II. Read and translate the text using the dictionary: Cambridge

The story of the University begins in 1209, when several hundred students and scholars arrived in the little town of Cambridge, after having walked 60 miles from Oxford.

These students were all churchmen and had been studying in Oxford at that city’s well-known schools. It was a hard life at Oxford, for there was constant trouble, even fighting, between the townsfolk and the students. The mayor arrested three other students, who were innocent, and by the order of King John the new University began.

Of course, there were no colleges in those early days and student’s life was very different from what it is now. Students were of all ages and came from anywhere. Those from the same part of the country tended to group themselves together and these groups, called “Nations”, often fought one another.

The students were armed, some even banded together to rob the people of the countryside. Gradually the idea of the College developed and in 1284 Peterhouse, the oldest college in Cambridge was founded.

Life in College was strict: students were forbidden to play games, to sing (except sacred music), to hunt or fish, or even to dance. Books were very scarce and all the lessons were in the Latin language, which students were supposed to speak even among themselves.

In 1440 King Henry VI founded King’s College and other colleges followed. Desiderius ErasmusRoterodamus, the great Dutch scholar, was at one of these, Queens’ College, from 1511 to 1513. Many other great men studied at Cambridge. Amongst them are Bacon, Milton, Cromwell, Newton, Wordsworth, Byron and Tennyson.

III. Make up a plan of the text in the form of questions.

IV. Render the text in a written form.

Text c

I. Mind the following words:

to enrol – бути зарахованим

chapel – каплиця

precious painting – коштовна картина

II. Listen to the text “Oxford – the university town” and try to understand it.

III. True/False statements:

1. Oxford is comparatively new university.

2. The first college was founded 1249.

3. It is quite easy to enter Oxford University.

IV. Answer the following questions:

1. What is Oxford famous for?

2. How many colleges are there in the university?

Unit 14

Topic: Education in the USA

text a

I. Read and remember the following words and word-combinations:

obligation – обов’язок

affair – справа

vocational skill – професійне уміння

compulsory school attendance laws – закони штатів щодо термінів обов’язкового

навчання у школі

high school graduate – той, хто закінчив середню школу (у США)

educational establishment – освітній заклад

student – учень

by far – безумовно

public school – безкоштовна середня школа (у США)

tax – (державний) податок

to charge tuition – назначати плату за навчання

guidelines – рекомендації

secular – світський

parochial school – парафіяльна школа

II. Read and translate the following text: Education in the usa

Americans believe that every citizen has both the right and obligation to become educated. The citizens of a democracy need to be educated, so that they can take part in affairs of a government, both local and national. They must also learn vocational skills.

In order to develop an educated population, all states have compulsory school attendance laws. These laws vary somewhat from one state to another, but generally they require that formal schooling being by age six and continue until at least age sixteen. However, most Americans attend school at least until high school graduation, when they are seventeen or eighteen years old. About 75% of all Americans adults are high school graduates.

The size of the nation’s basic educational establishment is astonishing. From kindergarten through high school, about 46 million students are enrolled in a school. To educate this vast number of students, Americans employ about 2.7 million teachers. By far, this is the largest professional group in the country.

Public and Private Schools

About 88% of American children receive their elementary and high school education in the nation’s public schools. These schools have the following important characteristics in common: