1. Guess the words:

1. to say or think that someone or something did something wrong or is responsible for something bad happening;

2. to tell someone that you will kill or hurt them, or cause problems for them if they do not do what you want;

3. a child whose parents are dead;

4. when you try to do something, especially something difficult;

5. part of a piece of clothing which can be pulled up to cover the top and back of the head;

6. not fearing danger;

7. to give someone the right to do or have something;

8. to refuse to accept or be changed by something;

9. to stop something from happening or someone from doing something;

10. wanting to do something very much and not allowing anyone or any difficulties to stop you;

11. to cause someone who has done something wrong or committed a crime to suffer, by hurting them, forcing them to pay money, sending them to prison, etc.

2. Replace the underlined words with synonyms:

1. He didn’t try to be sociable.

2. The employer has right to ask for references.

3. She's sure to get the job she wants - she's a very decided person.

4. Those responsible for these crimes must be brought to court and disciplined.

5. It's not permitted to smoke here.

6. You'll horrify the baby wearing that mask.

7. We are going to Australia next year.

8. We don’t share his views.

9. She was a brave and fearless climber.

10. Three people have been arrested for providing arms to the terrorists.

3. Agree or disagree:

1. Lincoln blamed the people of the southern states for the war.

2. Lincoln forbade all South's people to play a full part in the nation's life again.

3. Johnson had similar ideas as Lincoln.

4. White southerners were open to all changes.

5. White southerners were glad that their black slaves were given equal rights.

6. All southern states shared attitude that in spite of abolishing the institution of slavery black slaves were not entitled to social or political equality with the white men.

7. After Civil War blacks were still slaves.

8. New «Reconstruction» government was made up of white southerners.

9. Reconstruction governments contained honest men who tried to improve the South.

10. Blacks organized terrorist groups to make black men the masters once more.

11. The largest terrorist group was a public society called the Ku Klux Klan.

12. The members the Ku Klux Klan provided blacks with food, shelter and cloths.

5. Translate into English.

Эндрю Джонсон разделял мнение Линкольна, обвиняя в войне отдельных южных лидеров, которых он намеревался наказать. Джонсон разрешил южанам выбирать собрания и вести свои дела, после того как они дадут присягу верности. Но белые южане противостояли нововведениям, боясь, что их бывшие негры получат одинаковые права. Многие южные запретили неграм голосовать, давать показания в суде против белых, исполнять обязанности присяжного заседателя. К 1870 году во всех южных штатах было сформировано реконструкционное правительство, состоящее в основном из негров и ограниченного числа белых. Новое правительство издало новые законы по обеспечению ухода за сиротами и слепыми, строительству новых железных дорог, школ.

Многие южане пытались не допустить наделение бывших рабов такими же правами, что и белые. Они организовывали тайные общества, целью которых запугать негров. Реконструкция была смелой попыткой достижения расового равенства в США.