- •Державна податкова адміністрація україни національна академія державної податкової служби україни
- •Для студентів-юристів з курсу
- •I. Political system of Great Britain 66
- •II. Political system of the usa 75
- •III. Courts in Great Britain and the usa 89
- •VI. Branches of Law 97
- •Передмова
- •Part I. Texts and Exercises unit 1
- •I am a student of law department
- •Word list
- •About my friend
- •Word list
- •National state tax service academy of Ukraine
- •Word list
- •The political system of Ukraine
- •The Constitution of Ukraine
- •Word list
- •1) Body
- •2) Head
- •3) Policy
- •4) Subject
- •The Higher Bodies of State Authority of Ukraine
- •The political system of Great Britain
- •Word list
- •Information for you
- •Definitions of the courts
- •Insert prepositions:
- •The system of government
- •Word list
- •The crown
- •The political system of the usa
- •1) Office
- •What is law?
- •Word list
- •1. What is the main function of law?
- •2. What threatens a person who continually breaks the rules?
- •3. What should we do in the absence of law?
- •4. What law can be characterized as a perfect one?
- •Classification of law
- •Comments
- •Word List
- •Unit 8 Courts in Great Britain
- •Judiciary in Great Britain
- •Word list
- •The court system of England and Wales
- •The court system of the usa
- •Word list
- •The organization of the federal courts today
- •The federal and state court systems
- •Unit 10 Legal professions
- •Legal professions in GreatBritain and the usa
- •Word list
- •Sentences judge crimes behaviour murder prisoners magistrate imprisonment jury Crown
- •Solicitors and barristers
- •Attorneys in the usa
- •Part II. Additional reading
- •I. Political system of Great Britain
- •Lawmaking process in Great Britain
- •Lawmaking Process in usa
- •1. In which House does new legislation usually start?
- •2. What is a bill? How does a bill become a law?
- •3. Who has the right of veto?
- •Making New Laws: Bills and Acts
- •The Executive
- •Members of Parliament in Great Britain
- •The Election Timetable
- •Political Parties
- •II. Political system of the usa
- •The American System of Government
- •The Constitution and the Bill of Rights
- •Congress
- •The President and Federal Departments
- •Federal Departments
- •Checks and Balances
- •Federalism: State and Local Governments
- •Political Parties
- •Elections
- •Political Attitudes
- •III. Courts in Great Britain and the usa
- •Courts in England and Wales (Part I)
- •Vocabulary Notes to text
- •Criminal Courts
- •Magistrates' Courts
- •Commentary and Notes
- •Courts in England and Wales (part II)
- •Courts in Scotland
- •Vocabulary Notes to text
- •Courts in Northern Ireland
- •Commentary and Notes to the text
- •Coroner's Courts
- •Vocabulary Notes to the text
- •Appeals
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •Growth of the Profession
- •Us Attorneys
- •The Federal Judiciary
- •VI. Branches of Law
- •Law: what is it?
- •Civil law
- •Civil law (family, contract, intellectual property)
- •VI. Find in the text and decide from the context what the word could mean, then choose the appropriate definition.
- •Criminal law
- •Labour Law
- •Administrative law
- •Employment law
- •Part III. Grammar Exercises Дієслово to be
- •Зворот there is (are, was, were, will be)
- •Дієслово to have
- •Зворот have / has got
- •Insert in each blank the form of pronouns which you consider correct (I-me; we-us; you-you; he-him; she-her; it-it; they-them)
- •Часи групи Continuous
- •The Present Continuous Tense
- •Break time
- •The Future Continuous Tense
- •Часи ГрупиIndefinite
- •The Present Indefinite Tense
- •The Past Indefinite Tense
- •Compare using of Present Indefinite and Past Indefinite.
- •In this exercise you have to read a sentence about the present and then write a sentence about the past.
- •In this exercise you have to write questions. A friend has just come back from holiday and you are asking him about it.
- •The Past Continuous Tense
- •Часи групи Perfect
- •The Present Perfect Tense
- •In this exercise you have to read the situation and then write a suitable sentence. Use the verb given
- •In this exercise you have to write sentences with already.
- •In this exercise you have to make questions with the words given
- •In this exercise you have to read the situation and then finish a sentence.
- •The Past Perfect Tense
- •The Future Perfect Tense
- •Reference List
Vocabulary Notes
1. to plead guilty - заявити про свою винність, визнати за винного
2. point of law – пункт закону
3. to grant leave - надавати (давати) дозвіл
4. Lords of Appeal - судові лорди, лорди-судді
5. Lords of Appeal in Ordinary - члени палати лордів, що призначаються за розглядом апеляцій
6. the Attorney-General - Генеральний атторней (відповідає Генеральному прокурору)
7. consent - згода
8. under а provision - за ухвалою, за положенням
9. an over-lenient sentence - дужем'якийвирок
10. to lay down - встановлювати, формулювати.
Read and translate the text
Growth of the Profession
Today, the number of lawyers in the United States exceeds 675,000. This translates to one lawyer for every 364 people. Twenty-five years ago, there was one lawyer for every 700 people. The rate at which the legal profession is growing will probably continue to outpace rate of population growth through the end of the century.
Why is a career in law so popular? Market forces account for some of the allure. We know that in 1984 the average salary of experienced lawyers was 88,000 dollars. If we could include in this average the salaries of all lawyers, whatever their experience, the figure would probably be much lower, certainly well below the 108,000 dollars average salary of physicians. But lawyers' salaries are still substantially greater than those of many other professionals. Salaries for newly minted lawyers heading for elite New York law films exceeded 71,000 dollars in 1987; some firms offered additional clerkship experience in the federal courts and state supreme courts. The glamour of legal practice strengthens the attraction of its financial rewards.
There are other reasons for the popularity of the legal profession and the unquenchable demand for legal services. Materialism and individualism in American culture encourage dispute. Federalism gives separate legal systems for each state plus the national government. Advertising can now create demand for legal services too. Finally, the principles of separation of powers and of checks and balances make governing difficult and sometimes impossible. When political institutions act, they often are forced to compromise, deferring critical issues to the courts. Pluralist democracy operates when groups are able to press their interests on, and even challenge, the government. The expression of group demands in a culture that encourages lawsuits thrusts on the courts all number of disputes and interests. Is it any wonder that America needs all the lawyers it can train?
Find the English equivalents for the words below in the text:
- перевищувати;
- премія;
- адвокатська практика;
- рівень зростання населення;
- середня заробітна платня;
- досвідчені юристи;
- система заборон і противаг;
- залишити спірне питання на розгляд суду;
- створити попит на що-небудь.
Answer the questions
1. Why is the number of lawyers in the US increasing?
2. What factors create demand for legal services?
Read and translate the text