Задача 1. The importance of advertising and promotion.

Вопрос 1.1. Определите, являетсялиутверждение:

Promotion is a vital element of a business at any time.

• Истинным

• Ложным

• В тексте нет информации

Вопрос 1.2. Определите, являетсялиутверждение:

A company should cut back on advertising when business drops off.

a. Ложным

b. Истинным

c. В тексте нет информации

Вопрос 1.3. Определите, является ли утверждение:

Advertising will increase company’s profit.

• В тексте нет информации

• Ложным

• Истинным

Вопрос 1.4. Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1,2,3,4) соответствует следующая идея:

Any business should always be engaged in promotion.

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Вопрос 1.5. Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1,2,3,4) соответствует следующая идея:

The way the promotion cycle is organized.

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Вопрос 1.6. Ответьтенавопрос

Why should companies never stop promotion?

• It will guarantee them the place in the market.

• It will bring them profit.

• It will help them to become stronger.

• It will help them to fight with competitors.

Вопрос 1.7. Определите основную идею текста.

• Promotion and advertising is an essential element of any business.

• When the economy is shrinking there should be no advertising.

• Promotion has a six-week cycle.

• If you have a good business there is no need to promote it.

Задача 2. What Every Manufacturer Needs: A Market Assessment

Вопрос 2.1. Определите, являетсялиутверждение

Manufacturers must keep up-to-date with the market situation.

• Истинным

• Ложным

• В тексте нет информации

Вопрос 2.2. Определите, являетсялиутверждение

ManufacturersResourceCenter, a business organization created to help small and midsize producers flourish, recommends an independent market assessment.

• Ложным

• Истинным

• В тексте нет информации

Вопрос 2.3. Определите, являетсялиутверждение

The consultants undertake polling in order to provide the manufacturers with the information concerning the customers’ opinions, needs and interests.

• В тексте нет информации

• Ложным

• Истинным

Вопрос 2.4. Укажите, какой части текста (1,2,3,4) соответствует следующая информация:

There should be made an increased emphasis on the importance of the customer and meeting the customer’s needs.

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Вопрос 2.5. Укажите, какой части текста (1,2,3,4) соответствует следующая информация:

MRC is associated with one of the Higher Educational Institutions in Pennsylvania.

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Вопрос 2.6. Ответьтенавопрос

What is the aim of MRC?

• To help the manufacturers to split profits

• To provide the Government with the information on financial affairs of the small and midsize businesses

• To test a new horizontal approach to assessment

• To help the manufacturers discover new opportunities, in new markets, sales distribution, and existing or new product lines

Вопрос 2.7. Определитеосновнуюидеютекста

• In this fast changing world it is not sufficient to produce a product and wait for the customer to come and buy it.

• There are four basic issues of the marketing research

• Every manufacturer must understand the importance of making assessments

• The MRC consultants undertake new projects.

Задача 3. BUILDING A BRAND

Вопрос 3.1. Определите, являетсялиутверждение

If we can immediately define the product according to the logo, slogan or design, then the branding is successful.

• Истинным

• Ложным

• В тексте нет информации

Вопрос 3.2. Определите, являетсялиутверждение

When a brand is widely known it has “brand recognition” and “brand equity”, which is its financial value.

• Истинным

• Ложным

• В тексте нет информации

Вопрос 3.3. Определите, являетсялиутверждение

Packaging is not so important for communicating brand identity if compared with a logo or slogan.

• Истинным

• Ложным

• В тексте нет информации

Вопрос 3.4. Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:

The role of packaging is of great importance when creating a brand name.

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Вопрос 3.5. Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:

There is a great competition between different brands.

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Вопрос 3.6. Ответьтенавопрос:

What is the product usually associated with?

• packaging and advertisement

• quality, reliabilityandperformance

• a manufacturer

• a consumer

Вопрос 3.7. Определитеосновнуюидеютекста:

• Nowadays an illegal trade in pirated copies of branded goods is increasing rapidly.

• Different sorts of branding and the best way to brand.

• Marketing strategy and advertisement of products.

• The most successful brand names.

Задача 4. The magic of the merger

Вопрос 4.1. Определите, являетсялиутверждение:

Changes in the global economic trends are the only factor behind the increase in mergers and acquisitions.

• истинным

• ложным

• в тексте нет информации

Вопрос 4.2. Определите, являетсялиутверждение:

The biggest bank and the largest oil company were created as a result of merger.

• истинным

• ложным

• в тексте нет информации

Вопрос 4.3. Определите, являетсялиутверждение:

The merger of Zeneca and Astra gave birth to a new product.

• истинным

• ложным

• в тексте нет информации

Вопрос 4.4. Укажите, какой части текста(1,2,3,4)

соответствуетследующаяинформация

Global trends have strong effect on mergers and acquisitions.

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Вопрос 4.5. Укажите, какой части текста (1,2,3,4)соответствует следующая информация

The company may merge with another one to increase its product range.

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Вопрос 4.6. Ответьтенавопрос:

What is the potential destabilizing effect of a merger?

• Bad performance of the stock market.

• Decreased competitiveness.

• Economy of scale.

• Problems with corporate and national cultures and redundancies.

Вопрос 4.7. Определитеосновнуюидеютекста

• In most cases mergers and takeovers are initiated by changes inside the company.

• The largest takeovers and mergers of the 20th century.

• Mergers and takeovers are contradictory phenomena with their pros and cons.

• Mergers and takeovers are the result of global economic trends, political change or technological innovation.

Задача 5. Internationalorganizations

Вопрос 5.1. Определите, являетсялиутверждение:

The operations of multinationals always cause great economic positive effects.

• Ложным

• В тексте нет информации

• Истинным

Вопрос 5.2. Определите, являетсялиутверждение:

In addition to being members of world organizations, some countries have joined together regionally to abolish trade restrictions and also barriers on movements of labor and capital.

• В тексте нет информации

• Ложным

• Истинным

Вопрос 5.3. Определите, являетсялиутверждение:

“Multinationals” is a kind of international business organizations which activities are carried out in many countries.

• Истинным

• В тексте нет информации

• Ложным

Вопрос 5.4. Укажите, какой части текста (1,2,3,4) соответствует следующая информация

Unstable and limited international trade was the reason of the International Monetary Fund creation.

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Вопрос 5.5. Укажите, какой части текста (1,2,3,4) соответствует следующая информация

The aim of any multinational is to arrange its production, finance and commercial operations in an international way.

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Вопрос 5.6. Ответьтенавопрос:

What was the object of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) creation?

• to limit the commercial activity of some foreign countries;

• to advise the ways in which the country should develop the agriculture and oil production;

• to achieve international economic stability, international monetary cooperation and stabilization of exchange rates;

• to provide economic independence of countries with a bad history of industrial relations.

Вопрос 5.7. Определитеосновнуюидеютекста:

• The creation of the International Monetary Fund was the necessity after the Second World War.

• The possibilities of borrowing from the IMF by its member countries.

• Multinationals are created to have vast financial resources and are able to achieve the economies of large-scale production.

• The role of multinationals in the economies of the countries and international economic stability.

Задача 6. Demand and Supply

Вопрос 6.1. Определите, являетсялиутверждение:

The law of demand describes the relationship between prices and the quantity of goods and services that would be purchased at each price.

• истинным

• в тексте нет информации

• ложным

Вопрос 6.2. Определите, являетсялиутверждение:

An improvement in technology doesn’t influence the increase of the supplied quantity of goods.

• ложным

• в тексте нет информации

• истинным

Вопрос 6.3. Определите, является ли утверждение:

When prices are above the equilibrium price, there is excess supply reducing the price.

• в тексте нет информации

• ложным

• истинным

Вопрос 6.4. Укажите, какой части текста (1,2,3,4) соответствует следующая информация

Inferior goods are those goods and services bought in smaller amounts as consumer incomes rise.

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Вопрос 6.5. Укажите, какой части текста (1,2,3,4) соответствует следующая информация

The balance between supply and demand.

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Вопрос 6.6. Ответьтенавопрос:

What is a ceiling price?

• The highest possible price for something.

• A price that includes all charges, for example packaging and transportation costs.

• The lowest price a particular product can be sold for.

• The price the product is bought by consumers.

Вопрос 6.7. Определитеосновнуюидеютекста:

• Factors that determine a consumer’s demand.

• Governmental regulation of demand and supply.

• Demand and supply and their interdependence.

• Market regulation of supply and demand

Задача 7. Inflation

Вопрос 7.1. Определите, являетсялиутверждение:

Inflation is a market structure with only a single seller of a commodity or service dealing with a large number of buyers.

• истинным

• в тексте нет информации

• ложным

Вопрос 7.2. Определите, являетсялиутверждение:

Hyperinflation, which entails enormously high rates of inflation, can create almost insurmountable problems for the government, business, consumers and workers.

• ложным

• в текстенетинформации

• истинным

Вопрос 7.3. Определите, являетсялиутверждение:

John Maynard Keynes created a theory according to which low inflation and unemployment rates can be ensured with the help of a tight incomes policy.

• в тексте нет информации

• ложным

• истинным

Вопрос 7.4. Укажите, какой части текста (1,2,3,4) соответствует следующая информация:

The followers of this theory think that government control of money supply can restrict inflation rates.

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Вопрос 7.5. Укажите, какой части текста (1,2,3,4) соответствует следующая информация:

Hyperinflation is a rapid rise in prices when inflation rates are very large.

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Вопрос 7.6. Ответьтенавопрос:

What is the cause of inflation according to the monetary theory?

• A rapid increase in money supply and the excess demand for goods.

• Processes occurring in money circulation.

• A rapid increase in money supply and the excess supply of goods.

• The high rate of unemployment.

Вопрос 7.7. Определитеосновнуюидеютекста:

• The ways to adjust to inflation.

• Different approaches to raise costs of production.

• Inflation and the ways to cope with it.

• The causes of inflation.

Задача 8. Workandeconomics

Вопрос 8.1. Определите, являетсялиданноеутверждение

Nowadays globalization serves mainly the interests of powerful nations and corporations.

• Истинным

• Ложным

• В тексте нет информации

Вопрос 8.2. Определите, являетсялиданноеутверждение

Outsourcing jobs has been a controversial issue in low-income countries.

• Истинным

• Ложным

• В тексте нет информации

Вопрос 8.3. Определите, являетсялиданноеутверждение

Elderly people are the most economically disadvantaged of all groups.

• Истинным

• Ложным

• В текстенетинформации

Вопрос 8.4. Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1,2,3,4) соответствует следующая идея:

Many people work hard and are underpaid for their labour.

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Вопрос 8.5. Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1,2,3,4) соответствует следующая идея:

Globalization introduced new opportunities for both employers and job seekers.

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Вопрос 8.6. Ответьтенавопрос

What is outsourcing?

• hiring lower-paid service workers in foreign countries to do work previously done by higher-paid workers

• hiring higher-paid service workers in foreign countries to do work previously done by lower-paid workers

• hiring blue-collar workers to do the job

• providing physically and economically disadvantaged people with a job

Вопрос 8.7. Определитеосновнуюидеютекста

• It is not ethical to exploit overseas workers

• Women and children are the major sufferers from globalization

• The role of globalization in the world economy

• Globalization creates a more cooperative environment.

Задача 9. Product Life Cycles and Sales Strategy

Вопрос 9.1. Определите, являетсялиутверждение

A good marketing strategy must primarily be concerned with profit information

• Истинным

• В тексте нет информации

• Ложным

Вопрос 9.2. Определите, являетсялиутверждение

The end of a product’s life cycle is marked by a sharp rise in production costs

• Истинным

• В тексте нет информации

• Ложным

Вопрос 9.3. Определите, являетсялиутверждение

There are many managers who need to improve their sales performance

• Истинным

• В тексте нет информации

• Ложным

Вопрос 9.4. Укажите, какой части текста (1,2,3,4) соответствует следующая информация:

The sales approach should change with each phase of the product life cycle.

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Вопрос 9.5. Укажите, какой части текста (1,2,3,4) соответствует следующая информация

Profit levels may fail to correspond to the volume of sales because the full selling costs have not been taken into account

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Вопрос 9.6. Ответьтенавопрос:

What does the writer say about the charts that show sales progress?

• Managers should review policy when a sharp fall in sales is indicated.

• It is vitally important to see where one sales phase finishes and another begins.

• It is difficult to see how sales charts can provide sufficient guidance to managers.

• Managers should get confirmation of the data they observe on the sales charts.

Вопрос 9.7. Определитеосновнуюидеютекста.

• The ability to interpret product’s life cycle correctly can enable managers to develop efficient marketing strategies

• The two main features of the product life cycle are unit sales and unit profit.

• Interpreting product life cycles is the most challenging task of a sales manager.

• A good marketing strategy means taking into account both profit information and sales statistics.

Задача 10. Latin American migrant money

Вопрос 10.1. Определите, являетелиутверждение:

In Mexico, more money comes from migrants who are working abroad than from the oil and tourism industries.

• Ложным

• Истинным

• В тексте нет информации

Вопрос 10.2. Определите, являетелиутверждение:

Migrants might not use banks because they might not have permission to work in a particular country.

• Ложным

• Истинным

• В тексте нет информации

Вопрос 10.3. Определите, являетелиутверждение:

Due to the illegal status immigrants have to send money via mail orders.

• Ложным

• Истинным

• В тексте нет информации

Вопрос 10.4. Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1,2,3,4) соответствует идея:

Many local economies fail to create enough work for their population.

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Вопрос 10.5. Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1,2,3,4) соответствует идея:

It is easy for the governments to identify and use the money that people send home.

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Вопрос 10.6. Ответьтенавопрос:

How do American authorities tackle the situation?

• They undertake legal actions.

• They try to track the source of funds.

• They help the region to struggle against poverty.

• They force banks to make reports.

Вопрос 10.7. Определите основную идею текста.

• Money coming from migrants is one of the sources to replenish the state treasury.

• The amount of foreign investment and aid coming into Latin America has to be increased.

• Illegal immigration is not only a political issue any more.

• It is poverty in Mexico that makes people break the law.

Задача 11. Oil and the Economy

Some of the largest economic fluctuations in the U.S. economy have originatedin the oil fields of the Middle East. Crude oil is a key input into the production ofmany goods and services, and much of the world's oil comes from Saudi Arabia,Kuwait, and other Middle Eastern countries. When some event (usually political inorigin) reduces the supply of crude oil flowing from this region, the price of oil risesaround the world. U.S. Firms that produce gasoline, tires, and many other productsexperience rising costs.

The first episode of this sort occurred in the mid-1970s. The countries withlarge oil reserves got together as members of OPEC, the Organization of Petroleum

Exporting Countries. OPEC was a cartel—a group of sellers that attempts to prevent competition and reduce production in order to raise prices. And, indeed, oil pricesrose substantially. From 1973 to 1975, oil approximately doubled in price.Oilimportingcountries around the world experienced simultaneous inflation andrecession. In the United States, the inflation rate exceeded 10 percent for the firsttime in decades. Unemployment rose from 4.9 percent in 1973 to 8.5 percent in 1975.

Almost the same thing happened again a few years later. In the late 1970s, the

OPEC countries again restricted the supply of oil in order to raise the price. From1978 to 1981, the price of oil more than doubled. Once again, the result wasstagflation. Inflation, which had subsided somewhat after the first OPEC event, againrose above 10 percent per year. Unemployment rose from about 6 percent in 1978and 1979 to about 10 percent a few years later.

The world market for oil can also be a source of favorable shifts in aggregatesupply. In 1986 the disagreement took place among members of OPEC. Member countriesrefused to restrict oil production. In the world market for crudeoil, prices fell by about half. This fall in oil prices reduced costs to U.S. firms. As a result, the U.S. economyexperienced the opposite of stagflation: output grew rapidly, unemployment fell, andthe inflation rate reached its lowest level in many years.