4 Студенческая жизнь а рубежом
.docx4 Студенческая жизнь а рубежом.
Cambridge is one of the two main universities of England which is located at the Cam River. It was founded at the beginning of the 12th century. The University consists of (состоит из) 24 different colleges including 4 colleges for women. Each college is self-governing (самоуправляется). Each student has a tutor who practically guides him through the whole course of studies. The tutor plans the student's work and once a week the student goes to his tutor to discuss his work with him. The training course lasts 4 years. The academic year is divided into 3 terms. The students study natural and technical sciences, law, history, languages, geography and many other subjects. After three years of study a student may proceed (получить ученую степень) to a Bachelor's degree, and later to the degrees of Master and Doctor.
5. The Russian Federation is one of the biggest countries in the world. It occupies about one seventh of the surface. The total area is about 17 million square kilometers. Russia is situated in the eastern part of Europe and in the northern part of Asia. The country is washed by three oceans and three seas: the Pacific, Arctic, Atlantic oceans and the Black, Baltic, Caspian and other seas. The Russian Federation borders on many countries: Norway, Finland, the Ukraine, Georgia and many others. Russia is rich in beautiful lakes. The world’s deepest lake is Lake Baikal. It is much smaller than the Baltic Sea, but there is much more water in it. The water was so clean that if you looked down you could see the bottom. But now the water is becoming dirty. Russia is very rich in coal, oil, iron ore, natural gas, copper, nickel, and other mineral resources.
6. Moscow is the capital of Russia, it’s political, economic, educational and cultural centre. It was founded nine centuries ago by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky.
Moscow is one of the most beautiful cities of the world. There are many places of interest there. The heart of Moscow is Red Square. It is connected with many important events in Russian history. Such masterpieces of old architecture as the Kremlin and St. Basil’s Cathedral are situated here. The city is famous for many other historical monuments, art galleries, museums and theatres. Moscow is rich in beautiful palaces, ancient churches and old mansions. The capital is the largest industrial centre in Russia
7. Volgodonsk is considered to be the youngest town in the south of Russia. It is situated in the eastern part of the Rostov region, on the left bank of the Tzimlyanskoe Reservoir. Volgodonsk is sometimes called a five-sea port because it is connected by water with five seas – the White and the Baltic in the north, the Caspian in the east and the Azov and the Black sea in the south. Volgodonsk is not only an industrial town, but also a big cultural centre. There are art schools, museums, recreational areas, parks and cinemas here. In summer people from all over Russia come to Volgodonsk to swim in the Don and its numerous tributaries and to have rest in small sanatoriums. Volgodonsk culture is also inseparably connected with the Don Cossacks, their habits and traditions.
9. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the UK) occupies most of the territory of the British Isles. It consists of four main parts which are: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Their capitals are London, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast.
The UK is an island state, it is composed of some 5,500 islands, large and small. The two main islands are Great Britain (in which are England, Wales, and Scotland) to the east and Ireland (in which are Northern Ireland and the Independent Irish Republic) to the west.
The UK is one of the world’s smallest countries (it is twice smaller than France or Spain), with an area of some 244,100 square km. English is not the only language which people use in the UK, English is the official language. But some people speak Gaelic in western Scotland, Welsh – in parts of northern and central Wales.
10. London is the capital of Great Britain, its political, economic and commercial centre. It is one of the largest cities in the world and the largest city in Europe. Its population is about 8million. Once London was a small Roman town of the north bank of the Thames. London is one of the oldest and most interesting cities in the world. Traditionally it is divided into several parts: the City, Westminster, the West End and the East End. The heart of London is the City, its financial and business centre. The East End is poorer than the West End. There are a lot of factories, workshops and docks here. The streets are narrow, the buildings are unimpressive. The East End is densely populated by working class families.
11. The United States of America is the fourth largest country in the world (after Russia, Canada and China). It occupies the southern part of North America and stretches from the Pacific to the Atlantic Ocean. It also includes Alaska in the north and Hawaii in the Pacific Ocean. The total area of the country is about nine and a half million square kilometers. The USA borders on Canada in the north and on Mexico in the south. It also has a sea-boarder with Russia. The USA has 50 states and the District of Columbia, a special federal area where the capital of the country, Washington, is situated. The population of the country is more than 270 million. The USA is a highly developed industrial country. The largest cities are: New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, Philadelphia, Detroit, San-Francisco, Washington, DC and others. The United States is a federal union of 50 states, each of which has its own government.
12. Washington is the capital of the United States of America. It is situated in the District of Columbia. Washington was named after the first US President George Washington. He selected the place for the capital. Washington is one of the most beautiful cities in the United States. In the very centre of the city one can see the huge white dome of the Capitol. There are no skyscrapers in Washington because they would hide the city’s monuments from view. No building in the city may be more than 40 metres tall. There is hardly a square or a garden in Washington where you won’t see any monument or sculpture.
13. Australia is a large country lying between the Indian and Pacific oceans. Australia is an island, like Britain, but unlike Britain it is vast. Australia was discovered by Captain James Cook in 1770. He was sent to discover the huge land that many people believed was south to equator. Canberra is the capital, but it is not the biggest city. Sydney and Melbourne are much larger. Australians love their wildlife. This country is well-known for its rare animals who inhabit only Australian territory. They are kangaroos, platypus, echidna, dingoes, wombats and some others. Australians also love sports. It is one of the few countries in the world that has participated in all the Olympic Games since they were organized, they were held in Australia twice – in Melbourne in 1956 and in Sydney in 2000.
14. Canada is a vast country, bigger than the United States, bigger than the continent of Australia. It is in fact one of the world’s largest countries. The capital is Ottawa; the main cities are Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver. Before white people came to the territory of Canada it was inhabited by native people – Indians. The story of Canada goes back over 400 years. The French were the first settlers to this country. . The two official languages are English and French. Many other languages are spoken: Italian, Chinese, German, Polish and Greek. Canada is a country with a very high standard of living. This country is particularly advanced in the areas of health, education, social protection and human rights.
16. Since ancient times Nature has served man, being the source of his life. For thousands of years people lived in harmony with environment and it seemed to them that natural riches were unlimited. But with the development of civilization man’s interference in nature began to increase.
Every year world industry pollutes the atmosphere with about 1000 million tons of dust and other things. As a result some rare species of animals, birds, fish and plants disappear forever. Many cities suffer from smog.
Large cities with thousands of smoky industrial enterprises appear all over the world today. The by-products of their activity pollute the air we breathe, the water we drink, the land we grow vegetables.
18. We build because we need shelter. We need shelter from sun, rain, wind, and snow. Not much that modern people do takes place outdoors. Our activities mostly take place indoors. For these activities we may need air that is warmer or cooler than the air outdoors. We may also need less light by day and more light by night than is provided by nature. What are the branches modern civil construction has? Among the branches the main ones are housing construction, construction of industrial enterprises, construction of railroads, highways, subways, construction of bridges, dams, ports, canals, construction of different sporting facilities. Among them there are stadiums, aquaparks, swimming pools, sporting complexes, and others. Wbod, timber, brick, stone, concrete, metals, and plastics belong to the most popular building materials used nowadays. They all have their advantages and disadvantages that are taken into account when designing a structure.
1. My name is Kuznetzov Sergey, I am eighteen years old. I was born in Volgodonsk, a town in the Rostov region. The town is rather small, but very clean and nice, so I like it very much. My father is a pharmacist; he works in a big drug store. My mother used to be an English teacher at school, but now she doesn’t work. She is a housewife – there is much work about the house. In June I finished school №11 with honours, that is why I easily entered the university. Now I am a first-year student in Volgodonsk Engineering Technical Institute (VETI NNRU (MEPhI). Infour years I will become an engineer. My teachers say that I’m goal-oriented and practical that is why I can make a good specialist. I will try to do my best to make my parents be proud of me! Besides the university I go in for sport – I really adore swimming. I have been going to the swimming pool for many years and I’m really good at it.
2. The English usually have four meals a day: breakfast, dinner (lunch), tea (five o’clock) and supper (dinner). Some people have dinner at one o’clock and some have dinner in the evening (instead of supper) and the midday meal is then called lunch. The traditional English breakfast is a meal of bacon and eggs, hot buttered toast or bread or rolls, marmalade or jam, tea or coffee. In Scotland and northern parts of England people sometimes have a plate of porridge or cornflakes for breakfast.
The second meal (lunch or dinner) is served at one o’clock. It consists of two courses if it is lunch and three courses if it is dinner. First comes soup (sometimes juice or piece of melon).
The second course is a meat or firsh course. Beefsteak is the most popular meat dish. It is usually accompanied by roast potatoes or potatoes done in their jackets, a second vegetable (probably cabbage or carrots) and Yorkshire pudding.
Then comes a sweet. Apple pie (with hot custard) is a favourite sweet. There are various types of pudding. Lunch is very similar to dinner but it is a lighter meal and as a rule people do not have soup for lunch.
3. In June I passed my GCSE and then entered the Institute. Now I’m a first-year student of Volgodonsk Engineering Technical Institute that is a branch of National Nuclear Research University Moscow Engineering Physics Institute. VETI is the youngest institute in Volgodonsk, in 2010 it opened its doors to the first students. There are 3 departments: Atomic Energy Department, Engineering and Construction Department, Part-time and Correspondence Education The faculty of our institute has seventy-four PhDs, fourteen teachers have Doctor’s degree, so we can be sure that they provide us with essential profound knowledge that we will use in our future career.
The Institute occupies a huge four-stored building just in the centre of the so-called “old town”.