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UNIT 6. LESSON 1

БЕССОЮЗНЫЕ ПРИДАТОЧНЫЕ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ

присоединяющие придаточные предложения к главному. Это:

1)придаточные дополнительные предложения, отвечающие на вопрос "что?", при переводе появляется союз 'что':

He says [that] he knows Peter well. Он говорит, что хорошо знает Питера.

2)придаточные определительные предложения, отвечающие на вопрос "какой?", при переводе появляется союзное слово 'который':

Here is the pen [that] you gave me. Вот ручка, которую ты мне дал.

Послелог при переводе ставится перед союзным словом (см. с.200):

The project [which] we are speaking about was excellent.

Проект, о котором мы говорим, был отличным.

Exercise 1. Переведите бессоюзные дополнительные предложения.

1. We know this scientist lives in New York. 2. The teacher saw the student had solved the problem successfully. 3. We heard these new machines were employed in this plant. 4. My friend knew he would work at the research institute. 5. They think we made this work two years ago.

Exercise 2. Переведите бессоюзные определительные предложения.

1. The experiment he made yesterday is very important. 2. The article he has written for our journal is very interesting. 3. The woman you saw on Sunday is a programmer. 4. The building the workers started to construct last year is ready now. 5. The station the train has just passed by is a big railway junction.

Exercise 3. Переведите определительные предложения с послелогами.

1. The man I told you about has left the room. 2. The room we live in is very light. 3. The woman we spoke with teaches physics. 4. The laboratory we work in has many devices. 5. The man you asked me about is our dean.

Exercise 4. Определите тип придаточного предложения и переведите.

1. Everybody knows Lomonosov was the founder of the Academy of Sciences. 2. I think we'll go to the country on Sunday. 3. The man you see in the room is my friend. 4. We know Lomonosov's ideas are being accomplished now. 5. The weight of an atom is the number of protons and neutrons it contains. 6. Here is the picture you saw in the

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gallery. 7. The phenomenon Roentgen discovered is widely used in medicine. 8. Einstein gave quite a new idea of the world we live in. 9. The problem we are dealing with is important. 10. The problem we have spent much time on is not easily solved.

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (УСЛОВНЫЕ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ)

Придаточные условные предложения присоединяются к главному союзамиif, provided (если), unless (если не), on condition (that) (при условии, что), in case (that)

(в случае если).

Условные придаточные предложения бывают трех типов:

1.Реальные условия, относящиеся к настоящему, прошедшему и будущему. If I have time, I help her in her work. (Present)

Если у меня есть время, я помогаю ей в работе. If I had time, I helped her in her work. (Past)

Если у меня было время, я помогал ей в работе. If I have* time, I shall help her in her work. (Future)

If the plans had been devised (last year), the project would have been completed.

Если бы планы были разработаны в прошлом году, то проект был бы закончен. (Планы не были разработаны, поэтому проект не был закончен.)

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ИНВЕРСИЯ В УСЛОВНОМ ПРИДАТОЧНОМ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИИ

В условных придаточных предложениях 2-го и 3-го типа союзы if, provided могут быть опущены, в этом случае в придаточном предложении вспомогательный глагол (had, were , ...) ставится перед подлежащим.

Were I free, I should help you.

Если бы я был свободен, я бы помог вам.

Had I had a good dictionary, I could have translated the text.

Если бы у меня был хороший словарь, я мог бы перевести текст.

Exercise 5. Выберите соответствующее сказуемое.

1. If you (compare, compared) these two forces, you will see that the difference is great. 2. If you (study, had studied) this subject, you will get a good mark. 3. If we (had, had had) enough time, we should have repeated our experiment yesterday. 4. There would have been no difficulties provided this problem (had been considered, was considered) at our last lecture. 5. If she (was, were) at home, she would write a letter. 6. If you went there by sea, you (will see, would see) many interesting things. 7. If it (will rain, rains) on Sunday, I'll stay at home.

Exercise 6. Скажите, какие предложения следует перевести с частицей "бы".

1. Were they here yesterday? 2. Were he here, he would help us. 3. Had he known this formula, he would have solved the equation. 4. Had he graduated from the University by that time? 5. Had she had dinner when you came home? 6. Had they determined this substance before the reaction, the results would have been quite different. 7. Were it warm today, we should go to the country. 8. Were these problems defined? 9. Were I there I should speak to him. 10. I should go to the country if the weather were fine.

Exercise 7. Переведите, обращая внимание на were.

1. Were he here, I should talk to him. 2. Necessary results were obtained very quickly. 3. They were to meet at 7 o'clock. 4. If he were a good student, he would pass all the exams successfully. 5. These students were here in the morning. 6. Unless there were any mistakes in his dictation, he would have an excellent mark.

Exercise 8. Переведите, определив тип придаточного предложения.

1. We won't go out unless it stops raining. 2. If you press the button, the device will start working. 3. The design would be ready by the end of the year provided they supplied us with all necessary equipment. 4. If you helped me, I should repair the engine. 5. If we go at such a speed all the time, we'll arrive at the village before night. 6.

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The canal would not have been opened in time unless the builders had worked hard. 7. If the students had been more careful, they would not have broken the new apparatus. 8. They would be able to carry out their experiment provided they received all the necessary equipment. 9. Provided I can get a good dictionary, I'll translate this article. 10. If you go to the library, you will find there all the books you need.

СУФФИКСЫ ГЛАГОЛА

основа сущ., прил. + -ise/-ize = гл.: magnet - to magnetize (намагничивать) economize, characterize, patronize, agonize, analyze, minimize, compromize,

nationalize, generalize, criticize, idealize

основа сущ., прил. + -(i)fy = гл.: electric - to electrify (электрифицировать) purify, modify, notify, satisfy, solidify, falsify, glorify, personify, gasify, clarify

основа сущ., прил. + -ate = гл.: local - to locate (определять место)

dictate, regulate, illustrate, illuminate, operate, dominate, translate, discriminate,

darken, soften, harden, brighten, weaken, quicken, sharpen, whiten, shorten, widen

МНОГОЗНАЧНОСТЬ only, very, like, some, same only - 1) только, лишь; 2) единственный

very - 1) очень; 2) этот самый, именно этот same - 1) один и тот же; 2) тот же самый

some - 1) несколько; 2) около, почти; 3) какой-то; 4) некоторый

like - 1) так же как и; 2) нравиться; 3) похожий; 4) look like - выглядеть; 5) unlike - в отличие от

Exercise 9. Переведите предложения.

1. It's the only way to solve the problem. 2. Only you can help me. 3. I'm very glad to see you. 4. I live in this very house. 5. The same person can make a cup of tea and design a new robot. 6. They used the same method as we did. 7. I made some mistakes in the test. 8. Some 50 people work at this research laboratory. 9. I saw some book on the table. 10. Let's have some tea. 11. I like tea and I don't like coffee. 12. Robots like computers are the achievement of modern science. 13. He looks like his father. 14. They had the like voices. 15. Unlike me, he is a student.

meet, achieve, conceive, seal; bread, health; class, vast, mask, rasp, calf, palm, grant, heart, ranch, shaft, glance, father; quality, watch; course, law, floor, warf, quartz, taught, thought, ball, wall; look, room, good, woman, wolf, would, could, should; rule, threw, fruit; wonder, cousin, ton, flood; earn, heard, earth, word; few, suitable

МЕСТОИМЕНИЯ НЕОПРЕДЕЛЕННЫЕ one, all, each, both, other, another ВЗАИМНЫЕ each other, one another

Exercise 10. Переведите предложения.

1. One must do it. 2. Here one can find all one needs. 3. All of you should study English. 4. Each term students take tests and exams. 5. Each of the sisters had a family. 6. Both professors were working at the same problem. 7. Both of you can speak English. 8. We created robots, not the other way round. 9. I study physics, maths and other subjects. 10. There are two printers here, one is new, and another is a bit older. 11. We know each other very well. 12. They were asking one another about their families the whole evening.