Software

Software, computer programs – instructions that make the hardware do work. The two primary software categories are operating system which control the working of the computer and application software which addresses the multitude of tasks for which people use computers. System software often invisible, chores as maintaining disk files and managing the screen. Application software performs word processing, database management.

Additional categories software contain elements of both. Network software enables groups of computers to communicate.

Addition software shares on pay categories. Freeware is software which is made available without cost by it’s developer. Shareware software is as freeware but usually carries a small fee for program. Vaporware software is software for a using which need pay by it’s developer.

Программное обеспечение

Программное обеспечение, компьютерные программы - команды, которые заставляют аппаратные средства действительно работать. Две первичных программных категории - операционная система, которые управляют работой компьютера и прикладного программного обеспечения, которое адресует множество задач, для которых люди используют компьютеры. Системное программное обеспечение, часто невидимое, хозяйственные работы как поддержание файлов на диске и управления экраном. Прикладное программное обеспечение исполняет обработку текстов, управление базой данных.

Дополнительное программное обеспечение категорий содержит элементы обоих. Сетевое программное обеспечение дает возможность группам компьютеров связаться.

Программное обеспечение добавления совместно использует на категориях платы. Свободно распространяемое обеспечение является программным, который сделан доступным бесплатно, это - разработчик. Программное обеспечение общего пользования - как свободно распространяемое обеспечение, но обычно несет маленькую плату за программу. Программное обеспечение разрекламированного программного обеспечения является программным для использования, которые нуждаются в плате, это - разработчик.

Parts of computer

There are five main types of components: (1) microprocessor, (2) memory chips, (3) input devices, (4) storage devices, (5) output devices.

Microprocessor also known a CPU - central processing unit. CPU consist of thousand transistors, different electronic components wires. There parts are arranged in circuits and built into a chip.

There are two group of circuits: (1) control unit and (2) digital logical unit somtimes called arithmetical - logical unit. Control unit directs and coordinates system. Digital - logical unit made calculations.

Computer used binary numeration system consist of "0" and "1". When circuits off, it correspondent to the binary digital "0", if on - binary digital "1".

Memory chips hold data and processing instruction for use by microprocessor. Like microprocessor memory chips consist of transistors, electronic components and wire.

There are two basic kinds of memory (1) ROM read only memory, (2) RAM random access memory.

ROM chips to hold instructions that computer runs repatedly.

RAM chips is main memory of computer, used by user, and can hold memory as long as power is an.

CPU and ROM are lokated on circuit board, kalled matherboard.

Other components come on MB colled cards. Cards can by plugget thruout slots inside computer, and ports, outside computer.

There are two main input devices (1) mouse (2) keyboard.

Mouse have a function to move cursor , and click on objekt that need.

Keyboard need for typing and input of commands.

Storage davices include HDD, CD(DVD)-ROM, flashrom. It used for data storege, usally.

Output devices printer and monitor. Printer take text and imagens from computer and print them on paiper. Monitor convert information, generatet by computer into visual information.

MICHAEL FARADAY (1791-1667)

Michael Faraday's family was very poor. His father was a blacksmith. At the age of thirteen Michael's schooling ended, and he got a job with a bookseller. The bookseller was also a bookbinder. Michael bound books and read many of them; these books taught him to think. He attended about a dozen lectures in natural philosophy and made his first acquaintance with Newton and other masters of science. He made notes of everything he heard, bound these notebooks himself and kept them all his life. He learned drawing, so that he might illustrate his notes with diagrams.

In 1813 Faraday was accepted as Sir Humphry Davy's assistant. After a few months of work in the laboratory, Sir Davy invited Faraday to go with him in his travels through Europe. Faraday made many acquaintances in the scientific world.

In 1815 he returned to England and worked in the laboratory in the Royal Institution for more than fifty years, that is to the end of his days.

Faraday succeeded in liquefying several gases by combining pressure and cold for the

purpose. He produced several new kinds of optical glasses. His greatest chemical discovery was benzene, which He separated from oil gas, and which since then found world-wide application.

Faraday's attention was turned to the relation between magnetism and electricity. In 1821 he placed a wire carrying an electric,current from a battery round the pole of a magnet. When the wire began to move he,also danced round the revolving circuit, his face shining with joy. Many years will pass before has discovery becomes the basis of the electric motor.

All that scientific world had known about electromagnetism by that time was that if current is run through a copper wire around a piece of iron, the iron becomes a magnet. Faraday asked himself: can electricity be made with the help of a magnet? For a long time he tried different experiments to solve the problem. He first produced a current in a wire by a magnet. In 1831 he showed that an electric current can induce another current in a different circuit. This discovery of the induction of electric currents later became the basis of all modem electrical engineering. Faraday founded the theory of electric and magnetic fields.

Faraday had no forma) education, especially in mathematics. All his conclusions and theories were based on many experiments. He recorded and described in his diary 16,041 experiments he had made. He believed only the fitngs which could be tested, shown and touched.

All his life Faraday remained poor. He believed that a scientist could not serve science for money.

He was a famous scientist but he remained a modest man. Through his love for truth and untiring work He became one of the greatest men of science.