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3. Answer the following questions using the information from the text:

1. What does the word “right” refer to?

2. What does “people have the right to die with dignity” mean?

3. What factors brought about the establishment of the Universal Declaration

of Human Rights?

4. What do the countries agree upon in 1950s?

5. Is the term “human rights” limited to the freedoms from unjustified coercion

by authorities?

6. What are the two controversies in jurisprudential debates about the nature

of rights?

7. Do all legal scholars are certain about the universal aspects of human rights?

8. What are the two main reasons of the importance of protection liberty rights

to the system of liberal democracy?

4. Give the word families of the following words. Mark the meaning in which the following words are used in the text:

right

  1. title to or an interest in any property

  2. freedom to exercise any power conferred by law

  3. any other interest or privilege recognized and protected by law

authority

a) power delegated to a person or body to act in a particular way

  1. a governing body

  2. a judicial decision or other source of law used as a ground for a

legal preposition

state

  1. the condition of a person or thong with respect to circumstances

  2. a nation or a government, a country

  3. a part of the USA

term

a) the time or period, usually fixed

b) a word defining something in a particular field

c) pl. conditions and stipulations

d) pl. words expressed in a specified way

5. Write down the plan for this text in the form of questions. Ask your partners to answer them.

6. On December 10, 1948 the Declaration of Human Rights was issued, defining the civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights of human beings. Below are extracts from the first 10 articles (there are 30 in all).

A) Complete the text by choosing the correct word from the box.

B) Give the information of each article in your own words and comment on each.

charge detention exile free

freedoms law Liberty punishment race

remedy rights slavery tribunal

Article 1. All human beings are born … and equal in dignity and rights.

Article 2. Everyone is entitled to all the rights and … set forth in this

Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as …,

colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion,

national or social origin, property, birth or other status.

Article 3. Everyone has the right to life, … and security of person.

Article 4. No one shall be held in … or servitude (рабство); slavery and

the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.

Article 5. No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or

degrading treatment or ….

Article 6. Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person

before the ….

Article 7. All are equal before the law and are entitled without any

discrimination to equal protection of the law.

Article 8. Everyone has the right to an effective … by the competent

national tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights

granted him by the constitution or by law.

Article 9. No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, …or … .

Article 10. Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing

by an independent and impartial …, in the determination of his

… and obligations and of any criminal … against him.

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