- •Exercise 20 p. 217 Ask questions indicated at the end of the sentences.
- •Exercise 21 p. 217 Use the Present Perfect Continuous tense form in the following sentences, make use of the adverbial modifiers suggested in the brackets (watch the change in meaning).
- •Exercise 23 p. 218 Repeat and expand the following statements, using the Present Perfect Continuous Tense.
- •Exercise 26 p. 218 Open the brackets, using the Perfect Continuous tense forms.
- •Exercise 27 p. 219 Translate the following sentences into English, using the Perfect Continuous tense forms.
- •Exercise 23 p. 167 Supply the missing auxiliary or modal verb.
- •Exercise 45 p. 172 Translate the following sentences into English, using the Passive Voice.
- •Ехercise 46 p. 172 Open the brackets, using correct tense forms (active and passive). Retell the passage in narrative form.
- •Exercise 22 pp. 192-193 Test translation.
- •Exercise 26 p.194 Open the brackets, using the Passive Voice (perfect forms).
- •Exercise 27, p. 194: Use the verbs in the Passive Voice.
- •Exercise 11 p. 237 Give answers to the following questions in the Passive Voice, using the information in brackets.
- •Exercise 12 p. 237 Ask questions indicated in brackets, use the Passive Voice.
- •Exercise 37 p. 257 Open the brackets, using the correct form of the verb.
- •Exercise 38 pp.284-285 Open the brackets, using correct tense forms (active and passive). Retell the passage.
- •Imperative (Requests, Warnings, Instructions, Prohibition)
- •Exercise 32 p. 19 Use Reported Speech.2
- •Exercise 38 p. 41 Use Reported Speech according to the model
- •Exercise 40 p. 42 Use Reported Speech.
- •Exercise 41 p. 95 Use Reported Speech.
- •An Adverbial Modifier of Result
- •Exercise 22 p. 253 Paraphrase the following so as to use the infinitive as an attribute.
- •Exercise 38 p. 117 Translate the following sentences, using a complex object where possible.
- •Exercise 32 p. 282 Open the brackets, using the correct form of the link-verb.
- •Exercise 33 p. 283 Answer the following questions, using the link-verbs given in brackets.
- •Exercise 36 p. 283 Translate the following sentences, using suitable link-verbs.
- •Exercise 20 p. 140 Practise answers to the following questions according to the model.
- •Exercise 21 p. 141 Fill in the blanks with 'can' ('could'), 'must', 'may' ('might'). Make use of the suggestions in brackets.
- •Exercise 38 p.145 Translate the following sentences, using modal verbs or their equivalents.
- •Exercise 21 p. 279 Express advice, disapproval or reproach about the following statements, using “should”:
- •Exercise 22 p. 279 Complete the situations, expressing advice, reproach, regret by using ‘should’, mind the form of the infinitive.
- •Exercise 23 p. 279 Translate the following sentences, using ‘should’, mind the form of the infinitive:
- •Exercise 29 p. 281 Translate the following sentences, using 'should', 'have to’ and 'need’ according to the sense.
- •Exercise 37 p. 284 Fill in the blanks with 'be to', ‘have to’, 'should', 'could’, 'need' with the correct form of the Infinitive given in brackets.
Exercise 22 p. 279 Complete the situations, expressing advice, reproach, regret by using ‘should’, mind the form of the infinitive.
1. I didn’t know it would rain. (take an umbrella) 2. You can’t afford to make such a mistake again. (be careful next time) 3. Her advice was reasonable. (follow) 4. You are very tired. (have a rest) 5. Where is Mary? (be back long ago) 6. It seems that he forgot all about his promise. (remind about it). 7. I didn’t know the museum was such a long way from here. (take a taxi) 8. They lost their way. (not turn to the left; go straight) 9. It’s going to be a long trip (take sth to eat on the train) 10. Where is the doctor? (send for immediately) 11. He often misses lectures and lessons. (attend regularly) 12. She forgot what she wanted to say (not interrupt).
Exercise 23 p. 279 Translate the following sentences, using ‘should’, mind the form of the infinitive:
1. Вам надо было сдавать экзамены со всеми остальными студентами. 2. Мне не следовало упускать случай поговорить с ним об этом деле. 3. Этот вопрос надо поднять на следующем заседании. 4. Не надо портить глаза. Зажги свет. 5. Ему следует держать все вещи в порядке и на своих местах, тогда ему не придется искать каждый пустяк. 6. Вы должны были закончить эту работу давно. Вы уже, по-моему, работаете над этой проблемой год. 7. Он сказал, что ей следует прислушаться к голосу разума. 8. Напрасно вы не предупредили ее об изменении в расписании. 9. Они сказали, что вам следовало приехать хотя бы на день раньше.
Need
Exercise 24 p. 280 Study the following chart:
Meaning |
With a Non-Perfect Infinitive (Present, Future; of past in Reported Speech) |
Absence of necessity |
You needn’t hurry. (There is no need for you to hurry). |
|
He needn’t speak so loud (Everybody can hear him). |
|
She said that I needn’t go there. |
|
|
|
With a Perfect Infinitive (past, or prior to the moment of speech) |
|
You needn’t have come so early. (There was no need for him to come so early, but he did come). She needn’t have translated the article. (But she did translate it). He said that I needn’t have gone there. (But I had gone there). |
Exercise 25 p. 280 Paraphrase the following sentences, using 'need'.
1. It's not necessary for you to leave so early. 2. It is not necessary for you to repeat it so many times. 3. Why are you talking in a whisper? Nobody is sleeping. 4. It wasn't necessary for you to trouble him. They were quite able to do the work without him. 5. Why did you raise this question again? It had been settled. 6. It wasn't necessary for you to buy a new coat this year. 7. She got worried quite unnecessarily. 8. It was a waste of time to talk to him on the subject.
Exercise 26 p. 280 Translate the following sentences into English, using 'need'.
1. Нам не нужно брать такси. Вокзал недалеко отсюда. 2. Ей не нужно было садиться на восьмичасовой поезд. Она стояла всю дорогу. 3. Вам не нужно звонить ей. Она уже пришла. 4. Не удивительно, что вы заблудились. Вам не нужно было переходить железную дорогу. Деревня на этой стороне. 5. Ей незачем напоминать о том, что ей нужно делать. Она сама всё помнит. 6. Вы можете не есть суп, если не хотите. 7. Вам не нужно было давать им никаких обещаний. 8. Он сказал, что ей незачем было волноваться. 9. Он сказал, что мне можно не возвращать книги в понедельник.
Ехercise 27 p. 280 Compare the meaning of 'should' and 'have to'; 'should' and 'must’; 'should' and 'need’. Translate the sentences into Russian.
(A) 1. (i) She has to get up very early. Her office is a long way from here. (ii) She should get up very early, then she won't be late again. 2. (i) She doesn't have to make her son read. He is fond of reading. (ii) She shouldn't make her son read much, his eyes are very weak. 3. (i) It was so noisy in the hall. He had to shout to be heard. (ii) They didn't hear him. He should have shouted to be heard. 4. (i) He didn't have to remind her of her promise. She was as good as her word. (ii) He shouldn't have reminded her of her promise. She was hurt.
(B) 1. (i) You must see the doctor. (ii) You should see the doctor. 2. (i) You mustn't smoke. (ii) You shouldn't smoke. 3. (i) You needn't go to her. You can phone her. (ii) You shouldn't go to her. She is too ill to see anybody. 4. (i) You needn't have warned her about the danger. She knew about it better than anybody else. (ii) You shouldn't have warned her about the danger. You've frightened her.
Exercise 28 p. 281 Insert 'had to', 'didn't have to' or 'should + perfect inf.' or 'shouldn't +perfect inf.' according to the sense.
1. You — (wake) me up. Why did you? You know, I don't have to go to the office today. 2. I — (wake) him up because I was afraid he would be late again. 3. He — (wait) for the next train long and arrived in time for the plane. 4. He — (take) an early train not to miss the plane. He has lost a whole day for nothing. 5. We — (wait) for her, because she never came at all. 6. I — (tell) him about it personally, I wrote him a letter. 7. You — (say) anything, nobody asked you. Now you've ruined our plan. 8. She — (stay) at the hotel until she received the money from home. 9. She — (stay) at the hotel another day. Why did she break the arrangement? 10. They — (argue), they came to an agreement almost at once.