- •Іноземна мова фахового спрямування (англійська мова)
- •Передмова
- •V семестр:
- •VI семестр:
- •VII семестр:
- •VIII семестр:
- •V семестр:
- •Тема 1. The Early Development of Clothes. Your Clothes Package.
- •Тема 2. Fabric Information. The Sewing Machine.
- •II Answer the questions:
- •III. Find the English equivalents for:
- •I. Read and translate the following text:
- •II. Answer the questions:
- •III. Find the English equivalents for:
- •IV. Give definitions to the words:
- •V. Translate the sentences into English:
- •VI. Use the verbs in brackets in the Past Simple Active.
- •VII. Use the verbs in brackets in the Past Simple Passive.
- •VI семестр:
- •Тема 3. Sewing Supplies. Sewing а Seam.
- •Тема 4. Construction Basics. Sewing Garments
- •II. Answer the questions:
- •III. Find the English equivalents for:
- •IV. Give definitions to the words and word-combinations:
- •V. Translate the sentences into English:
- •VI. Use the verbs in brackets in the Present Continuous Active.
- •VII. Use the verbs in brackets in the Present Continuous Passive
- •II. Answer the questions:
- •III. Find the English equivalents for:
- •IV. Give definitions to the words and word-combinations:
- •V. Translate the sentences into English:
- •VI. Use the verbs in brackets in the Past Continuous Active.
- •VII. Use the verbs in brackets in the Past Continuous Passive
- •Viі семестр:
- •Тема 5. Why People Wear Clothes. The Variety of Trousers, Skirts and Blouses.
- •Тема 6. The Building Blocks of Clothes. The Importance of Colour.
- •I. Read and translate the following text:
- •II. Answer the questions:
- •III. Find the English equivalents for:
- •IV. Give definitions to the words:
- •V. Translate the sentences into English:
- •VI. Use the verbs in brackets in the Present Perfect Active.
- •VII. Use the verbs in brackets in the Present Perfect Passive.
- •I. Read and translate the following text:
- •II. Answer the questions:
- •III. Find the English equivalents for:
- •IV. Give definitions to the words:
- •V. Translate the sentences into English:
- •VI. Use the verbs in brackets in the Past Perfect Active.
- •VII. Use the verbs in brackets in the Past Perfect Passive.
- •VIII семестр:
- •Тема 7. Apparel Design. Producing and Assembling the Garments.
- •Тема 8. Apparel industry. Apparel Marketing.
- •I. Read and translate the following text:
- •II. Answer the questions:
- •II. Find the English equivalents for:
- •IV. Give definitions to the words and word-combinations:
- •V. Translate the sentences into English:
- •VI. Complete the sentences. Use the comparative form of adjectives.
- •I. Read and translate the following text:
- •II. Answer the questions:
- •III. Find the English equivalents for:
- •IV. Give definitions to the words:
- •V. Translate the sentences into English:
- •3. I… take an umbrella today. The Sun is shining. A) needn’t b) mustn’t c) can’t
- •Grammar reference Compare Active Simple and Passive Simple
- •Compare Active Continuous and Passive Continuous
- •Compare Active Perfect and Passive Perfect
- •Adjectives
- •Degrees of Comparison of Adjectives
- •Modal verbs
Grammar reference Compare Active Simple and Passive Simple
|
Tense |
Active |
Passive | |||
|
Present |
This factory manufactures natural fabrics. |
V1 |
Natural fabrics are manufactured at this factory. |
am is +V3 are | |
|
Past |
This factory manufactured natural fabrics. |
V2 |
Natural fabrics were manufactured at this factory. |
was were + V3 | |
|
Future |
This factory will manufacture natural fabrics. |
will + V1 |
Natural fabrics will be manufactured at this factory. |
will be + V3 | |
Compare Active Continuous and Passive Continuous
|
Tense |
Active |
Passive | |||
|
Present |
This designer is making a new collection now. |
am is +Ving are |
A new collection is being made by this designer now. |
am is being + V3 are | |
|
Past |
This designer was making a new collection at this time last year. |
was were +Ving |
A new collection was being made by this designer at this time last year. |
was were being +V3 | |
|
Future |
This designer will be making a new collection at this time next year. |
will be +Ving |
- |
- | |
Compare Active Perfect and Passive Perfect
|
Tense |
Active |
Passive | |||
|
Present |
In the thousands of years people have created many different styles. |
have/has + V3 |
Many different styles have been created by people. |
have/has +been+ V3 | |
|
Past |
People had created many different styles by that time. |
had + V3 |
Many different styles had been created by people by that time. |
had +been+V3 | |
|
Future |
People will have created many different styles by the next century. |
Will have + V3 |
Many different styles will have been created by people by the next century. |
will/shall+have+been+ V3 | |
Adjectives
Adjectives
are words that describe nouns or pronouns. They may come before the word they describe (That is an interesting book.) or they may follow the word they describe (That book is interesting). An adjective answers what?
Here are some typical adjective endings :
-able/-ible understandable, incredible -al functional, -ful beautiful, -ic artistic, -ive attractive, -less sleeveless, -ous dangerous
Other adjectives, particularly short ones, do not have special endings:
Good, bad, young, old, big, small
Degrees of Comparison of Adjectives
|
1. large-larger-the largest 2. small-smaller-the smallest 3. great-greater-the greatest
|
Односкладові прикметники утворюють ступені порівняння додаванням до основи прикметника закінчення –er у вищому ступені, -est – у найвищому ступені
|
|
1. hot-hotter-the hottest 2. big-bigger-the biggest
|
Якщо односкладовий прикметник закінчується приголосною з попереднім коротким голосним звуком, то кінцева приголосна перед закінченням -er/-est подвоюється
|
|
1. wealthy-wealthier-the wealthiest 2. early-earlier-the earliest
|
Якщо прикметник закінчується буквою -y з попередньою приголосною, то перед -er/-est -y змінюється на –i
|
|
1. attractive-more attractive-the most attractive 2. spectacular-more spectacular-the most spectacular 3. famous-more famous-the most famous
|
Багатоскладові прикметники утворюють ступені порівняння додаванням до основної форми прикметника слова more (більш) у вищому ступені і the most (найбільший) – у найвищому |
|
1. good-better-the best 2. bad-worse-the worst 3. much/many-more-the most 4. little-less-the least
|
Ступені порівняння цих прикметників утворилися від інших коренів. Виключення |
|
1. old-older/elder-the oldest/the eldest
2. far-farther/further-the farthest/the furthest
|
Форми elder і the eldest вживаються, коли йдеться про членів однієї родини (my elder brother), але, якщо при порівнянні є слово than (ніж), то вживається форма older (he is three years older than his brother). Обидві форми farther і further вживаються, коли говорять про відстань, further, крім того, має ще значення „дальший, наступний”
|
|
1. It’s better to visit London than to watch films about it.
2. The City is much older than the County of London. 3. St. Paul’s Cathedral is still the most spectacular church in Britain.
|
При порівнянні у реченні звичайно вживається сполучник than (ніж)
Для підвищення вищого ступеня вживаються слова much, far (набагато, значно); still (ще) |
|
1. London is as attractive as Kyiv.
2. The East End is not so industrial as the West End.
|
При порівнянні предметів з однаковою мірою якості вживається прикметник в основній формі, який ставиться між as…as Для вираження меншої міри якості прикметник в основній формі ставиться між not so…as |