Ex. 6. Translate.

1. Дождь барабанил (drum) по крышам домов, и стекал

стенам грязными потоками. 2. На улице послышался звук'*-^~уа£^

шагов и веселый смех детских голосов. 3. На станции v plans just peace, and forgetfulness, andUquiet slipping away into nothing собралась толпа школьников, ожидавших прибытия поезпа I (D. du Murier) (this last example clearly shows that the meaning of a 4. Глубина реки невелика, „о скоро™ ^^.\^«^™^%£^£Я® э. 1игр - разновидность кошки, но присутствие вряд ли создаст атмосферу покоя и уют присутствие кошки. 6. Можно ли узнать выс

если мы знаем длину его сторон? 7. Нельзя сказать, что после beaUiyPTheyfaded through a door intawarm aarmess; i iu^u этого на его лице появилось выражение безумной радости \ between grotesque reality and frightening dreams. The_arhde_ is.usuallyу 8. Кто изобретатель телефона? 9. Он человек большого ума _п Absent after the preposition'оГ: a look of mild astonishment; a kind of,gu,et

^J ' Ihouahffu/ness, etc. . . _L ...

exceptions ore given below); e.g. The critic who has not practical knowledge of technique is seldom able to say anything on the subject of " value (Steinbeck); A (good) knowledge of English is essential(Close);

_{( me uie 0| lnc}. „ _IUD,_IIIIIV, ..-— ... w

- тигра в доме;, rather than a rigid rule; cf. similar examples without an article: She said вряд ли создаст атмосферу покоя и уюта, как это дечаег•'good-bye'with(cold affability; She laughed with'thrilling scorn; me lasi „P„„ кошки. 6. Можно ли _ys„_aTbLcoW греугольГкГ I Ь?/^=™^^ГХГ^^^

ЬШППНЮ igii mill iviiiuiih*- ■• -i " _. . , _ ;„ „„,.,

• ' i>oc* a/ me with polite reciprocal curiosity; The baby came out in new сказать, что после beauty?They faded through a door into, warm darkness; I tossed hatt-sicK

though!fulness, etc.

Moreover, some abstract nouns are known not to take artf indefinite article even if there is a descriptive attribute. The most undoubted \ words in this group are: weather, news, information, advice, progress, work. ) permission, music, health, fun, luck. But even with these nouns, we cannot be I too categoric, as there do occur uses, rare as fhey are, that violate the rule; cf.: The Bishop told me of the goodwill mission on which he was travelling to Barcelona: 'A very, very valuable work of clearance has been performed' (Б. Waugh).- They win be puzzled by getting from Beethoven not merely a music that they did not expect, but often an orchestral hurlyburly that they may not recognize as well as what they call music at all (B.Shaw) ; My father never allowed the men under him to visit a nature camp unless permission was asked of the' head of the group, a permission only given then to exceptionally trusted people (M.Gilmore). Nevertheless, the uses recommended for practising should be: This is very valuable work; Hike quiet music; What unexpected news!; You need very good health for things like these; It is great fun; I've had a piece of bad luck, etc.

Ex. 8. Comment on the use of articles with abstract

nouns.

made them tranquil for a while, as if to give them a deep memory for the long parting the next day promised. 5. There was an excitement in her voice that men who cared for her found difficult to forget: a singing compulsion, a whispered 'Listen', a promise. 6. We had some trouble in breaking the eggs. It seemed harassing

29 Articles with uncountable nouns

Uncountable nouns may be used with the indefinite article undercertain conditions. For names of material such a condition could be a slrahtchange of meaning, which makes the

to good

■с noun countable, e.g. Gold is a metal (= one of the class of metals); I'll give you a wine that you never tasted (= a kind of wine); Shall I get you an ice(cream)? (= one portion); May I have two sugars in my coffee^ (= two lumps). It is however more important practise the more typical uses like I prefer red (dry) wine; This isn't gc wine; Where can I get good icecream? This isn't very sweet sugar.

Ex. 7. Use the proper article.

We filled our kettle with wolf-traps are made of

1. It is well known that the English can't make ... good coffee. 2. I daresay that it was only ... river water, but we didn't know, so it was all right. We tried ... river water once, later on in the season.

Thames backwater and boiled it. 3. The heavy steel. 4.

_ «у», -т. ... Fat results from the

combination of glycerol and fatty acids. It is ... greasy substance which .s ... organic compound supplying ...body cells with energy ... Fat is usually insoluble in ... water. 5. One third of the Earth's surface is ... land and two thirds is

sea. 6. He landed his

aeroplane on ... water.

The use of the indefinite article

. ²⁸

The use of the indefinite article with an abstract noun does not resu only from the noun becoming countable; it is often a merely formal he use of g descriptive ajtribyte_yvith almost апу"аК(?а"сТ7оТГп

1

-Г \А>«Л t-r

* s

work, so far as George and I could judge.(Jerome) 7. Oh, what fun it is to ride and sing a sleighing song tonight! (Jingle Bells)

Ex. 9. Use the proper article depending on the presence of an attribute with an abstract noun.

1. ... Nature abhors a vacuum. 2. ... nature of... language is social.; 3. This phenomenon is of quite ... different nature. 4. Those eternal! problems! When you don't have any money, your problem isT ...food. When you have...money, it's ... sex. When you have both,; it's ...health. If everything is simply fine, then you are frightened of: ...death. 5. People tell me that... clear conscience makes you very, .happy and contented; but... full stomach does the business quite asR

well (Jerome). 6 history of the cup is evil; ...violence and';;

...blood and ...evil passions have accompanied its possession; ...| evil will perhaps come to you in your turn. 7. I had. lived... lonely, childhood and!., boyhood straitened by... war. U., Yet it was, in ... truth, ... monstrous love such as I had never experienced before, ...| love out of such depths of self as monsters live in. 9. Miss Jenny| was doing all the talking tonight, - (?; behaviour which was not like; Miss Jenny at all. 10. I felt an unpleasantness in the air, ... | harshness that hadn't been there before. 11. There was ... I wholesome bulkiness about his person and his position. 12. You I

. have ... strength of a woman in ... prime of... life. 13. 'I should be glad to think so', he retorted , with... sneer he made no attempt to; disguise. 14. Oh, 1 know you think the young are selfish. So we are, I

' perhaps, but it's Xclean selfishness. 15. She was very slender and!

. her skin had ... transparent fragility. 16. Й. stirring warmth flowed] from her.

Ex. 10. Translate:

1. Знания - сила. 2. У него хорошие знания по истории Англии. З.Не могу сказать, что у меня было безоблачное детство. 4. В чем преимущества образования? 5. Образование, которое дает этот университет, намного шире чем то, которое дают во многих других университетах. 6. Пространство и время это формы существования материи. 7. Сейчас не подходящее время для шуток. 8. Какая у вас короткая память! 9. Память можно улучшить, используя специальные упражнения.

10. Когда у тебя хорошее настроение, жизнь кажется прекрасной. 11. В старые времена существовал ужасный обычай наказывать того, кто принес плохие известия. 12. Какое ужасное невезение! 13. Тебе не на что жаловаться: у тебя есть интересная работа, и ты получаешь большие деньги.

14. Кататься на коньках - огромное удовольствие(гип).

15. Надеюсь, вы в добром здравии. 16. Ты делаешь большиеуспехи: у тебя хорошее произношение и довольно большойзапас слов.

Jhe indefinite article does not appear before an abstract noun if the attribute does not_ describe a quality of the object, i.e. with (eiatjve¹⁴ adjectives [English culture, classical literature, higher education, physical geography, spiritual lite) orja^qr'ee'woro!!)! in absolute darkness, in complete silence, with full understanding, in deep sorrow].

Ex. 11. Comment on the use of articles relying on the presence of descriptive attributes, relative adjectives or degree words (expressed or implied).

1. Maud spoke with an unusual, coldness. 2. She showed no anger now, only complete coldness. 3. You may be quite sure that financial gain is the first thing for which I look. 4. When I left Honor I was in extreme pain. 5. She doesn't keep abreast of current thought. 6. He opened his eyes and said with immense decision: 'Certainly not'. 7. Never before and never since have I known such peace, such a sense ijo^tranquil happiness. 8. It was an extraordinary gift for hope, such a romantic readiness as I have never found in my other person. 9. He has a kind word for everyone, you see; he has such charm. 10. She has got great capacity for love. 11. This was what life was: a monstrous injustice. 12. It needs, indeed, high courage to do these things in cold blood. 13. What thoroughness! What realism! 14. We still hope to find signs of organic life on other planets. 15. Being careful in judgements is a matter{o?)infinite hope. I6.They give you a thorough course(6£Wicient and contemporary history there.

Ex. 12. Use the proper article.

1. He spoke lightly, but with... immense confidence. 2. The

1It had beauty, a melancholy beauty, the beauty of a remote and i incredible world. 2. In England education produces no effect whatsoever (Wilde) 3. I 'd like you to get an education that will give you greater opportunities in business life. 4. The afternoon had

1