II Answer the questions:

1. When did people begin to think about clothing?

2. What were the first clothes made from?

3. What was used to tie pieces of fur?

4. How did ancient people use an animal sinew?

5. How was eyed needle invented?

6. What was the second important invention in ancient sewing?

7. What is spinning?

8. What influences your choice of clothes?

9. Why do people wear heavy clothes in northern countries?

10. What clothes are the best in tropical areas?

11. What role do uniforms play?

12. What accessories do you usually use?

III. Find the English equivalents for:

голка з вушком, ткацький верстат, прясти, волокно, ткацтво, захищати, зміни в погоді, спідниця, штани, ремінь, шарф.

IV. Give definitions to the words and word-combinations:

an awl, a yarn, a needle, basic garments, accessories, uniform.

V. Translate the sentences into English:

1. Перший одяг був напевно виготовлений з тваринних шкір.

2. За допомогою шила стародавні люди пробивали дірки в шкірі.

3. Одяг може захистити від холоду.

4. Деякі люди потребують захисного одягу.

5. Ми можемо змінювати наш вигляд за допомогою шарфів, ременів, сумочок.

6. Багато факторів впливають на ваш вибір одягу: фігура, погода, настрій.

7. Пізніше була винайдена швейна пластина.

8. Ткацтво- це процес виготовлення тканини шляхом переплетення пряжі.

VI. Use the verbs in brackets in the Present Simple Active.

1. People often ( wear) draped garments to protect themselves from the heat.

2. A sewing machine (sew) a stitch, (move) the fabric and (sew) the next stitch.

3. Most evenings she (stay) at home and (do) her hometask.

4. Many factors or qualities (influence) your choice of clothes.

5. What time (do) he finish his work?

6. (meet) with my friends every weekend.

7. They (not go) to the theatre very often.

8. She (not work) on Sunday.

9. He (visit) fashion shows very often.

VII. Open brackets using the Present Simple Passive:

1. A fiber ( twist) to form a strong, tight length of yarn.

2. The process of making yarn (call) spinning.

3. All five natural fibers … still (use) today.

4. Natural fiber can be used to make almost every item of clothing that (wear) today.

5. Almost all clothes (construct) in one of three basic ways: tailored, draped, or composite.

6. Draped garments (create) from an uncut piece of fabric.

7. Cotton … often (combine) with polyester.

TOPIC: Fabric Information. The Sewing Machine.

I. Read and translate the following text:

Natural fabrics are made from plant or animal fibres, spun into yarns: cotton, wool, silk, and linen are the most common. Naturals are often considered the easiest fabric to sew.

Cotton is used by people in almost every country in the world. Cotton threads are even and rather round. The surface of the cotton fabrics has very fine hairs all over it. Cotton fabric is often white, but to make it pretty it is often coloured.

Linen looks like cotton, but it is stronger, firmer and often heavier. The threads are very smooth and round. Linen is cooler to wear and more expensive than cotton. It can be used for clothing such as dresses or men’s coats, but it is more often used for such articles as tablecloths.

Silk is a beautiful fabric. It is soft and shiny. The threads of silk are so fine that it is hard to see each one separately. Silk is expensive. It is cool to wear and looks very beautiful.

Wool is very soft and springy. The surface of the fabrics is covered with very fine hairs. These tiny hairs help to make it so soft and warm. Wool is also much thicker and heavier than cotton, so that it keeps out the cold.

Basically a sewing machine is used to join together some pieces of material or to stitch a decoration onto a fabric. It sews a stitch, moves the fabric and sews the next stitch. There are sewing machines that will sew together items like shoes, tents and sails.

Sewing machine needles come in a variety of styles and sizes. The correct needle choice depends mostly on the fabric you have selected. A larger number means the needle is thicker and that it is appropriate for use with heavier fabrics and heavier threads.

Stitches are made by locking the upper thread with a lower thread, carried on a bobbin. The machine forms stitches by interlocking the bobbin thread with the needle thread. Every time the needle goes down into the fabric, a sharp hook catches the needle thread and wraps the bobbin thread around it