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Vocabulary.

universal ship - универсальное судно

specialized ship – специализированное судно

Trend – тенденция, направление

cargo handling equipment – грузо - обрабатывающее оборудование

derrick – груз. стрела

single lift – один подъем

bow – нос (судна)

stern – корма (судна)

adjustable steel ramp – регулируемый стальной трап (аппарель) (наклонный спуск)

dock-side facilities – портовые средства (оборудование)

cargo carrying capacity - грузовместимость

multi-purpose ship – многоцелевое судно

hatch - люк

deck - палуба

liner – лайнер, рейсовое судно

tramp – грузовой пароход, не работающий на определенных рейсах

destination – направление, назначение

departure - отправка

arrival - прибытие

ports of call – порт захода

govern – управлять, руководить, определять

necessity – необходимость

5. Answer the questions.

1. How many types are cargo ships divided into? 2. What types are dry cargo ships divided into? 3. What types of cargo can dry cargo ships carry? 4. What three trends are there in specialized ship design? 5. Tell about cargo-carriers with cargo handling equipment on board. 6. Explain design construction and purpose of Roll-on/Roll-off ships. 7. Tell about container ships.

8. What types may dry cargo ships be also divided into depending on the cargo handling methods? 9. What types may all vessels be divided into depending on their sailing range? 10. What types may all vessels be divided into depending on the number of decks? 11. What is the difference between liners and tramps?

6. Complete the sentences.

1. Universal ships can carry ….

2. Specialized ships are designed to carry ….

3. Cargo-carriers with cargo handling equipment on board for special purposes ….

4. In design of Roll-on/Roll-off ships ….

5. Container ships carry ….

6. Depending on the cargo handling methods dry cargo ships may be also divided into …

7. Depending on their sailing range all vessels may be divided into ….

8. Depending on the number of decks ….

9. A liner is a vessel which ….

10. A tramp does not ….

a) …. bow and stern doors and adjustable steel ramps permit vehicles to drive on board and drive off again.

b) … 1) LO-LO (lift-on/lift-off) vessels; 2) RO-RO (roll-on/roll-off) vessels; 3) FO-FO (float-on/float off) vessels.

c) …. limited sailing range vessels (or coasters) and unlimited sailing range vessels.

d) …. sail on a fixed route.

e) …. practically any types of cargo.

f) …. are called special-purpose ships.

g) …. sails to a fixed destination on a fixed route.

h) …. ships may be onedeckers, double-deckers.

i) …. one particular type of cargo.

j) …. freight containers of different sizes or of different cargo carrying capacity.

7. Make up sentences using following word combinations.

1. liquid, ships, OBO (oil-bulk-ore), both, dry, carry, cargoes, can, and.

2. designed, type, one, to, Specialized, particular, are, carry, ships, cargo, of.

3. trends, are, There, design, specialized, three, ship, in.

4. dock-side, minimum, vessels, only, Such, facilities, require.

5. area, sail, sea, can, Deep, any, ocean, vessels, of, to, world, the.

8. Translate into English some word combinations from the text.

1. OBO (нефть - насыпной груз - руда) ships can перевозить both dry and liquid грузы.

2. Универсальные суда can carry практически любые types of cargo.

3. Тяжеловесные грузовые суда with стрелами or cranes can handle single lifts over 500 tons and they do not require посторонней помощи.

4. Containers can be быстро спущены на воду over кормы судна.

5. Some of много-целевые суда are also предназначены to carry rolled vehicles or heavy/bulky cargoes.

6. На борту LO-LO (lift-on/lift-off) vessels обработка груза is effected by derricks or cranes through грузовые люки.

7. On board RO-RO (roll-on/roll-off) vessels the cargo заезжает board and rolled off.

8. On board FO-FO (float-on/float off) vessels dock lift cargo метод погрузки is used, that is плавучие грузовые средства (e.g. barges) are floated into cargo spaces (usually large трюма).

9. Каботажные суда are designed to sail in a certain area or at a certain distance from the port, суда неограниченного морского плавания can sail to any area of the World Ocean.

10. A liner has установленные dates of отправления and прибытия, fixed ports of call between her home port and местом прибытия.