смод
.pdfɉɪɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ H2(t) ɛɭɞɟɬ
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ɪɚɜɧɨ Hmin2 (t) = B[(t,t) - |
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h*(t,u)h*(t,v) Bx(u,v)dudv ɢɥɢ, ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ (14.2), |
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ɛɭɞɟɬ ɪɚɜɧɚ |
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h*(t,u)Bx(t,u)du. ɋɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɹ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥ ɜ ɩɪɚɜɨɣ |
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ɱɚɫɬɢ ɷɬɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɵ ɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ (14.2), ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ L2 |
(t) ɩɟɪɟɩɢ- |
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ɫɚɬɶ ɬɚɤ: H2 |
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(t), ɬ.ɟ. ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɚ |
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ɨɲɢɛɤɢ ɪɚɜɧɨ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɯ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɨɜ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɵɯ ɋɉ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ (14.2) ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɤ ɜɢɞɭ
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Bx[(W)= ³h * (y)Bx (W - y . ɗɬɨ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟɦ
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ȼɢɧɟɪɚ - ɏɨɩɮɚ. ȿɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɢɫɤɨɦɭɸ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɭɸ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɭ. Ɍɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ȼɢɧɟɪɚ - ɏɨɩɮɚ ɟɫɬɶ ɫɜɟɪɬɤɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɣ ɨɫɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ Ɏɭɪɶɟ ɨɬ ɫɜɟɪɬɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ, ɬɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɚɩɢɫɚɬɶ:
Fx[(Z)=F[(Z)+F[K(Z)=k*(jZ)Fx(Z),
ɨɬɤɭɞɚ k*(jZ)=[F[(Z)+F[K(Z)]/Fx(Z). ɉɨɞɫɬɚɜɢɦ ɷɬɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɭ ɞɥɹ Hmin2 , ɧɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɭɸ ɜ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, ɩɨɥɭɱɢɦ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɵɯ ɋɉ Hmin2 =(2
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S)-1 ³ [F[(Z)Fx(Z)-|Fx[(Z)|2]/Fx(Z)dZ. ȿɫɥɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ [(t) ɢ K(t) ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵ, ɬɨ
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F[K(Z) = FK[(Z) = 0 ɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ k*(jZ) ɭɩɪɨɳɚɟɬɫɹ: k*(jZ)=F[(Z)/[F[(Z)+FK(Z)].
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Ɍɨɝɞɚ Hmin2 =(2S)-1 ³ {F[(Z)FK(Z)/[F[(Z)+FK(Z)]}dZ. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ
0
ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɨɲɢɛɤɚ ɪɚɜɧɚ ɧɭɥɸ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɵ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ [(t) ɢ K(t) ɧɟ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ, ɬ.ɟ. ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɦ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɦ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɜ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɢ ɩɨɦɟɯɢ.
Ⱦɪɭɝɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɯ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɢɧɬɟɡ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ. ɗɬɚ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɭɪɫɟ "Ɋɚɞɢɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɰɟɩɢ ɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɵ".
15. ɗɅȿɆȿɇɌɕ ɌȿɈɊɂɂ ɄɅȺɋɋɂɎɂɄȺɐɂɂ
15.1. ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ
ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ. ɋɦɵɫɥ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɢɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɤ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɤɥɚɫɫɭ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ, ɨɛɳɢɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚɦɢ. Ʉ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚɦ, ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɜ ɤɥɚɫɫɵ, ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɵɦɢ, ɡɚɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɦɚɥɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɢɯ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɧɚ ɞɟɪɟɜɨɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɮɚɛɪɢɤɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɜɟɣɟɪɟ, ɝɞɟ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ ɢɡ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɢɞɭɬ ɫɩɥɨɲɧɵɦ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɦ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɬɟɥɟɤɚɦɟɪɵ, ɩɨ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɦɭ ɜɢɞɭ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɬɶ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɭ ɩɨ ɩɨɪɨɞɟ ɞɟɪɟɜɚ. Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɩɵɬɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɬɶ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɭ ɛɟɪɟɡɵ ɢ ɹɫɟɧɹ ɩɨ ɹɪɤɨɫɬɢ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɷɤɪɚɧɟ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɚ. ɉɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ, ɱɬɨ ɨɤɪɚɫɤɚ ɛɟɪɟɡɵ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɫɜɟɬɥɟɟ, ɱɟɦ ɹɫɟɧɹ. ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɹɪɤɨɫɬɶ ɨɬɬɟɧɤɚ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɦ, ɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɩɵɬɚɬɶɫɹ ɪɚɫɩɨɡɧɚɬɶ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɭ ɩɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɹɪɤɨɫɬɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɬɶɫɹ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ, ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɬ ɟɟ ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɹɪɤɨɫɬɶ x ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ x*. Ⱦɥɹ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ x ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɡɹɬɶ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɨɫɨɤ ɢɥɢ ɛɪɭɫɨɜ ɬɨɣ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɩɨɪɨɞɵ ɞɟɪɟɜɶɟɜ, ɢɡɦɟɪɢɬɶ ɢɯ ɹɪɤɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ. Ⱦɨɩɭɫɬɢɦ, ɬɚɤɚɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɝɢɫɬɨɝɪɚɦɦ, ɧɚ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɫɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɨ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɤɭɫɤɨɜ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɝɢɫɬɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ, ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɛɟɪɟɡɚ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɫɜɟɬɥɟɟ ɹɫɟɧɹ, ɧɨ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɬɟɦ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɨɞɢɧ ɷɬɨɬ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɣ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɧɚɞɟɠɟɧ. ȼɧɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ x ɨɬɥɢɱɢɬɶ ɛɟɪɟɡɭ ɨɬ ɹɫɟɧɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨ ɹɪɤɨɫɬɢ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ.
ɉɪɢ ɩɨɢɫɤɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɩɵɬɚɬɶɫɹ ɜɨɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɨɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ, ɱɬɨ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɚ ɹɫɟɧɹ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɵ. ɏɨɬɹ ɢɡɦɟɪɢɬɶ ɷɬɨɬ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɬɪɭɞɧɟɟ, ɱɟɦ ɫɪɟɞɧɸɸ ɹɪɤɨɫɬɶ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɥɨɤɨɧ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɩɨ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɟ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɟ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢz ɧɚ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɜ ɨɬ ɬɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɤ ɫɜɟɬɥɨɦɭ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɬɟɩɟɪɶ ɢɦɟɟɦ ɞɜɚ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɧɢɹ - ɹɪɤɨɫɬɶ z ɢ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɥɨɤɨɧ x*.
Ɂɚɞɚɱɚ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɩɟɪɶ ɜ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɞɜɟ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, ɜɫɟ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɛɟɪɟɡɟ, ɚ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ - ɹɫɟɧɸ. Ⱦɨɩɭɫɬɢɦ, ɱɬɨ ɦɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɥɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɪɚɡɛɪɨɫ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɬɨɱɟɤ. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦɭ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɭ ɪɚɫɩɨɡɧɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ: ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɞɚɧɧɚɹ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɚ ɟɫɬɶ ɹɫɟɧɶ, ɟɫɥɢ ɜɟɤɬɨɪ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɩɨɩɚɞɟɬ ɜɵɲɟ ɩɪɹɦɨɣ, ɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɤɥɚɫɫɵ, ɜ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɷɬɨ ɛɟɪɟɡɚ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɦ ɤ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɸ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɢ, ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɱɟɦ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɢɫɤ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɫɞɟɥɚɟɬ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ.
ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɡɚɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɚ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɚɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ. ɉɪɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɩɪɢɞɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɬ
ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪɚ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɡɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ.
15.2. Ɇɨɞɟɥɶ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ
Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɚɛɫɬɪɚɤɬɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜ - ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ. Ɇɨɞɟɥɶ ɷɬɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɞɜɭɯ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ - ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ, ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɢ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪɚ. Ⱦɚɬɱɢɤ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɵɜɚɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɤ ɜɢɞɭ, ɭɞɨɛɧɨɦɭ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɲɢɧɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ. ȼɵɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ (ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɪɨɦ, ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɦ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ, ɞɟɬɟɤɬɨɪɨɦ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɟɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɨɦ) ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɢɡ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɭɸɫɹ ɤ ɞɟɥɭ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ. Ʉɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɷɬɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɤ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɣ.
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɢɡ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɫ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɢ ɢɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ. ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɡɚɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɩɪɨɳɚɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪɚ, ɬɨɝɞɚ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪɚ ɧɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ. Ɋɚɡɥɢɱɢɟ ɷɬɨ ɞɟɥɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɧɟɠɟɥɢ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ.
ȼɨɨɛɳɟ ɝɨɜɨɪɹ, ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ. ɏɨɪɨɲɢɣ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ, ɩɪɢɧɟɫɟɬ, ɩɨ-ɜɢɞɢɦɨɦɭ, ɦɚɥɭɸ ɩɨɥɶɡɭ ɩɪɢ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢ ɨɬɩɟɱɚɬɤɨɜ ɩɚɥɶɰɟɜ ɜ ɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɥɢɫɬɢɤɟ ɢɥɢ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɜ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɟ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɢɟɦɨɜ ɛɵɥɨ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɨ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢɡ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ.
Ɂɚɞɚɱɚ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɭ ɪɚɡɛɢɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, ɩɨ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ. Ɋɚɡɛɢɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɨ, ɜɨɨɛɳɟ ɝɨɜɨɪɹ, ɧɚɞɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɬɚɤ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɨɲɢɛɨɱɧɵɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ. ȿɫɥɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ, ɬɨ ɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɶ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ, ɢɥɢ ɟɫɥɢ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɭɸ ɰɟɧɭ, ɬɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɧɸɸ ɰɟɧɭ (ɢɥɢ ɩɨɬɟɪɢ) ɨɲɢɛɤɢ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɡɚɞɚɱɭ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ.
15.3. Ʉɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ "ɫ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɦ"
Ɉɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜ ɤ ɡɚɞɚɱɟ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɧɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɢɯ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɨ ɜɵɛɨɪɤɚɦ ɢ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ. Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɚɩɪɢɨɪɧɵɯ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜ ɬɢɩɢɱɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱɚɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɢ. ɂɧɚɱɟ ɞɟɥɨ ɨɛɫɬɨɢɬ ɫ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɭ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ. ɉɪɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɢɹ ɦɵ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɢɦɟɸɳɟɟɫɹ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɵɛɨɪɨɤ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɦɚɥɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɢɯ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ, ɚ ɟɫɥɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ X ɜɟɥɢɤɚ, ɬɨ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɭɫɥɨɠɧɹɟɬɫɹ. Ɍɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɶ, ɟɫɥɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɚ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɯ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɡɚɞɚɱɟ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɟɫɬɶ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɫɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ P ɢ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɟɣ 6, ɯɨɬɹ ɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɧɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵ. ɗɬɨ ɭɩɪɨɳɚɟɬ ɡɚɞɚɱɭ, ɫɜɨɞɹ ɟɟ, ɜɦɟɫɬɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɤ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ P ɢ 6.
Ɂɚɞɚɱɚ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɫɬɚɜɢɬɫɹ ɢ ɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɱɧɨ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ ɢ ɩɨ ɬɟɦ ɠɟ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹɦ, ɱɬɨ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ. Ɍɚɤ ɠɟ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɝɢɩɨɬɟɡɵ ɢ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɵ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ. Ⱦɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɬɟ ɠɟ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ: Ȼɚɣɟɫɚ, ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɇɟɣɦɚɧɚ - ɉɢɪɫɨɧɚ. ɉɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹ Ȼɚɣɟɫɚ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɨɬ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦɵɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ, ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɚɩɪɢɨɪɧɵɟ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɯ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɟ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɟ ɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɨɬ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦɵɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ. Ⱥ ɫɚɦɨ ɪɟɲɚɸɳɟɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɦɢɧɢɦɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɪɢɫɤ ɨɬ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦɵɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɝɨ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɪɚɡɛɢɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɜɵɛɨɪɨɤ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ. ɉɨɩɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɜɵɛɨɪɨɤ ɜ ɤɚɤɭɸɧɢɛɭɞɶ ɢɡ ɷɬɢɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɸ ɬɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɨɥɶɡɭɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɹ "ɫ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɦ", ɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɚɩɪɢɨɪɧɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɨ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚɯ, ɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɧɚ ɤɥɚɫɫɵ. Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢ ɜ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɞɢɨɬɟɯɧɢɤɟ ɜɵɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɦɟɯ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɚ ɫɟɥɟɤɰɢɢ ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ ɞɜɢɠɭɳɢɯɫɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɜ ɞɨɩɥɟɪɨɜɫɤɨɦ ɩɪɢɪɚɳɟɧɢɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɦɢ, ɚ ɡɧɚɱɢɬ, ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɫɟɥɟɤɰɢɢ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɩɨɢɫɤɟ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ ɧɚ ɤɥɚɫɫɵ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɦ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ - ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɨɬ ɞɜɢɠɭɳɢɯɫɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɦɟɯ - ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɨɬ ɧɟɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, "ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ" ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɚ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢɥɢ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɚɩɪɢɨɪɧɨ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ.
Ⱦɪɭɝɨɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɚ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɚɩɪɢɨɪɧɨ ɧɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚɯ. ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ "ɞɨɛɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ" ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɬɟɯ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɚ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ ɧɚ ɮɨɧɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɦɟɯ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯ ɧɚ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɨɦɟɯ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɚ - ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜ-
ɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɷɬɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɚ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɨɜ ɡɚɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɬɨɪ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɨɦɟɯ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɵ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ ɤ ɞɢɚɝɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ.
15.4. Ʉɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ "ɛɟɡ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ"
Ɍɚɤɚɹ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ ɧɢ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ, ɧɢ ɢɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢ. Ɋɚɡɛɢɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɤɥɚɫɫɵ ɢ ɩɨɢɫɤ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ, ɟɫɥɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɟɫɥɢ ɪɟɲɚɸɳɟɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɜɯɨɞɧɭɸ ɜɵɛɨɪɤɭ ɧɢ ɤ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɚɩɪɢɨɪɧɨ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɦɭ ɤɥɚɫɫɭ, ɬɨ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɨɧɚ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬ ɤ ɞɪɭɝɨɦɭ ɧɨɜɨɦɭ ɤɥɚɫɫɭ. ɇɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɟɥɶ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ, ɢɦɟɸɬ ɫɦɵɫɥ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɤɥɚɫɫɵ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɬ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɨɧɢ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɫɦɵɫɥɚ, ɟɫɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɜɵɛɨɪɨɤ ɢɡ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ i ɤɚɤ ɟɞɢɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɟ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɟɥɶ.
15.5. ɉɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɜɵɛɨɪɤɢ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ
Ɉɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɜɵɛɨɪɤɢ X ɫ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶɸ n ɞɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ l<n. Ⱦɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ ɦɟɧɶɲɟɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɛɵɫɬɪɟɟ ɢ ɩɪɨɳɟ. ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɟ, ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɜɟɤɬɨɪ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɵ, ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɧɟɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɭɸ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ, ɟɫɥɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɜ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɦ ɛɟɫɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ. ɀɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɨɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤ ɡɚɞɚɱɟ ɛɚɡɢɫɧɵɦɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɦɢ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɡɢɬɶ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɟ ɢɡ ɛɟɫɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ ɫ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɦɚɥɵɦɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɦɢ l. Ⱦɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɜɨɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɦ, ɩɨɥɟɡɧɨ ɡɧɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɛɚɡɢɫɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ.
ɑɬɨ ɠɟ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɹ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ? ɗɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɢ ɦɟɧɶɲɟɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɤ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɣ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ (ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ). Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɚɩɪɢɨɪɢ ɡɧɚɬɶ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ. Ⱦɥɹ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɢɡ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɣ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ (ɱɚɫɬɨ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɳɢɣ ɤ ɭɫɩɟɯɭ), ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢɡ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɜ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɭɸ ɢɡ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ x(t) ɢɡɜɥɟɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɜɵɛɨɪɨɤ. Ʉ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɤɫɩɨɧɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɬɪɢɝɨɧɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɛɚɡɢɫɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ. ɂɧɬɭɢɬɢɜɧɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɧɹɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɱɟɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɚɩɪɢɨɪɢ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ ɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ, ɬɟɦ ɦɟɧɶɲɟɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɛɚɡɢɫɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ. ȼ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɫ ɩɪɟɨɛ-
ɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɢɡ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɜ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɭɸ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɵɯ ɜɵɛɨɪɨɤ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɲɢɪɢɧɟ ɩɨɥɨɫɵ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ, ɟɫɥɢ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɷɬɭ ɩɨɥɨɫɭ ɚɩɪɢɨɪɢ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɣ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɚɩɪɢɨɪɧɵɯ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɜɵɛɨɪɨɤ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɤɚɡɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɟɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ. ɋ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɟɫɥɢ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɭɸ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɸ ɬɪɟɯ ɫɢɧɭɫɨɢɞ, ɬɨ ɟɝɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɬɪɟɦɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɪɹɞɚ Ɏɭɪɶɟ.
Ɉɰɟɧɤɭ ɚɩɪɢɨɪɧɵɯ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɞɥɹ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ) ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɜɵɛɨɪɨɤ; ɟɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɢɡ ɫɚɦɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ. Ɉɤɚɡɚɥɨɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɜɟɫɬɢ ɜ ɗȼɆ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɨ ɡɚɞɚɱɟ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɧɚɢɥɭɱɲɢɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬ ɤ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɦ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɦ ɦɟɠɞɭ n ɟɞɢɧɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ l ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ (l < n), ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ.
ɉɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭ, ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɚɩɪɢɨɪɧɵɯ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ, ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɞɜɚ ɩɭɬɢ. Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ. Ⱦɪɭɝɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ, ɩɭɬɟɦ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ: ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɚɤɭɫɬɢɤɟ, ɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ, ɬɢɩɟ ɚɧɬɟɧɧɵ, ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ, ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɚɝɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ.
Ɉɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɦɢɧɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɛɨɪ ɛɚɡɢɫɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɣ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɢ ɟɟ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ. ȼɵɛɨɪ "ɧɚɢɥɭɱɲɟɣ" ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɛɚɡɢɫɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɜ l- ɦɟɪɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɥɢ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɢ "ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ" ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɦɟɪɚ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɥɚɫɫɚɦɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɢ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɜɵɛɨɪɤɢ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɦɢɧɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɛɚɡɢɫɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɢɥɢ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɛɚɡɢɫɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ, ɢɥɢ ɫɬɪɨɹɬɫɹ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɪɟɤɭɪɪɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ Ƚɪɚɦɚ - ɒɦɢɞɬɚ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɪɬɨɧɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɛɚɡɢɫɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɧɚɦɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ.
Ʌɂ Ɍ ȿ Ɋ Ⱥ Ɍ ɍ Ɋ Ⱥ
1.Ɍɢɯɨɧɨɜ ȼ.ɂ. ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ. Ɇ.: ɋɨɜ.ɪɚɞɢɨ, 1966. 678 ɫ.
2.Ʌɟɜɢɧ Ȼ.Ɋ. Ɍɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɞɢɨɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ. Ʉɧ. 2.
Ɇ.: ɋɨɜ.ɪɚɞɢɨ, 1968. 504 ɫ.
3.ɉɚɬɪɢɤ ɗ.Ⱥ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɵ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜ. Ɇ.: ɋɨɜ. ɪɚɞɢɨ, 1980. 408 ɫ.
4.Ɋɵɠɨɜ ȼ.ɉ., Ɏɟɞɨɫɨɜ ȼ.ɉ. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɪɚɞɢɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ. Ɍɚɝɚɧɪɨɝ: ɌɊɌɂ, 1986.
5.ɋɦɢɪɧɨɜ ɇ.ɇ., Ɏɟɞɨɫɨɜ ȼ.ɉ., ɐɜɟɬɤɨɜ Ɏ.Ⱥ. ɂɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ. Ɍɚɝɚɧɪɨɝ: ɌɊɌɍ, 1997.
6.Ɋɵɠɨɜ ȼ.ɉ., Ɏɟɞɨɫɨɜ ȼ.ɉ. ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ. Ɍɚɝɚɧɪɨɝ: ɌɊɌɂ, 1984.
7.Ɋɵɠɨɜ ȼ.ɉ., Ɏɟɞɨɫɨɜ ȼ.ɉ. Ɉɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ ɧɚ ɮɨɧɟ ɩɨɦɟɯ. Ɍɚɝɚɧɪɨɝ: ɌɊɌɂ, 1990. ʋ 299.
8.ɀɨɜɢɧɫɤɢɣ Ⱥ.ɇ., ɀɨɜɢɧɫɤɢɣ ȼ.ɇ. ɂɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɵɣ ɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫ-ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ. Ɇ.: ɗɧɟɪɝɢɹ, 1979. 112 ɫ.
9.Ƚɧɟɞɟɧɤɨ Ȼ.ȼ. Ʉɭɪɫ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɇ.:Ɏɢɡɦɚɬɝɢɡ, 1961.
ɋɈ Ⱦ ȿ Ɋ ɀȺɇ ɂ ȿ
ɉ Ɋ ȿ Ⱦ ɂ ɋ Ʌ Ɉ ȼ ɂ ȿ............................................................................................ |
3 |
1. ȼȼȿȾȿɇɂȿ ȼ ɌȿɈɊɂɘ ȼȿɊɈəɌɇɈɋɌɂ.................................................... |
3 |
1.1. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢ........................................................ |
3 |
1.2. ɋɥɭɱɚɣɧɚɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ....................................................................................... |
4 |
2. ɈɋɇɈȼɇɕȿ ɌȿɈɊȿɆɕ ɌȿɈɊɂɂ ȼȿɊɈəɌɇɈɋɌɂ ................................ |
4 |
2.1.ɋɭɦɦɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɣ..................................................................... |
4 |
2.2. Ɍɟɨɪɟɦɚ ɫɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ................................................................... |
4 |
2.3. Ɍɟɨɪɟɦɚ ɭɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ................................................................ |
5 |
2.4. Ɏɨɪɦɭɥɚ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢ........................................................................ |
6 |
2.5. Ɍɟɨɪɟɦɚ ɝɢɩɨɬɟɡ (ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚ Ȼɚɣɟɫɚ) ............................................................... |
7 |
3.ɋɅɍɑȺɃɇɕȿ ȼȿɅɂɑɂɇɕ ɂ ɂɏ ɁȺɄɈɇɕ ɊȺɋɉɊȿȾȿɅȿɇɂə.......... |
7 |
3.1.Ɂɚɤɨɧ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ. Ɋɹɞ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ..................................................... |
7 |
3.2. Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ................................................................................. |
8 |
3.3. ɉɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢ.................................................................................. |
8 |
3.4. ɑɢɫɥɨɜɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɋȼ ....................................................................... |
9 |
3.5.Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɵ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ |
|
ɪɚɞɢɨɬɟɯɧɢɤɟ........................................................................................................ |
11 |
3.6.Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɜ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɋȼ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɨɩɵɬɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ.... |
12 |
4. ɋɂɋɌȿɆɕ ɋɅɍɑȺɃɇɕɏ ȼȿɅɂɑɂɇ....................................................... |
14 |
4.1. Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢɡ ɞɜɭɯ ɋȼ............................................ |
14 |
4.2. Ⱦɜɭɦɟɪɧɚɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢ.............................................................. |
14 |
4.3. ɍɫɥɨɜɧɵɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɵ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɋȼ, ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɋȼ |
|
............................................................................................................................... |
15 |
4.4.ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ................................ |
16 |
4.5. ɑɢɫɥɨɜɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɞɜɭɯ ɋȼ. ............................................ |
16 |
Ʉɨɪɪɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ............................................................................................. |
16 |
4.6. ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɋȼ............................................................................... |
17 |
4.7.ɑɢɫɥɨɜɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɋȼ................................... |
17 |
4.8. Ⱦɜɭɦɟɪɧɵɣ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɡɚɤɨɧ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢ............................ |
18 |
5. ɁȺɄɈɇɕ ɊȺɋɉɊȿȾȿɅȿɇɂə ɎɍɇɄɐɂɃ ɋɅɍɑȺɃɇɕɏ |
|
ȺɊȽɍɆȿɇɌɈȼ...................................................................................................... |
19 |
5.1. ɉɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɨɬ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɋȼ............... |
20 |
5.2. Ɋɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɦɨɧɨɬɨɧɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɋȼ.................................... |
20 |
5.3. Ɋɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɋȼ..................................................... |
20 |
5.4. ɋɭɦɦɚ ɞɜɭɯ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɋȼ........................................................................ |
21 |
6. ɋɅɍɑȺɃɇɕȿ ɉɊɈɐȿɋɋɕ (ɎɍɇɄɐɂɂ).................................................. |
22 |
6.1. Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ.............................................................................................. |
22 |
6.2.ɍɡɤɨɩɨɥɨɫɧɵɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ (ɍɋɉ) ................................................ |
22 |
6.3.Ɉɝɢɛɚɸɳɚɹ ɢ ɮɚɡɚ ɭɡɤɨɩɨɥɨɫɧɨɝɨ ɋɉ......................................................... |
24 |
7.ɅɂɇȿɃɇɕȿ ɉɊȿɈȻɊȺɁɈȼȺɇɂə ɋɅɍɑȺɃɇɕɏ ɉɊɈɐȿɋɋɈȼ........ |
24 |
7.1. Ⱦɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɋɉ.............................................................................. |
25 |
7.2. Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɛɟɥɨɝɨ ɲɭɦɚ ɧɚ RC-ɮɢɥɶɬɪ ɧɢɠɧɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ............................... |
26 |
7.3. Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɛɟɥɨɝɨ ɲɭɦɚ ɧɚ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɭɪ...................................... |
26 |
8.ɌȿɈɊɂə ɉɊɈȼȿɊɄɂ ɋɌȺɌɂɋɌɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ ȽɂɉɈɌȿɁ........................... |
27 |
8.1.ɉɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ ɧɚ ɮɨɧɟ ɩɨɦɟɯ |
|
............................................................................................................................... |
27 |
8.2. ɋɢɧɬɟɡ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɬɟɥɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ .......................................... |
34 |
8.3. ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɚ.................... |
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8.4.Ɉɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɞɨɩɨɞɨɛɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɵɯ ɧɟɢɡɦɟɪɹɟɦɵɯ |
|
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɢɥɢ ɲɭɦɚ............................................................................ |
40 |
8.5.ɋɢɧɬɟɡ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɫɨ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨɣ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ |
|
ɮɚɡɨɣ..................................................................................................................... |
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8.6.Ɉɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɞɨɩɨɞɨɛɢɹ ɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɫɨ |
|
ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɵɦɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɚɡɨɣ ɢ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɨɣ.................................................... |
42 |
8.7. Ɉɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɱɤɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɨɜ ɧɚ ɮɨɧɟ ɛɟɥɨɝɨ ɲɭɦɚ.................... |
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9. ɈɋɇɈȼɕ ɌȿɈɊɂɂ ɈɐȿɇɈɄ ....................................................................... |
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9.1. Ɇɟɬɨɞɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ (ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ)........................................... |
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9.2.Ɉɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɵ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ.................................................... |
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9.3.Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɧɟɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ.......... |
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10.ɈȻɇȺɊɍɀȿɇɂȿ ɋɂȽɇȺɅɈȼ ɉɊɂ ȺɉɊɂɈɊɇɈɃ |
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ɇȿɈɉɊȿȾȿɅȿɇɇɈɋɌɂ..................................................................................... |
50 |
11.ɂɇɌȿɊȼȺɅɖɇɕȿ ɈɐȿɇɄɂ ɉȺɊȺɆȿɌɊɈȼ ɋɂȽɇȺɅɈȼ................... |
50 |
12. ɄɊɂɌȿɊɂɂ ɋɈȽɅȺɋɂə............................................................................... |
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12.1.Ɉɛɳɚɹ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ........................................................................... |
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12.2.Ʉɪɢɬɟɪɢɣ F2 - ɉɢɪɫɨɧɚ................................................................................ |
54 |
12.3. Ʉɪɢɬɟɪɢɣ Ʉɨɥɦɨɝɨɪɨɜɚ.............................................................................. |
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12.4. Ʉɪɢɬɟɪɢɣ Ɇɢɡɟɫɚ........................................................................................ |
55 |
12.5.Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɜɭɯ ɜɵɛɨɪɨɤ ɨɞɧɨɦɭɢ ɬɨɦɭɠɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ |
|
............................................................................................................................... |
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13.ɈɐȿɇɄɂ ɉȺɊȺɆȿɌɊɈȼ ɆɇɈȽɈɆȿɊɇɈɃ ɎɍɇɄɐɂɂ |
|
ɊȺɋɉɊȿȾȿɅȿɇɂə............................................................................................... |
57 |
13.1.Ɉɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɦɧɨɝɨɦɟɪɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ...57
13.2.Ɉɰɟɧɤɢ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɯ ɢ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɵ ɦɧɨɝɨɦɟɪɧɨɝɨ
ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ............................................................................... |
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14. ɎɂɅɖɌɊȺɐɂə ɋɅɍɑȺɃɇɕɏ ɉɊɈɐȿɋɋɈȼ......................................... |
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14.1. ɉɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ................................................................. |
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14.2. Ʌɢɧɟɣɧɚɹ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɩɨ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɸ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦɚ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɚ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ |
|
............................................................................................................................... |
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15. ɗɅȿɆȿɇɌɕ ɌȿɈɊɂɂ ɄɅȺɋɋɂɎɂɄȺɐɂɂ........................................... |
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15.1. ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ.............................................. |
61 |
15.2. Ɇɨɞɟɥɶ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ.............................................................................. |
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15.3. Ʉɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ "ɫ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɦ"..................................................................... |
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15.4. Ʉɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ "ɛɟɡ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ".................................................................... |
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15.5. ɉɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɜɵɛɨɪɤɢ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ |
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ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ..................................................................................................... |
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ɅɂɌȿɊȺɌɍɊȺ........................................................................................................ |
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Ɏɟɞɨɫɨɜ ȼɚɥɟɧɬɢɧ ɉɟɬɪɨɜɢɱ
ɉɊɂɄɅȺȾɇɕȿ ɆȺɌȿɆȺɌɂɑȿɋɄɂȿ ɆȿɌɈȾɕ ȼ ɋɌȺɌɂɋɌɂɑȿɋɄɈɃ ɊȺȾɂɈɌȿɏɇɂɄȿ
ɍɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ
Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɡɚ ɜɵɩɭɫɤ Ɏɟɞɨɫɨɜ ȼ.ɉ. Ɋɟɞɚɤɬɨɪ Ɇɚɧɵɱ ɗ.ɂ.
Ʉɨɪɪɟɤɬɨɪ ɉɪɨɰɟɧɤɨ ɂ.Ⱥ.
ɅɊ ʋ020565 ɉɨɞɩɢɫɚɧɨ ɤ ɩɟɱɚɬɢ Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ 60 ɯ 84 1/16. Ȼɭɦɚɝɚ ɨɮɫɟɬɧɚɹ.
Ɉɮɫɟɬɧɚɹ ɩɟɱɚɬɶ. ɍɫɥ. ɩ.ɥ. - 4,6. ɍɱ. -ɢɡɞ.ɥ. - 4,4. Ɂɚɤɚɡ ʋ . Ɍɢɪɚɠ 200 ɷɤɡ.
”ɋ”
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ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ Ɍɚɝɚɧɪɨɝɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɞɢɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ Ƚɋɉ - 17Ⱥ, Ɍɚɝɚɧɪɨɝ, 28, ɇɟɤɪɚɫɨɜɫɤɢɣ, 44
Ɍɢɩɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ Ɍɚɝɚɧɪɨɝɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɞɢɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ Ƚɋɉ - 17Ⱥ, Ɍɚɝɚɧɪɨɝ, 28, ɗɧɝɟɥɶɫɚ, 1