- •Introduction to the Computing……………………………………….5
- •Definitions.……………………………………………………………….45
- •Topics for Essays, Oral or Written Reports……………………….92
- •Introduction to the Computing
- •I.1 translate the following phrases.
- •I.4 Do you agree with the statements below? Correct the wrong ones.
- •I.5 Ask questions to each other.
- •I.6 Ask your fellow students some questions to each sentence.
- •I.9 a) Having read the dialogue above you should decide whether the following statements and suggestions are true or false. Change a false statement to make it true.
- •1. Prefix tables
- •I.10 Practise using underlined words with negative prefixes. Contradict the following statements in the same way as the example. Not all the words you need are in the table above.
- •I.13 construct words or phrases to replace the underlined words.
- •I.18 a) Translate the following into Russian, mind the prefixes.
- •7. Space / time the following units of measure are used to define storage and transmission capacities
- •I.19 match the words with their definitions.
- •*** Key expressions to be used in your own Dialogues
- •I.22 Do you know the difference? Translate the words below the table & put them in.
- •I.23 Do you know these words? Translate them…
- •I.24 decide what the prefixes mean in the following.
- •I.25 Fill in the gaps with the correct prefix from the box.
- •I.26 a) Fill in the table below with the words underneath.
- •I.29 match the beginnings & the endings (there are several definitions for some terms).
- •I.30 Ask each other questions using the above-mentioned terms.
- •This is a computer Prereading Discussion
- •Text 1a Computing & Computers
- •1.2 Read the international words.
- •1.4 Staying their part of speech, translate the groups of words of the same root. Find different ones.
- •1.5 Translate the sentences.
- •1.6 Translate the sentences.
- •1.7 Translate the sentences.
- •1.8 B) match the following underlined phrases with the hints below the line.
- •1.9 Translate the sentences.
- •1.10 Translate the following phrases, mind the attributive groups.
- •1.11 Define the predicate & translate the sentences.
- •1.14 Complete the sentences:
- •Text1b Computer
- •Dialogue1.16 Dramatize the dialogue. Give your opinion about having a computer at home.
- •Vocabulary ratings
- •10-14 Correct: Good 15-17 correct: Excellent 18-20 correct: Exceptional
- •1.17 The statements below were results of the survey comparing boys and girls. Match the beginning with the endings. Girls… Boys…
- •Word Power
- •Text 1Cb) Read & translate the article, render it, & discuss the problem. Computer Studies?
- •1.18 A) find in text 1d underneath the answers to the questions.
- •1.19 Express the main idea of the article above using the following.
- •1.20 Choose the definition to match the given terms.
- •1.21 Match the best term to the given definition.
- •1.24 Fill in the gaps using the words from the box below.
- •1.26 Say if these statements are true or false (correct the false ones).
- •Unit Two
- •Choosing the right meaning
- •Ability n. Способность; умение; 2. Дарования, способности
- •2.2 Translate the words of the same root.
- •2.3 Match the synonyms.
- •2.4 Translate the phrases.
- •2.4 Match the following with the hints below the line.
- •2.7 Translate the following.
- •2.8 Complete the sentences according to the text.
- •Dialogue 2.10 Dramatize the dialogue & make your own ones. Using portable calculators
- •Text 2b Prehistory
- •2.12 A) Translate the following words. B) Give some examples from the dictionary.
- •2.13 Match the antonyms (there may be more then two of them).
- •2.14 A) Match the synonyms (there are more than two of them).
- •2.15 Find the answers to the questions below in text 2c.
- •2.16 Match the beginnings & the endings.
- •2.17 Say if the following statements are true or false. Change the false into the true ones.
- •2.18 Make your own dialogue about the prehistory of mind tools.
- •2.20 Answer the following questions & add your own to make a dialogue according to the text read.
- •2.21 Put in the proper words from the box.
- •2.22 Translate the sentences, mind the underlined words.
- •2.23 Translate into English.
- •How Modern Are You?
- •Add up Your Score and Read the Analysis
- •The Analysis
- •Unit three Computer Generations
- •The evolutionofcomputersinterms ofgenerations.
- •If therewerenocomputerstheyhadtobethoughtout.
- •3.1 Choose the proper term for each definition.
- •3.2 Choose the proper definition for the term, & translate them.
- •3.5 Find antonyms for the following words:
- •3.8 Find Russian equivalents for the given below.
- •3.12 Ask your interlocutors
- •3.13 Match the beginnings with the endings.
- •3.14 Translate the sentences below, mind the underlined words.
- •Dialogue 3.15 Complete the dialogue. Basic units of a computer
- •Dialogue 3.16 Complete the dialogue. Computer generations
- •What does the term the Fifth Generation describe?
- •It describes … .
- •3.17 Define the parts of speech & translate these words.
- •3.18 Translate.
- •3.19 Find Russian equivalents to the following words & phrases.
- •3.20 Translate these sentences.
- •3.21 Translate these sentences, say if the verb to have is: a) notional, b) auxiliary, c) modal, d) a part of a set phrase.
- •3.22 Define the -ed form & translate the sentences.
- •3.26 Translate into English.
- •Computer Systems
- •Handle n. 1. Ручка, рукоять, рукоятка; V.T. 2. Трогать, брать; обращаться, справляться 3. Торговать;
- •Amount n. 1. Сумма; 2. Количество; V.I. 3. Составлять, достигать, быть равным / равносильным; сводиться к;
- •4.3 Put the nouns into the proper column, add their meanings.
- •4.4 Find English equivalents to the following.
- •4.5 Using a dictionary match synonyms (a - b).
- •4.6 Match the following with the hints below the line.
- •4.7 Match each component in column I with its definition.
- •4.7 Complete the table in your exercise books.
- •4.8 Guess or Match the following abbreviations with the phrases and meanings.
- •4.13 Add another word, abbreviation, or part of a word, to complete common 'computer' words and phrases given below.
- •4.14 Complete this text with the words from the box.
- •4.15 Do you remember the English terms for the following?
- •4.16 Make sure you know what these mean in English.
- •4.17 Arrange the following terms around the most general one.
- •4.18 Express the main idea of the article above using the following.
- •4.25 Translate the sentences.
- •4.29 State the function of the infinitive and translate the following.
- •4.31 Translate the following.
I.10 Practise using underlined words with negative prefixes. Contradict the following statements in the same way as the example. Not all the words you need are in the table above.
-
He's an honest man. - I don't agree. I think he's dishonest.
1. I'm sure she's discreet. 2. It is a very efficient device. 3. I always find her responsible. 4. He seems grateful for our help. 5. It's a convincing argument. 6. That's a very relevant point. 7. The child is always obedient. 8. I'm sure they are loyal to the firm. 9. He's a tolerant person. 10. I always find him very sensitive.
i.11 a) Which negative adjective fits each of the following definitions? Choose from the following roots: eatable (edible) / married / literate / partial (corruptible) / employed / replaceable; add the convenient prefix each time: un- in- il- im-:
1) … means not having a husband or wife. 2) … means impossible to eat. 3) … means unable to read or write. 4) … means not having a job. 5) … means fair in giving judgement, not favouring one side. 6) … means unable to be replaced.
b) Which positive adjective fits each of the following Russian words? 1) … means “защищающий «право на жизнь»”. 2) … means “избыточный, излишний”. 3) … means “проправительственный”. 4) … means “реактивный". 5) … means “сверхактивный”. 6) … means “вновь исправленный” (adjusted).
c) Translate the verbs into Russian: depart, decivilize, desilver, delocalize, decompose, denuclearize, dehydrate, demobilize, degas, deflesh, deice, deforest, decode, deplane, detrain, debus, demagnetize, degauss, deenergize, degasify, deelectrify, decontaminate.
d) Express the following in one word using the prefix de- and the given root.
-
to remove the horn - to dehorn - лишить рогов
to remove the frost, to remove the ice, to remove the gas, to change the nature;
to (cause to) descend from a bus, to (cause to) descend from a train, to (cause to) descend from a plane.
i.12 Put in a negative verb from the list: unwrap (unfold) / disprove / disapprove / unload / unveil / unconnected / disagree to fit each of the sentences below. Use the correct form.
-
The runner was disqualified after a blood test.
1. Children (and adults) love … parcels at Christmas time. 2. I almost always find that I … with his opinion. 3. I'm sure he's lying but it's going to be hard to … his story. 4. After a brief speech the Queen … the new statue. 5. It took the removal men an hour to … our things from the van. 6. His phone was … because he didn't pay his last bill. 7. Their project was … by the jury.
I.13 construct words or phrases to replace the underlined words.
-
He’s in favour of the American approach. – He’s pro-American.
The BBC tries to avoid pronouncing foreign words incorrectly. 2. Most people say they have to work too hard but are paid too little. 3. He dated his cheque with a date that was later than the real date. 4. She’s still on good terms with the man who used to be her husband. 5. He made so many mistakes in the letter that he had to write it again. 6. If your computer functions badly, call the specialist. 7. Those who graduated from our University may continue their studies. 8. You dialed the number, but there was no answer, so you should dial it once again later. 9. The society doesn’t approve his behaviour. His behaviour is … . 10. Plastics are relatively new materials protecting from escape of heat or electricity. 11. The importance of microcomputers for modern science cannot be estimated too little. 12. The method proved not to be efficient. 13. Heat the magnet, please to deprive it of magnetism! 14. Remove the energy of the circuit, please.
i.14 a) Give the reverse meaning of the verbs below using the prefix dis-. Translate the words. to obey, to place, to prove, to please, to engage, to join, to connect, to count, to charge
b) Express the following in one word using the prefix dis-: not to agree, not to allow, not to approve, not advantage, not to like; to deprive of arm, to deprive of colour, to deprive of comfort, to deprive of place; to cease to continue, to cease to use, to cease to credit; to show on screen – to -play, to pay – to -burse, to unload – to -charge.
i.15 a) Translate the following using the given roots & the prefix dis-:
a) приводить в беспорядок (order), b) не удовлетворять (satisfy), c) не обращать внимания (regard), d) выводить на экран монитора (play), e) переставлять (place), f) увольнять (charge), g) не соглашаться (agree).
b) Match & state what Russian prefixes correspond to the prefix dis-:
разочаровывать, разоружать, разряжать, обесчестить, обескуражить, извергнуть, обеззараживать, дезорганизовывать, выводить, дезориентировать // to disorient(ate), to disorganize, to disinfect, to display, to disgorge, to discourage, to dishonour, to discharge, to disarm, to disappoint.
|
3. Prefixes of size | |||||||||||||||
|
Prefix fill in the blanks: |
Meaning (русское соответствие) |
Examples (root) Translate: | |||||||||||||
|
-
|
half, partly (пол(у)-) |
semiconductor semi-circle semi-literate semi-skilled / полуавтоматический (automatic), точка с запятой (colon), полуфабрикат (-finished article), дважды в неделю (-weekly) | |||||||||||||
|
equ(i)- [ekwɪ] [i:kwɪ] |
equal (равно-, экви-) |
equidistant equilateral equinox / эквивалент (valent), равносторонний (lateral) | |||||||||||||
|
-
|
small (мини-)
|
minicomputer miniature minimum minicab mini-supercomputer | |||||||||||||
|
micro- [maɪkrəu] |
very small (микро-) |
microcomputer micro-electronics micro-electronics / микроволна (wave), микрофон (phone) | |||||||||||||
|
- 2giga- [gaɪgə] / [gɪgə]/ [ʤɪgə] /[ʤaɪgə] |
large, great (макро-, мега-, гига) |
macroeconomics macrocosm macrocephalic gigantic gigantically | |||||||||||||
|
4. Prefixes of location | |||||||||||||||
|
Prefix fill in the blanks: |
Meaning (русское соответствие) |
Examples (root) translate: | |||||||||||||
|
- intra/o- in- |
between, among (меж(ду)-, интер-, ко-) inside, into (в-) |
interface interactive interpret interview intramural intranuclear intromission / соединение между … (connection), междугородний (city) investment inward | |||||||||||||
|
sup(e)r- ultra- |
over (сверх-, супер-, ультра-) |
supersonic superable superadd supranational super-duper / сверхпроводник (conducter), супер-ЭВМ ultrasonic ultra-violet ultramodern | |||||||||||||
|
- upper- |
above (на-, над-, во-, воз/с-, под-) |
upbringing upgrade uphill up-market upshot uppermost | |||||||||||||
|
down- |
below (под-, по-) |
downgrade downhill downright downright down-market | |||||||||||||
|
- |
across (через-, пере-) |
transmit transfer transact translate transparent | |||||||||||||
|
ex- |
out (из(с)-, вы-) |
exclude extrinsic expropriate | |||||||||||||
|
- |
beyond (вы-, из-, от-, экстра-) |
extraordinary / человек с открытой натурой | |||||||||||||
|
sub-
|
under (под-, суб-) |
subschema subconscious sub-editor subject suburb / подразделение (-unit, division), подземный переход, подземка, метро (way) подстанция (station), субстанция (stance) | |||||||||||||
|
- |
below (под-, ниже-, инфра-) |
infra-red infrastructure | |||||||||||||
|
peri- |
around (пери-, круго-) |
peripheral1 perigee / периметр (meter), перископ | |||||||||||||
1peripheral - Any hardware device connected to a computer, such as a monitor, keyboard, printer, plotter, disk or tape drive, graphics tablet, scanner, joy stick, paddle and mouse.
|
5. Prefixes of time and order | ||||||||||
|
Prefix fill in the blanks: |
Meaning (русское соответствие) |
Examples (root), exceptions translate: | ||||||||
|
ante- pre- |
before (до-, пре-, при-)
|
antecedent ante-room antedate anticipate / допотопный (diluvian) prefix precaution pre-date predecessor predicate / озабоченность (occupation), приготовление (paration). | ||||||||
|
prim(e/o)- [praɪm] |
first (прим-, перво-)
|
primary primitive primitive primeval / первоначальный (al), первоначально (arily), начальная школа (ary school) | ||||||||
|
post- |
after (пост-, после-, по-) |
post-date posthumous postmaster / аспирант (graduate), постскриптум (script), послевоенный (-war). | ||||||||
|
retro-
|
backward (ретро-, ре-) |
retroactive retrocession retrogressive / обратное движение, регресс | ||||||||
|
ex- |
former (экс-, бывший) |
ex-service ex-student / экс-президент (-president) | ||||||||
i.16 Add the proper prefix to each word: со-/a(b)-/un-/de-/in(m/l/r)-/non-/ counter-/super-/dis-/mis-/mal- & translate them: advantage, measurable, resistor, magnetize, dependence, axial, operate, conductor, conductor, energize, operate, complete, stability, balance, literate, reparable, programmable, alcoholic, periodic, normal, body, intelligence, calculate, function, adjusted.
i.17. Answer the following questions. All the answers are in the list below: microwave / multi-national / postgraduate / subway / post-war/ underground / semicircle / ex-president / on auto-pilot / semicolon / antibiotic.
1. What kind of oven cooks things particularly fast? 2. What kind of drug can help somebody with an infection? 3. What kind of company has branches in many countries? 4. How does a passenger aeroplane normally fly? 5. What is a student who is studying for a second degree? 6. What means 'underground railway' in the US and 'underground passage' in the UK? 7. How do they call a former president? 8. What is the period of after war time is called? 9. What shape is half a circle? 10. What is this punctuation mark “;” called?