F. Stop and search

A police officer has the power to stop and search people and vehicles if there are reasonable grounds for suspecting that he or she will find stolen goods, offensive weapons or implements that could be used for theft, burglary or other offences.

G. Trial

Criminal trials usually have two parties: the prosecution and the defence. The prosecution must prove beyond reasonable doubt that the defendant committed the crime alleged. An accused person has the right to employ a legal adviser and may be granted legal aid from public funds. In some courts the cases are tried by a judge only, in others – by a judge and a jury, which returns the verdict of “guilty” or “not guilty”.

Ex. 46 A Translate the following expressions into Russian:

arrest somebody for something	be convicted of something
ban somebody from doing something	fine somebody for something
be involved (in a crime)	impose a sentence on somebody
be suspected of something	reach/ return a verdict
be tried for something	sentence somebody to (prison)
charge somebody with something	sue somebody for something
detain somebody	plead guilty (not guilty)
issue a warrant of arrest	find guilty (not guilty)

B Fill in the blanks in the sentences below with a suitable phrase from the box in the right form. You will not need to use all the phrases.

1. The thief __________ twenty years of imprisonment by a very reactionary judge.

2. The jury ___________ of “guilty” after many hours of deliberation.

3. He was ___________ two hundred pounds ___________ causing a breach of peace.

4. The police were getting out of the car to ___________ the man __________ trespassing on private land when he pulled out a gun.

5. The fact that the man had blood on his shoes showed that he __________ the crime.

6. The judge ___________ the man ____________ driving for one year.

7. The TV presenter threatened to __________ her employers ___________ breach of promise after they refused to renew he contract.

8. The police arrested the man and took him to the police station where he was formally __________ conspiracy to murder.

9. A suspect is being ________ by the police for further investigation.

10. An accused can ________, which is the admission that he committed the crime and can be sentenced without a trial.

Ex. 47 A Fill in the blanks in the chart with the following words:

fined found life lose probation plead reduced sentence win

B Describe different variants of a criminal case development basing on the chart above.

In the Court Room

Ex. 48 A Look at the picture of a trial in process. Match the words with the numbers:

	The accused/ the defendant		Bailiff
	Witness		Witness box/ stand
	Jury		The dock
	Judge		The judge’s bench
	Lawyer for the prosecution (prosecutor/ prosecuting lawyer/ prosecuting counsel)		The jury box
	Lawyer for the defence/ defence counsel		The public gallery
	Newspaper reporters		Court stenographer
	Court clerk

B Match the explanations with the words from the table.

1 The person who is on trial in a criminal court of law. They are charged with committing (accused of) a crime.

2 A legal representative who officially accuses someone of committing a crime in a court and tries to prove that the person is guilty of committing the crime.

3 A group of twelve ordinary people, called jurors. In criminal trials they consider the evidence, decide what the facts are, and decide whether the accused person is guilty or not.

4 A person who states that they know about a particular person, or about matters related to a legal case. This is called giving evidence/ testimony.

5 A person who represents the interests of the defendant in a court.

6 The person in charge of a criminal trial who decides the answers to legal questions in the trial or tells the jury what the law is. If a person is found guilty, he/she decides what punishment should be given.

Ex. 49 Using the notes below write a coherent text describing the procedure of a trial. Remember to structure your writing and to use appropriate linking devices.