state courts and federal courts. They can sue or be sued in either system, depending mostly on what their case is about. The vast majority of cases are resolved in the state courts.

6. The federal courts are organized in three tiers, like a pyramid. At the bottom of the pyramid there are the US district courts, where litigation begins. In the middle tier there are the US courts of appeals, At the top there is the US Supreme Court. To appeal means to take a case to a higher court. The courts of appeals and the Supreme Court are appellate courts, with few exceptions; they review cases that have been decided in lower courts. Most federal courts hear and decide a wide array of cases; the judges in these courts are known as generalists.

VII. Озаглавьте текст.

VIII. Напишите краткую аннотацию текста (на английском языке)

КОНТРОЛЬНЫЕ РАБОТA № 2

Вариант №2

I. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения слов it, that, one.

1. It is necessary to use the latest means of control in industry.

2. One should agree that that experiment was of great importance for our research.

3. This programme is too complex for fulfilling; we should think of an easier one.

4. It was only yesterday that I was told about the news.

II. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в каждом из них видовременную форму и залог глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The prices for metals were influenced by the growing demand.

2. Special attention has been paid to the packing, so that the goods may withstand oversea transport.

3. As the agreement had not been arrived at, the dispute was decided by arbitration.

4. The construction of good shopping centers has made goods available to consumers.

5. When the value of a nation’s currency is decreasing, its export are likely to increase.

6. Prices can be determined in different ways.

III. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива. Помните, что объектный и субъектный инфинитивные обороты соответствуют придаточным предложениям.

1. They promised to supply us with the necessary equipment.

2. The experiment to be carried out is of great importance for our work.

3. We have no intention to order these goods.

4. He is known to be working on this problem.

5. To meet the increased demand a number of shops have been opened.

6. I expect the goods to be delivered tomorrow.

7. This price is considered to be too high.

8. That information proved to be very important.

9. This problem is unlikely to be investigated quickly.

IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обратите внимание на перевод зависимого и независимого причастного оборота.

1. Economic co-operation based on mutual benefit is expanding and deeping.

2. We have sent invitations to the parties participating in the agreement.

3. Negotiations began, with ten countries taking part in them.

4. The goods having been unloaded, the workers left the port.

5. Having looked through all the catalogues and prices-lists received on that day he left the office.

6. The negotiations were conducted behind closed doors, measures having been taken that no correspondent should receive any information.