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1.
45 t=1130 0 ,
750 , 660 , 2,1 1/
.
-– 45;
-t=1130 0 ;
-: h0=750 , h1=660 ;
-u=2,1 1/ .
.
1. .
h0 h1 750 660 0,12 12% h0 750
kt k ku
– , 2; 45 ( )
=88 2.
kt, k , ku – , ,
, , .
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kt 0,57 0,0045 1200 t |
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1200 t |
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t |
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0,57 0,0045 1200 1130 |
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1200 1130 |
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0,64 |
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1130 |
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u=1÷100 -1
ku 0,80 0,065 u
u=100÷300 -1
ku 0,80 0,085 u
ku 0,80 0,065 u 0,80 0,065 2,1 0,865
0,15
k 4,7 4,5
>0,15
k 0,82 0,082
=12%=0,12
k 4,7 0,12 4,5 0,12 1,088
( )
0,64 0,865 1,088 88 53 / 2
2. .
45 ( ) S=1,000 0=85,6 2 a=0,143 b=0,173 c=-3,05.
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0,143 |
0,173 |
1130 |
-3,05 |
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1 85,6 2,1 |
10 0,12 |
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1000 |
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85,6 1,11 1,03 0,69 67,5 / 2
2. = ( )
30 t=975 0 , u=60 -1,
=0.05 0.45.
S |
0 u |
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10 |
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1000 |
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30 S=0.836 0=186 2 |
a=0.124 b=0.150 c=-4.61. |
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=0.05. |
1. t=975 0C, u=60 -1, =0.05 |
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-4.61 |
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0.124 |
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0.150 |
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975 |
0.836 186 |
60 |
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10 0.05 |
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1000 |
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155.51.66 0.901 1.12 260.5 / 2
2.t=975 0C, u=60 -1, =0.10
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0.124 |
0.150 |
975 |
-4.61 |
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0.836 186 60 |
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10 0.10 |
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1000 |
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155.51.66 1 1.12 289 / 2
3.t=975 0C, u=60 -1, =0.15
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0.124 |
0.150 |
975 |
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-4.61 |
0.836 186 60 |
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10 0.15 |
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1000 |
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155.5 1.66 1.06 1.12 306.5 / 2
4. t=975 0C, u=60 -1, =0.20
= ( )
30 , u=60 -1, t=975 0
0.836 186 600.124 10 0.20 0.150
289 1.11 320.8 / 2
5. t=975 0C, u=60 -1, =0.25
0.836 186 600.124 10 0.25 0.150
289 1.15 331.7 / 2
6. t=975 0C, u=60 -1, =0.30
0.836 186 600.124 10 0.30 0.150
289 1.18 340.9 / 2
7. t=975 0C, u=60 -1, =0.35
0.836 186 600.124 10 0.35 0.150
289 1.21 348.9 / 2
8. t=975 0C, u=60 -1, =0.40
0.836 186 600.124 10 0.40 0.150
289 1.23 355.9 / 2
9. t=975 0C, u=60 -1, =0.45
0.836 186 600.124 10 0.45 0.150
289 1.25 362.3 / 2
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975 |
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1000 |
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975 |
-4.61 |
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1000 |
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975 |
-4.61 |
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1000 |
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975 |
-4.61 |
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1000 |
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975 |
-4.61 |
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1000 |
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1160 |
-4.61 |
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1000 |
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30 =0.05 0.45,
u=60 -1, t=975 0
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0.05 |
0.10 |
0.15 |
0.20 |
0.25 |
0.30 |
0.35 |
0.40 |
0.45 |
, |
260.5 |
289.0 |
306.5 |
320.8 |
331.7 |
340.9 |
348.9 |
355.9 |
362.3 |
2
3. = (t)
30 =0,2, u=60 -1,
t=700 1200 0 .
S |
0 u |
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10 |
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1000 |
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30 S=0.836 0=186 2 |
a=0.124 b=0.150 c=-4.61.
= (t)
30 , u=60 -1, =0,2
t =100 0 .
1. t=700 0C, u=60 -1, =0,2
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0.124 |
0.150 |
700 |
-4.61 |
0.836 186 60 |
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10 0,2 |
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1000 |
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155,5 1,66 1,11 5,18 1484,2 / 2
2. t=800 0C, u=60 -1, =0,2
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0.124 |
0.150 |
800 |
-4.61 |
0.836 186 60 |
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10 0,2 |
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1000 |
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155,5 1,66 1,11 2,8 802,3 / 2
3. t=900 0C, u=60 -1, =0,2
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0.124 |
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0.150 |
900 |
-4.61 |
0.836 186 60 |
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10 |
0,2 |
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1000 |
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155,5 1,66 1,11 1,62 465,7 |
/ 2 |
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4. t=1000 0C, u=60 -1, =0,2
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0.124 |
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0.150 |
1000 |
-4.61 |
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0.836 186 60 |
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0,2 |
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1000 |
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155,5 1,66 1,11 1,0 286,5 / 2 |
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5. t=1100 0C, u=60 -1, =0,2 |
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-4.61 |
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0.124 |
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0.150 |
1100 |
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0.836 186 60 |
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10 |
0,2 |
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1000 |
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155,5 1,66 1,11 0,64 183,4 / 2 |
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6. t=700 0C, |
u=60 -1, =0,2 |
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-4.61 |
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0.124 |
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0.150 |
1200 |
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0.836 186 60 |
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10 |
0,2 |
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1000 |
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155,5 1,66 1,11 0,43 123,6 / 2 |
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30 |
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t=700 1200 0 , u=60 -1, =0,2 |
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t |
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700 |
800 |
900 |
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1000 |
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1100 |
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1200 |
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, |
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1484 |
802,3 |
465,7 |
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286,5 |
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183,4 |
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123,6 |
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2 |
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4. |
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= (u) |
.5 t=950 0 , =0,25,
u=10-3 103 -1.
S 0 u |
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1000 |
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.5 |
S=0,917 0=89,5 2 a=0,144 |
b=0,208 c=-3,35. |
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1. t=950 0C, =0,25, u=10-3 -1. |
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0.144 |
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0,208 |
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950 |
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-3,35 |
0,917 89,5 0,001 |
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10 0,25 |
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1000 |
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0,917 89,5 0,37 1,21 1,19 43,7 |
/ 2 |
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2. t=950 0C, =0,25, u=10-2 -1. |
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-3,35 |
0.144 |
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0,208 |
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950 |
0,917 89,5 0,01 |
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10 0,25 |
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1000 |
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0,917 89,5 0,52 1,21 1,19 61,5 |
/ 2 |
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3. t=950 0C, =0,25, u=10-1 -1. |
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950 -3,35 |
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0.144 |
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0,208 |
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0,917 89,5 0,1 |
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10 0,25 |
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1000 |
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0,917 89,5 0,72 1,21 1,19 85,1 / 2 |
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4. t=950 0C, =0,25, u=1 -1. |
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0.144 |
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0,208 |
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950 -3,35 |
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0,917 89,5 1 |
10 0,25 |
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1000 |
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0,917 89,5 1 1,21 1,19 118,2 / 2
5. t=950 0C, =0,25, u=10 -1.
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0.144 |
0,208 |
950 |
-3,35 |
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0,917 89,5 10 |
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10 0,25 |
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1000 |
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0,917 89,5 1,39 1,21 1,19 164,3 / 2
6. t=950 0C, =0,52, u=102 -1.
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0.144 |
0,208 |
950 |
-3,35 |
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0,917 89,5 100 |
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10 0,25 |
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1000 |
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0,917 89,5 1,94 1,21 1,19 229,3 / 2
7. t=950 0C, =0,25, u=103 -1.
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0.144 |
0,208 |
950 |
-3,35 |
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0,917 89,5 1000 |
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10 0,25 |
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1000 |
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0,917 89,5 2,70 1,21 1,19 319,1 / 2
.5 t=950 0 ,
=0,25, u=10-3 103 -1.
u |
10-3 |
10-2 |
10-1 |
1 |
10 |
102 |
103 |
, |
43,7 |
61,5 |
85,1 |
118,2 |
164,3 |
229,3 |
319,1 |
2
5. = ( )
10 . =400 2 m=64 2 n=0.6. .
0 0.02 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80.
m 100 n
1. =0
400 64 100 0 0.6 400 / 2
2. =0.02
400 64 100 0.02 0.6 497 / 2
3. =0.05
400 64 100 0.05 0.6 568 / 2
10
( )
4. =0.10
400 64 100 0.10 0.6 655 / 2
5. =0.15
400 64 100 0.15 0.6 725 / 2
6. =0.20
400 64 100 0.20 0.6 786 / 2
7. =0.30
400 64 100 0.30 0.6 893 / 2
8. =0.40
400 64 100 0.40 0.6 985 / 2
9. =0.50
400 64 100 0.50 0.6 1069 / 2
10. =0.60
400 64 100 0.60 0.6 1147 / 2
11. =0.70
400 64 100 0.70 0.6 1219 / 2
12. =0.80
400 64 100 0.80 0.6 1287 / 2
10
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0 |
0.02 |
0.05 |
0.10 |
0.15 |
0.20 |
0.30 |
0.40 |
0.50 |
0.60 |
0.70 |
0.80 |
, |
400 |
497 |
568 |
655 |
725 |
786 |
893 |
985 |
1069 |
1147 |
1219 |
1287 |
2
3.2 ( ) .
,
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( ) .
.
,
, ?
,
( )
.
, 2 3=0, , ,
, ,
,
1
, , ,
, ,
( )
1 .
2 3 0, ,
,
.
( )
1, 2, 3,
.
« »,
, ,
,
.