- •Английский язык
- •1 Terms to learn
- •2 Read the text Everyday uses of computers
- •3 Answer the questions.
- •1 Terms to learn
- •2 Read the text Types of Computer
- •3 Answer the questions.
- •1 Terms to learn
- •2 Read the text Parts of a computer
- •3 Answer the questions
- •1 Terms to learn
- •2 Read the text Keyboard and Mouse
- •3 Answer the questions
- •1 Terms to learn
- •2 Read the text
- •Interview: Student
- •3 Answer the following questions:
- •1 Terms to learn
- •2 Read the text
- •Input Devices
- •Optical input devices
- •3 Answer the following questions
- •1Terms to learn
- •2 Read the text Output devices
- •3 Answer the following questions.
- •1 Terms to learn
- •2 Read the text Storage devices
- •3 Answer the following questions.
- •Supplementary Reading
- •1Terms to learn
- •2 Read the text Graphical User Interface
- •3 Answer the following questions.
- •Unit 10
- •1 Terms to learn
- •2 Read the text Computing Support Assistant
- •3 Answer the following questions.
- •Unit 11
- •1 Words to know
- •2 Read the text Networks
- •3 Answer the following questions
- •Unit 12
- •1 Words to learn
- •2 Read the text Communications
- •3 Answer the following questions:
- •Unit 13
- •1 Words to know
- •2 Read the text The Internet 1: email and newsgroups
- •3 Answer the following questions
- •Unit 14
- •1 Words to know
- •2 Read the text
- •Internet 2: the World Wide Web
- •3 Answer the following questions:
- •Unit 15
- •1 Words to know
- •2 Read the text
- •Interview: Website Designer
- •3 Answer the following questions:
- •Unit 16
- •1 Terms to know
- •2 Read the text Word processing
- •3 Answer the following questions:
- •Test 10
- •Unit 17
- •1 Words to know
- •2 Read the text Databases and spreadsheets
- •3 Answer the following questions:
- •Unit 18
- •1 Words to know
- •2 Read the text Graphics and Multimedia
- •3 Answer the following questions:
- •Test 11
- •Unit 19
- •1 Words to know
- •2 Read the text Programming
- •3 Answer the following questions:
- •Unit 20
- •1 Words to know
- •2 Read the text
- •Interview: Analyst/Programmer
- •3 Answer the following questions:
- •Test 12
- •Unit 21
- •1 Words to know
- •2 Read the text Languages
- •3 Answer the following questions:
- •Unit 22
- •1 Words to know
- •2 Read the text
- •3 Answer the following questions:
- •Test 13
- •Unit 23
- •1 Words to know
- •2 Read the text Future Trends 1
- •3 Answer the following questions:
- •Test 14
- •Unit 24
- •1 Words to know
- •2 Read the text Future Trends 2
- •3 Answer the following questions:
- •Unit 25
- •1 Words to know
- •2 Read the text
- •Interview: it Manager
- •Unit 26
- •2 Read the text
- •Issues in computing
- •3 Answer the following questions:
- •Test 15
- •Unit 27
- •1 Words to know
- •2 Read the text Careers in computing
- •Unit 28
- •1 Words to know
- •2 Read the text
- •Interview: Systems Manager
- •3 Answer the following two questions:
- •Test 16
- •List of english-russian terms
- •Английский язык
1 Terms to learn
byte, n |
байт |
kilobyte, n |
килобайт |
megabyte, n |
мегабайт |
gigabyte, n |
гигабайт |
megahertz, n |
мегагерц |
motherboard, n |
материнская плата |
port, n |
порт |
RAM, n (Random Access Memory) |
память (ЗУ) с произвольной выборкой, ЗУПВ, оперативное ЗУ |
ROM, n (Read Only Memory) |
ПЗУ, постоянная память, постоянное запоминающее устройство |
cache memory, n |
кэш (быстродействующая буферная память небольшой емкости) |
expansion card, n |
плата расширения |
chip, n |
микросхема, кристалл, чип |
parallel port, n |
параллельный порт |
memory slot, n |
гнездо для подсоединения плат памяти |
microprocessor, n |
микропроцессор |
loudspeaker, n |
громкоговоритель |
graphics card, n |
графическая плата, видеокарта |
power supply, n |
1) (электро)питание 2) источник (электро)питания |
serial port, n |
последовательный порт |
serial mouse, n |
последовательная мышь, мышь с последовательным интерфейсом |
video(VGA) port, n |
порт для подсоединения видеокарты |
video memory, n |
видеопамять, память (для хранения) видеоданных |
upgradable, adj |
расширяемый (по функциональным возможностям), модернизируемый |
a tower shaped case, n
|
вертикальный корпус (системного блока компьютера) |
2 Read the text Parts of a computer
Most computers consist of electronic central processing unit (CPU) to which are attached different input devices, output devices and storage devices. The CPU and storage devices are normally built inside a system unit which consists of a metal chassis enclosed in a flat desktop or a tower shaped case. A system unit contains an electronic board called the motherboard that holds and connects together the main electronic components. These are shown in the table below.
Processor controls the system
(microprocessor) and processes the
Data
ROM (Read stores the program instructions
Only Memory) the computer needs to start up
RAM (Random stores the data being processed
Access Memory)
Cache memory speeds up the processing
The motherboard usually has empty electronic connectors, called expansion slots, into which additional electronic boards (sometimes called expansion cards) can be plugged. This allows extra electronic components to be added. For example, more memory can be added by plugging memory boards (e.g. SIMMS) into the memory slots. Sound facilities can be added by plugging a sound card into an expansion slot. This is one way of upgrading a computer. Another way is to replace the motherboard with a newer and better one.
The system unit usually also contains a small speaker (or loudspeaker), the power supply, and some storage devices. These often include: a hard disk drive with a fixed disk that can store a very large amount of data; a floppy disk drive (накопитель на гибких магнитных дисках)that uses removable floppy disks (diskettes); a CD-ROM or DVD drive that is used for reading CD-ROM or DVD drive disks (particularly in multimedia computers). Some other devices may be included in the system unit but most input and output devices are plugged into the back of the system unit using connectors known as ports.
Power is a function of both speed and capacity. The power of a computer depends on the combination of all the components. When buying a computer, you can often choose between different components. In particular you can choose between different processor speeds, amounts of memory, and hard disk sizes. Units of measurement commonly used in computing are shown below.
Unit Symbol Meaning Measurement
Hertz HZ cycles per frequency
Second
Byte B space for one capacity
(pronounced character,
i.e. one letter,
like bite) number,
punctuation
mark, symbol
or even a space
Hertz are measured using the decimal system but bytes are measured using the binary system. The values of the unit prefixes vary in these two systems as shown in the table below.
Unit Symbol Decimal System Binary System
Kilo K 103 =1000 2 10 = 1024
Mega M 10 6 = 1000000 2 20=1048576
Giga G 109= 2 30 =
1000000000 1073741824
(MHZ = megahertz, KB = kilobytes, MB =megabytes, GB = gigabytes)