Занятие 4

Тема 2.2. Основная проблематика специальности «Социальная работа».

Продолжительность занятия: 2 часа.

Цель: Овладеть активной лексикой и основными лексико-грамматическими конструкциями, необходимыми и достаточными для построения монологических и диалогических высказываний.

Задачи:

1. ознакомить с активной лексикой и тренировать ее

2. тренировать грамматические модели

3. тренировка навыков изучающего и информативного чтения, устного высказывания

Этапы занятий и рекомендуемая продолжительность тренировки видов речевой деятельности:

1. Проверка домашнего задания. Направлено на формирование компетенции (20 мин).

2. Работа над грамматическим материалом: повторение и закрепление употребления Passive Voice. Направлена на развитие компетенции (25 мин).

Passive Voice (Страдательный залог)

Конструкции в страдательном залоге используются в тех случаях, когда агент действия неизвестен, либо информация о нем не важна в ситуации, о которой идет речь. Подлежащее предложения в страдательном залоге обычно называет объект, на который направлено действие. Сравните два предложения в действительном и страдательном залогах, описывающих одну и ту же ситуацию:

Fleming (подлежащее, агент действия) discovered penicillin in 1950 (дополнение) – действительный залог. Penicillin (подлежащее) was discovered by Fleming (агент действия) in 1950 – страдательный залог.

Для построения предложения в страдательном залоге во временах группы Simple Passive используется глагол to be в соответствующей временной форме + Participle II. Рассмотрим следующие примеры:

Present Simple Active: Doctors review the most interesting cases in the clinical session every day.

Present Simple Passive: The most interesting cases are reviewed every day in the clinical session.

Past Simple Active: We recruited 50 patients to participate in this trial.

Past Simple Passive: 50 patients were recruited to participate in this trial.

Future Simple Active: In 50 years’ time doctors will cure all forms of cancer.

Future Simple Passive: In 50 years’ time all forms of cancer will be cured.

Task 1. Translate the following sentences. State how the passive predicate is formed.

1. She was vaccinated against smallpox as a child. 2. Hormones are released into the body by glands. 3. The attack was presented by a rise in body temperature. 4. Antibodies are created to kill bacteria. 5. This treatment is given to prevent the patient's condition from getting worse. 6. Implants are surgically placed in your jaw bone while under anesthesia. 7. Most implants are made of titanium. 8. This screw type implant is shaped like the root of a tooth. 9. Twenty patients will be followed clinically. 10. A number of new trends were reviewed in the article. 11. Sixteen patients were treated with infliximab. 12. Interferon β was used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. 13. Interleukin 2 is secreted by activated T-cells. 14. Interferon γ is produced by natural killer cells. 15. Osteoporosis is poorly treated after a new fracture. 16. Analysis is built on a number of assumptions and extrapolations. 17. A few key trials were conducted last year. 18. Five months later she was taken off supplementary oxygen. 19. He was hospitalized for postinfuenza myocarditis. 10. 40 consecutive patients will be enrolled in the study. 20. The second course of BCG immunotherapy was suspended.

Task 2. Change the following sentences from the Active into the Passive Voice.

1. The doctor examined 10 patients yesterday. 2. The researchers classify various types of abdominal disorders. 3. The professor delivered an interesting lecture. 4. Doctors administer drugs to patients. 5. Many patients take medication daily. 6. Post-graduate students use numerous hand-outs in class.7. The students revised all the rules for the test. 8. Students memorize a lot of English words to enlarge their vocabulary. 9. We will compare the use of interleukin 2 in two groups of patients. 10. The researchers will experiment on white linear mice. 11. The scientists will conduct a controlled trial. 12. They will demonstrate the advantages of this method. 13. He analyzed the changes in the patient's condition. 14. They hospitalized the patient promptly after examination. 15. Either doctors or residents take a medical history. 16. The surgeon placed a tourniquet on the arm to stop the bleeding. 17. They treated the wound with alcohol. 18. The article gives insight into the pathological mechanisms of hepatitis B. 19. The new discovery challenges traditional beliefs. 20. The teacher supported my ideas.

3. Изучающее чтение. Направлено на формирование компетенции ОК-14 – (45 мин).

Task 1. Read and translate the text.