II. Answer the questions:

1. What is the first stage in dress-making?

2. How is the idea presented?

3. What people are engaged in sketch making?

4. What is sewing illustration?

5. What do sample makers do?

6. How does an assembly line work?

7. What step goes next after inspecting the garment?

8. What do sales representatives perform?

II. Find the English equivalents for:

дизайн одягу, винахідливий, масовий продаж, ескіз одягу, зразок, вдосконалювати, відділ продажу, створювач зразка, скорочувати, оглядати.

IV. Give definitions to the words and word-combinations:

sewing illustration, sketch, assembly line, sample maker, sales representative.

V. Translate the sentences into English:

1. Виробництво одягу починається зі створення його ескізів.

2. Розуміючи основні принципи дизайну, спеціаліст знає, як створювати деталі одягу.

3. Всі деталі зразка дуже ретельно оглядаються і, якщо потрібно, перероблюються.

4. Масове виробництво починається, коли зразки перевірені та вдосконалені.

5. Кожен оператор звичайно виконує одне специфічне завдання.

6. Торгові представники впроваджують новий товар на масовий ринок.

7. Менеджери продукції представляють нову лінію на виробництві та повинні володіти повною інформацією про товари.

VI. Complete the sentences. Use the comparative form of adjectives.

1. It's too cold here. Can we go somewhere ….(warm)?

2. This tea is very weak. I like it a bit ….(strong).

3. I was surprised how easy it was to use the sewing machine. I thought it would be. …(difficult).

4. The costume was surprisingly cheap. I expected it to be ….(expensive).

5. My job is a bit boring sometimes. I'd like to do something ….(interesting).

6. Your sketch isn't very good. I'm sure you can do ….(good).

7. She was feeling tired last night, so she went to bed ….(early) than usual.

8. Can you speak a bit ….(loud).

9. The situation isn't so bad. It could be ….(bad).

VII. Complete the sentences. Use the comparative or superlative form of adjectives.

1. Using colours in certain ways you can make objects look (large) or (small) than they actually are.

2. Usually, one emphasis is (good) than two or three.

3. Double-pointed needles are (old) known knitting needles.

4. Knitted garments are usually (warm) than those made from ordinary woven material.

5. Elasticity is (necessary) requirement for such items as hosiery, underwear, gloves.

6. Linen is known to be (expensive) than cotton.

7. Wool is (thick) and (heavy) than cotton, so that it keeps out the cold.

TOPIC: Apparel industry. Apparel Marketing.

I. Read and translate the following text:

Research is the work done to develop new products. It also involves the ways to make old products better. Development is the process of putting together what has been learned through research. Many different jobs exist in research and development. Most people who work in this area are scientists and engineers.

Industrial engineers plan the fastest and the best ways of doing things, for example, making a pair of blue jeans.

There are many types of scientific jobs that are a part of the apparel industry. One of the more exciting ones is that of a research chemist. Working in the field of textile research they work on developing new products and improving already existing products. New ways to test products are developed. Research chemists spend a lot of time trying to imitate real-life situations. Special tests are set up to find out how a fabric reacts to perspiration and sun bleaching. Fabrics are tested to make sure they are resistant to fire. Tests are made to see how much fabrics will stretch and whether or not they can easily return to their original shapes when stretched. Research chemists work to develop the test and then use the tests on the fabrics. Then they make recommendations to product manager.

Advertising, or communicating with the customer, is the responsibility of the marketing department. Advertising is a way of describing and selling a product to the consumer.

Fashion promotion is another way of telling potential buyers about a product. The goal of fashion promotion is to promote a product to fashion magazines and other publications. Fashion promoters supply photographs of the product and press releases to magazine editors and newspapers or write articles for fashion magazines. They may promote an old product, or they may introduce a new product, fabric, or method of production.

Label development is the final stage. This involves planning what the labels on the product will say and how they will look. They contain important information that may help a buyer finally decide to buy a product. Labels tell how to care for a garment, what its special features are and how it can be expected to wear.

After clothes are being advertised and marketed, clothes manufactures turn their attention to selling and distributing their clothes to the stores.

Apparel sales may be either retail or wholesale. In wholesale sales, clothes manufacturers sell their products to the stores. In retail sales the stores sell products to the consumer or customer. This is the responsibility of sales representatives and buyers.

Sales representatives are expected to visit the sales offices or the manufacturer several times a year for sales meetings where new lines are presented. They learn about the garments – how they are meant to be worn, how they are made, how they can be cared for.