Vocabulary

thief newcomer to treat fairly consent to invade to disturb

to pass a law to put policy into practice to get rid to seize nightmare shame

1. Translate the underlined words.

2. Explain the words from the vocabulary.

3. Fill in the gaps:

1. A post office was broken into last night, and the … got away with £120 000.

2. We … of our unwelcome guests by saying we had to go to bed.

3. Please don't … Georgina - she's trying to do her homework.

4. The criminals … ten soldiers to use as hostages.

5. The whole journey was a … - we lost our luggage and we arrived two days late.

6. He said he felt no … for what he had done.

7. The government … to restrict the sale of guns.

8. Concentrations of troops near the border seemed … within the next few days.

9. He … his wife very badly.

10. He claimed that he hadn't been … fairly by his employers.

11. They can't publish your name without your ….

4. Make up 4 questions to the text.

5. True or false? Give an adequate response to each statement.

1. New settlers moved to new lands, because Amerindians presented these lands.

2. In 1787 the new government tried to make sure that settlers treated natives’ fairly.

3. President James Monroe thought that settlers shouldn’t disturb Amerindians and invade their lands.

4. The Indian Removal Act was a way of saving the Amerindians.

5. 1838 was the year of nightmare for the Cherokees.

6. « The Trail of Tears» is remembered by Americans with pride.

6. Translate into English.

После того как Британия вывела войска из Соединенных Штатов и признала их независимым государством, никто не мог помешать американцам колонизировать земли за Аппалачами, создавая там новые фермы и поселения. Индейцы пытались оказывать сопротивление пришельцам, которых они считали ворами, и оборонять земли, которые они населяли сотни лет. Поначалу правительство поддерживало индейцев, говоря, что колонисты должны обращаться с ними должным образом и не заселять их земли без согласия.

В 1830 г. президент Монро заявил, что если индейцы хотят выжить, им следует уходить дальше на запад. Несколько лет спустя вступил в силу Закон о перемещении индейцев. В соответствии с этим законом всех коренных американцев вынуждали переселяться на так называемую Индейскую территорию, чтобы избавиться от них и захватить их земли. Целые племена изгонялись из домов вооруженными солдатами, которые собирали огромные толпы взрослых и детей и гнали их на запад в любую погоду. Идеи Монро правительство стало осуществлять на практике.

7. Points for discussion:

1. Conflicts between colonists and Amerindians.

2. A law of 1787.

3. The Indian Removal Act.

4. The Trail of Tears.

North and south

For a long period of time southern and northern politicians were arguing about whether slavery should be permitted. The argument centered on the Missouri territory. Southerners argued that slave labor should be allowed in Missouri and all the other lands that formed part of the Louisiana Purchase. Northerners objected strongly to this. Eventually the two sides agreed on a compromise. Slavery would be permitted in the Missouri and Arkansas territories but banned in the lands to the west and north of Missouri.

In the next twenty years the United States grew much bigger. In 1846 it divided the Oregon Territory with Britain. In 1848 it took vast areas of the Southwest from Mexico. And there was again the question of slavery. Once again southerners answered « yes» And once again northerners said « no» The relationship between North and South were close to breaking point.

On April 12, 1861, the American Civil War began. Some people found it difficult and painful to decide which side to support. The decision sometimes split families. In both men and material resources the North was much stronger than the South. It had a population of 22 million people. The South had only 9 million people and 3.5 million of them were slaves. So the North not only had more fighting men than the South, it could also keep them better supplied with weapons, clothing , food and everything else they needed. But the South had also some advantages. Many of the best officers in the pre-war army of the United States were southerners. Most important of all, the fact that almost all the war's fighting took place in the South meant that soldiers were defending their own homes. This often made them fight with more spirit than the northerners.

The Civil War gave final answers to two questions that had divided the United States ever since it became an independent nation. It put an end to slaver y. In 1865 this was abolished everywhere in the United States by the 13th Amendment to the Constitution. And it decided finally that the United States was one nation. But the war left bitter memories. The Civil War caused terrible destruction at home. All over the South cities and farms were in ruins. And more Americans died in this war than in any other, before or since.