Ex. 31. Translate and comment on collective nouns.
1. Семья была против его женитьбы. 2. Моя семья состоит из меня и двух моих сестер. 3. Экипаж корабля сейчас отдыхает на берегу. 4. Вся ли группа с этим согласна? 5. У них новая мебель, вся из дуба. 6. Кого это ищет полиция?- Она расследует убийство главного редактора молодежной газеты. 7. Какие вкусные фрукты! Откуда их привезли? 8. Этот напиток сделан из разных тропических фруктов. 9. Какие у тебя красивые волосы! 10. Зимой скот держат в загоне (stall).
11. Французы - остроумный народ. 12. Русский народ, как имногие другие народы, славится гостеприимством.13. Итальянцы это народ, который любит петь. 14. Нацистскаяпропаганда всегда подчеркивала, что немцы - народ с великимбудущим, особый, избранный (chosen) народ. Богоизбраннымнародом когда-то также считали себя иудеи (Hebrews).Великая американская идея также базируется на особой,миссионерской (missionary) роли народа Америки.
Case
Ex. 1. Change the phrases using the possessive case; comment on the spelling and pronunciation of the ending's.
a) novels of Dickens, poems by Burns, the war of France against Russia, the son of Mr. Fox, the son of Mr. Jones, the sons of the Joneses, the appearance of the hostess;
knowledge of universe expands is due to the development of science. 3. We consume more and more natural resources, which is a threat to the environment. 4. He succeeded in his research as a result of very hard work. 5. The fact that seasons regularly succeed i each other can only be explained by the Earth's movement around j the Sun. 6. We suggest that our expenses should be reduced. 7. It took scientists a long time to solve this problem. 8. He consented to participate very reluctantly. 8. It took the tourists a lot longer to descend the mountain than to ascend it. 10. Your way of perceiving music is quite different from mine. 11. He did so only after I persuaded him. 12. Several accidents occurred as a result of the researchers' carelessness.
Ex. 9. Change the sentences using the initial verb instead of the derived noun.
1. His resolution to help her was so great that nothing would stop him. 2. Expulsion of students from a university is possible if they do not fulfill all the requirements. 3. His evasion of all responsibility clearly indicates that he is not fit for this post. 4. The UN immediately demanded cessation of the armed conflict. 5. The emergence of a new species is often the result of some genetic mutation. 6. The severance of diplomatic relations resulted from a violation of all the agreements. 7. All our demands have arfeared because of the presumption that human life is priceless. 8. There is a severe penalty for seduction of minors. 9. We will not accept any attempts at belittlement of the Nazis' guilt. 10. The attainment of this goal is not an easy task.
Ex. 10. Use nouns instead of the words in bold type following the model: He ordered that this should be stopped -His order was that this should be stopvd.
1.1 suggest that we should start off imrneadiately. 2. The chairman of the meeting moved that the question be included in the agenda. 3. It was amazing how wise his answers were. 4. Who recommended {^youytakmg this medicine^?5. The teacher requested that the assignment be done in writing. 6. I can well understand why he is anxious that all this should be kept secret.
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7. Who proposed that the time-table should be altered? 8. We are very much concerned that the best traditions be carefully preserved. 9. He confirmed that he was determined that justice should triumph in every case. 10. I do not doubt that your reaction to that was quite proper.
Articles
The generic article
When a noun in the singular represents the whole class of objects, it usually takes the definite article: The horse is a domestic animal. The indefinite article is often also possible in this case (A horse is a domestic onima/\, except when ambiguity may arise: The aeroplane was invented by the Wright brothers ('an aeroplane' would mean only one sample of the apparatus); Man is now conquering outer space ('.a man' would rather denote one particular male person, not mankind). With the noun in the plural, the generic meaning is expressed by absence of articles (All men are mortal = people in general).
Ex. 1. Point out the generic uses of the singular andstate where a change of the article is possible:1. The naturalist finds the coyote interesting for other reasons. $2.The coyote is a moral little beast who has only one wife. 3. Thedesert is a good school in which to observe the cleverness ofsurvival. 4. The great novelists came to the rescue when the stagehad fallen into contempt. 5. I wanted no more excursions withprivileged glimpses into the human heart. 6. The abnormal mind isquick to detect and attach itself to this quality when it appears in anormal person. 7. All they that take the sward shall perish with thesward. (Matthew) 8. Ye (=you) know that the Son of man isbetrayed to be crucified, (ib.) 9. A beard is the one thing a womancannot do better than a man. (Steinbeck) 10. It seems to me soshocking to see the precious hours of a man's life being wasted inmere brutish sleep (Jerome) 11. Mrs. Cedar was a rare type of thevicious woman. 12. I have always believed that a love of naturewas essentially a healthy sign in a man.\^xAt- L^ldt^ $£c*~v* biolt*
Ex. 2. Use the proper article, giving variants where possible.
1.... wolf can run faster than... deer. 2.Those were methods hitherto unheard of in... theatre. 3. I was rather literary in college, now I, was going to become again the most limited of all specialists, ... 'well-rounded man'. 4. ... tiger is ... dangerous animal. 5. After primeval ape climbed down from ... tree, its transition into man became inevitable. 6. ... Man resembles /:Tape. 7. You can use ... telephone when communication is urgent. 8. .... Telephone was invented by the American engineer Bell.
Ex. 3. Translate.
1. Привычки человека составляют важную часть его индивидуальности. 2. Что сыграло главную роль э ^зроцессе превращения (transformation) обезьяны в человека.. 3'. Писатель не должен стараться угодить (please) читател|о. Писателю всегда приятно получить письмо от читателя. 4. 20 век - век самолета, космического корабля и атома. 5. На самолете можно облетететь земной шар за несколько часов. 7. Собака -друг и помощник (helpmate) человека. 8. Учитель всегда должен помнить, что перед ним не просто объект обучения, а человек, равный ему во всех отношениях, кроме конкретных знаний. 9. Кто изобрел велосипед? 10. Можно ли сказать, что велосипед очень удобное средство передвижения?