004 Simple Sent Analysis

Simple SENTENCE ANALYSIS

1. Define the type of the sentence according to:

• the purpose of the utterance (statement (positive, negative), question, command, exclamation);

• the structure (one-member /nominal, verbal/, two-member /complete, incomplete/);

• the formula (SV, SVA, SVO, SVC, SVOO, SVOC, SVOA).

2. Point out the subject of the sentence.

Mention whether it is notional or formal.

If formal: it /impersonal, introductory, emphatic/, there.

If notional: state what it is expressed by

• if noun: a) state whether it is common or proper

if proper: is it animate (human/non-human) or inanimate

is it name of a person

geographical name

name of hotel, ship, newspaper, etc.

if common: is it countable or uncountable

is it class/ concrete noun

collective noun

abstract noun

material noun

b) state whether it is in singular or plural

c) state whether it is in common or genitive case

• if pronoun: define the class of the pronoun

a) personal ( person: first, second, third;

number: singular, plural

case: nominative, objective)

b) demonstrative (singular or plural)

c) indefinite

d) negative

e) possessive (the conjoint form /my/ or the absolute form /mine/)

f) reflexive (state person and number)

g) reciprocal (common case or genitive case)

h) detaching

i) universal

j) interrogative

k) conjunctive

l) relative

• if adjective: state whether it is qualitative (gradable) or relative

if it is qualitative mention the degree of comparison: positive

comparative

superlative

• if numeral: state whether it is cardinal or ordinal

• if the finite verb: point the person

number (singular or plural)

tense

voice: active or passive

mood: indicative, imperative, subjunctive

mention if it is transitive or intransitive

- if the verbal: state the nature (gerund, infinitive, participle)

voice (active or passive)

aspect ((for infinitive only) common or continuous)

perfect or non-perfect

3. Point out the predicate/verb in the sentence. State whether it is

simple (verbal or phraseological) or

compound (nominal, verbal /modal, aspect/, or mixed)

State the nature of the components of the compound predicate: type of the link verb and the predicative (see above)

4. Point out the other parts of the sentence. State their nature.

• object, state whether it is: a) direct or indirect

b) simple or complex

• adverbial, state whether it is: of time, of frequency, of place and direction, of manner, of attendant circumstances, of degree and measure, of cause, of result or consequence, of condition, of comparison, of concession, of purpose, of exception.

5. Point out the independent elements of the sentence.

• parentheses

• direct address

• interjection

SIMPLE SENTENCE ANALYSIS example

In the morning I packed my bags and carried them to the elevator (Shaw).

This is a simple, declarative, affirmative, two-member, complete, extended sentence.

I is the subject, expressed by a personal pronoun, first person, singular, in the Nominative case;

packed and carried are homogeneous simple verbal predicates expressed by the verbs to pack and to carry in the past indefinite tense, the active voice, the indicative mood;

my bags is a direct object to the verb to pack expressed by a common noun in the common case, plural;

my is an attribute to the noun bags expressed by a possessive pronoun, first person, singular, in the conjoint form;

them is a direct object to the verb to carry expressed by a personal pronoun, third person, plural, in the objective case;

to the elevator is an adverbial modifier of place expressed by a prepositional noun phrase;

in the morning is an adverbial modifier of time expressed by a prepositional noun phrase.