- •1. Lexicology as a branch of linguistics
- •2. Nomination
- •3. Word-meaning. Meaning and motivation
- •4. Change of meaning
- •5. Polysemy
- •6. Word meaning and contex
- •7. Homonymy.
- •8. Semantic groupings of the english lexicon.
- •9. Synonymy and antonymy
- •The law of synonymic attraction.
- •Radiation of synonyms.
- •10. Word-formation
- •Table two types of structural analysis
- •10.5. Productivity and activity of derivational ways and means.
- •Semantic selectivity of derivational means.
- •11. Phraseology
- •1. The semantic criterion.
- •2. The structural criterion.
- •12. Etymological survey of the english wordstock
- •13. Lexicography
- •1. The selection of units for inclusion
- •2. Arrangement of entries
- •Classification of Dictionaries
- •Dictionary Information
- •14. American english
- •15. The communicative aspect of the english lexicon
- •1. Lexicology as a branch of linguistics
- •2. Nomination
- •3. Word-meaning. Meaning and motivation
- •Do you agree with the following statement? Why or why not?
- •4. Change of meaning
- •5. Polysemy
- •6. Word meaning and contex
- •Fill in the diagram types of context.
- •What meanings of these polysemantic words are realized in the given context?
- •7. Homonymy
- •8. Semantic grouping of the english lexicon
- •9. Synonymy and antonymy
- •10. Word-formation
- •11. Phraseology
- •12. Etymological survey of the english wordstock
- •13. Lexicography
- •As well as general vocabulary the dictionary includes
- •List of dictionaries
- •14. American english
- •15. The communicative aspect of the english lexicon
- •B) conversion
- •Alphabetical order
B) conversion
back-formation
affixation
What is the basic unit of morphemic analysis?
morpheme
morph
Ultimate Constituent
Immediate Constituent
The smallest indivisible significant unit is
the morpheme
the word
the letter
the allomorph
“i.e.” is
a graphical shortening
a lexical shortening
an abbreviation
a blend
The superordinate term, the classifier which serves to describe the LSG is called…
a hyponym
a hyperonym
a synonym
a paronym
6) Find a phraseological fusion
to wash one’s dirty linen in public
to bear a grudge
to give one the bird
to shriek like mad
7) Which way of arranging word meanings in the entry doesn’t exist?
historical order
Alphabetical order
empirical order
logical order
8) The word “seal” (a sea animal) and “to seal” (to close tightly) are:
A) lexical homonyms
B) lexico-grammatical homonyms
C) paronyms
D) grammatical homonyms
9) Choose the word for which the others are euphemisms:
goofy
loony
nutty
mad
10) The word “lord” used to mean “master of the house, head of the family”. How has the semantics of the word changed?
.
Set 2
1) All semantic fields have a certain…
order
structure
clear-cut boundary
number of items
What branch of Linguistics studies the nominative function of lexical units?
phraseology
onomasiology
semasiology
morphology
Words belonging to the same part of speech which have a common denominator of meaning make up:
a lexical field
a lexico-semantic group
a lexical set
a semantic field
4) Morphemic analysis is completed, when we get…
Ultimate Constituents
Immediate Constituents
a derived word
a derivational base
5) The antonyms “lucky – unlucky” are…
relational opposites
contraries
incompatible terms
contradictories
Which of the following words belongs to the core of the LSG
A) scarlet
B) red
C) maroon
D) crimson
7) _____________________________________________________________
These different phonetic variants of the French borrowing “boulevard” illustrate:
graphical assimilation
gradual phonetic assimilation
complete phonetic assimilation
D) lexical assimilation
8) Pick out a subordinative compound:
girl-friend
zigzag
queen-bee
wrist-watch
9) Define the nature of the semantic change in the word “camp” (original meaning: ‘the place where troops are lodged in tents’; acquired meaning: ‘temporary quarters, eg. of travellers, nomads, etc.’)
specialization of meaning
generalization of meaning
similarity of meaning (metaphor)
contiguity of meaning (metonymy)
10) The words “” kolkhoz” and “collective farm” are both borrowings from Russian with the same meaning. Still, they appeared in English due to two different processes. What were they?
Set 3
1) The inner facet of the word is…
a linguistic sign
its sound form
its meaning
a concept
Semantically, all morphemes are classified into:
prefixes and suffixes
roots and prefixes
affixes and prefixes
affixes and roots
Food, GM, wholesome, eat, cholesterol. These words make up…
a thematic group
a lexical field
a lexico-semantic group
a semantic field
There are two main criteria for distinguishing between free word-groups and phraseological units. They are:
syntactic and semantic
substitutional and structural
semantic and structural
morphological and semantic
5) Which of the following does not belong to word-formation?
blending
back-clipping
conversion
sound interchange
6) What is the type of the definitions given in the following examples: “despicable – vile, contemptible”; “to experience – to undergo, to suffer”; “hope – expectation, anticipation”?
encyclopedic definition
descriptive definition
cross-reference
synonymous definition
7) The word “timbre” which has a number of meanings in French was borrowed into English as a musical term only. This phenomenon is called
phonetic assimilation
grammatical assimilation
lexical assimilation
graphical assimilation
8) Pick out a fore-clipping:
phone
coke
maths
a.m.
9) What is the semantic relation in the conversion pair “crowd – to crowd”?
agent of the action
instrumental relationship
instance of the action
action characteristic of the object
10) “An observing man claims to have discovered the colour of the wind. He says he went out and found it blew.” On what linguistic phenomenon is the joke based?
LITERATURE
CONTENTS
Lectures
Lexicology as a branch of linguistics 4
Nomination ……………………..…9
Word-meaning. Meaning and motivation ………………………….… 15
Change of meaning ………………20
Polysemy …………………………24
Word meaning and context………. 29
Homonymy ………………………33
Semantic groupings of the English Lexicon ………………………………38
Synonymy and antonymy .….……43
Word formation …………….……52
Phraseology ………………………62
Etymological survey of the English wordstock …………………………….69
Lexicography …………………….79
American English ………………...88
The communicative aspect of the English lexicon ………………………94
QUESTIONS AND TASKS
Lexicology as a branch of linguistics 99
Nomination ………….……………...101
Word-meaning. Meaning and motivation …………………………..… 103
Change of meaning ……………….. 106
Polysemy ……………………….…. 108
Word meaning and context ……….. 110
Homonymy ……………………….. 112
Semantic groupings of the English Lexicon ……………………………..… 115
Synonymy and antonymy …………. 118
Word formation …………………... 121
Phraseology ………………………. 124
Etymological survey of the English wordstock …………………………….. 128
Lexicography ………………………131
American English ………………… 135
The communicative aspect of the English lexicon …………………………………. 138
QUIZ ………………………………… 141