Microscopy

The previously mentioned ….. will often rely on microscopic examination for identification of the microbe. Instruments such as … can be used to assess critical aspects of the organism. This can be performed immediately after the sample is taken from the patient and is used in conjunction with biochemical staining techniques, allowing for resolution of cellular features.  ….  are also used for observing microbes in greater detail.

Electron microscopes and fluorescence microscopes; culture techniques; compound light microscopes ;

Exercise 11. Find corresponding equivalents:

Багатоклітинні мікроорганізми; мікроскопічні гриби; класифікація організмів; містити в собі: ті, що викликають хворобу; шкідлива дія; напрямки діяльності різноманітних мікроорганізмів; в інтересах медицини; галузь медицини; теоретична та прикладна наука; спадковість і мінливість; біосинтез органічних сполук; поліпшення здоров'я; шляхи передачі інфекції; пропонуючи варіанти лікування; спалах захворювань; звичайні, непатогенні види та їх властивості.

Exercise 12*. Fill in the gaps with the words and word-combinations from the box:

There are various ways in which disease can be transmitted between individuals. These include:

1. -Touching an infected host, including sexual contact

2. -Touching a contaminated surface

3. - Coughing or sneezing

4. -Ingesting contaminated food or water sources

5. - Pathogen carrying spores

6. -An organism that does not cause disease itself but transmits infection by conveying pathogens from one host to another

7. -Nosocomial (originating in hospital) infections

Environmental; Fecal–oral route; Vector transmission; Direct contact; Droplet contact; Indirect contact; Airborne (through the air) transmission

Grammar in use Types of questions

	Microbiology studies microorganisms.
General	Does microbiology study microorganisms?
Special	What science studies microorganisms? What does microbiology study?
Alternative	Does microbiology study organisms or microorganisms?
Disjunctive	Microbiology studies microorganisms, doesn’t it?

Exercise 13. Read and translate the sentence. Make up 4 types of questions to the sentence.

A medical microbiologist often makes treatment recommendations to the patient’s physician based on the strain of microbe and its antibiotic resistances, the site of infection, the potential toxicity of antimicrobial drugs and any drug allergies the patient has.

Exercise 14. Read and translate the following word-combinations, paying attention to the Personal and Possessive Pronouns. Find more examples in the main text and translate them.

1. A medical microbiologist and his treatment recommendations;

2. The strain of microbe and its antibiotic resistances;

3. Non-pathogenic species and their properties;

4. We and our observations;

5. You and your discoveries;

6. I and my attitude to this problem;

Exercise 15. a). Read and translate the text.

b). Open the brackets. c). Put questions to the underlined words.