III. Complete the sentences using the text:

1. Ancient education had … features.

2. … were laid in the sense of upbringing.

3. Education in Sparta was … .

4. Athens aspired to … .

5. Children were accompanied to school … .

6. The system of education consisted of … .

7. It was not attached to … .

IV. Put questions to the following sentences and answer them:

1. Ideals in upbringing were heroes from Greek myths and legends.

2. Pupils had to stand hunger, cold and heat.

3. Boys were taught to express their thoughts laconically.

4. The task of education in Athens was a harmonically developed personality.

5. The system of education in ancient Athens was an example for medieval Europe.

V. Find the English equivalents for:

античний, освіта, справедливість, військова майстерність, тілесне покарання, травмувати, інтелектуальний, гармонійно розвинута особистість, прив’язувати (приєднувати), навчальний план, опановувати.

VI. Match the English words with their Ukrainian equivalents:

1) to fail a) соціальний клас

2) leadership b) навчальний план

3) to defend c) зазнати невдачі

4) summary d) особливість, характерна риса

5) slave e) супроводжувати

6) feature f) складатися

7) curriculum g) раб, невільник

8) social class h) захищати

9) to consist i) лідерство

10) to accompany j) резюме, конспект

VII. Translate the sentences:

1. Спартанців навчали висловлюватись лаконічно.

2. Раби-педагоги супроводжували дітей до школи.

3. У Стародавніх Афінах хлопці відвідували школу, а дівчата отримували освіту вдома.

4. Спартанська система освіти іноді принижувала дітей.

5. У Стародавніх Афінах вчителя приділяли увагу не лише фізичному, але й інтелектуальному розвитку дитини.

VIII. Make up sentences with the terms:

ancient education, physically developed soldier, to stand hunger, corporal punishment, harmonically developed personality, curriculum, medieval Europe.

IX. Compare two systems of education.

Text b

I. Read and remember the following words and word-combinations:

citizen – громадянин

to leave – дозволяти; надавати (право)

tuition – плата за навчання

male – чоловік

to move gracefully – граціозно рухатися

to do calisthenics – займатися художньою гімнастикою

to afford – мати змогу; дозволяти собі

wrestling – боротьба

javelin throwing – метання списа

lyre – ліра

at the heart of smth. – в основі чогось

Athenian – афінський

to act out – зображувати; розігрувати

feat – подвиг

Plato – Платон (древнєгрецький філософ)

gentle – благородний

fitted for – придатний для чогось

II. Read and translate the text using the dictionary:

education in Athens

In ancient Athens the purpose of education was to produce citizens trained in the arts, to prepare citizens for both peace and war.

Besides, requiring two years of military training that began at age of eighteen, the state left parents to educate their sons as they wanted.

Schools were private but the tuition was low enough, so that even the poorest citizens could afford to send their children for at least a few years.

Until the age of six or seven, boys were taught at home by their mother or by a male slave. Boys attended elementary school from the time they were about seven years old, until they were thirteen or fourteen. Part of their training was gymnastics. The younger boys learned to move gracefully, to do calisthenics and play ball, and other games. The older boys learned running, jumping, boxing, wrestling, discus and javelin throwing. The boys also learned to play the lyre and sing, to count, to read and write. But it was literature that was at the heart of their schooling.

The national epic poems – Homer’s “Odyssey” and “Iliad”– were a vital part of the Athenian people’s life. As soon as their pupils could write, the teachers dictated passages from Homer for them to write down, memorize and later act out. Teachers and pupils also discussed the feats of the Greek heroes described by Homer.

The education of mind, body and aesthetic sense was, according to Plato, so that the boys “may learn to be more gentle, harmonious, rhythmical and so more, fitted for speech and action”.